Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Prebaked anodes and cathode blocks - Part 1: Determination of bending/shear strength by the three-point method

ISO 12986-1:2014 specifies a three-point method to determine the flexural strength of carbon and solid graphite materials at room temperature.

Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Anodes précuites et blocs cathodiques — Partie 1: Détermination de la résistance à la flexion par la méthode trois points

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2014
Current Stage
9093 - International Standard confirmed
Start Date
27-Oct-2025
Completion Date
13-Dec-2025

Relations

Effective Date
10-Nov-2012

Overview

ISO 12986-1:2014 specifies a standardized three-point method to determine the flexural (bending/shear) strength of carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium, specifically prebaked anodes and cathode blocks, at room temperature. The standard defines the principle, required apparatus, specimen preparation, test procedure, calculation and reporting to ensure reproducible, comparable results for quality control and material specification.

Key Topics

  • Principle: A bar-shaped specimen is supported on two bearing blocks and loaded at its midpoint until rupture. Flexural strength is calculated from the maximum force, support span and specimen cross-section and is expressed in MPa.
  • Apparatus: Requires a compression-testing machine compliant with class 2 of ISO 7500-1 and a measuring device with two bearing blocks and a central force edge. Radii of curvature for supports and force edge are specified in the standard (recommended range 2 mm to 5 mm). Dimensional measuring tools and surface-roughness measurement are also referenced.
  • Specimen preparation: Sampling follows ISO 8007 series (parts 1–3) or an agreed plan. Surface roughness (Ra) of machined side faces shall be below 15 µm (peak-to-valley height) when measured per ISO 4288. Specimen geometry may be cylindrical or prismatic; minimum dimensions and aspect ratios are specified relative to material constituent size and cross-section.
  • Procedure: Tests are performed at room temperature (10 °C to 35 °C). The specimen is centered on supports with the span at least three times specimen width/diameter. Load is applied centrally and increased uniformly (recommendation given in the standard) until fracture; the maximum force is recorded.
  • Calculation & Precision: Flexural strength is computed from the recorded maximum force, span and section modulus for the cross-section. Repeatability expectations are provided: mean values under repeatable conditions should not differ by more than 5 % (absolute) at 95 % confidence.

Applications

  • Quality control of prebaked anodes and cathode blocks used in aluminium smelting.
  • Comparative assessment of carbonaceous and solid graphite materials for mechanical performance.
  • Material acceptance testing during production, incoming inspection and R&D for electrode materials.

Practical benefits: standardized procedure for reliable, reproducible flexural strength data; supports product specification, supplier comparison and process control.

Related Standards

  • ISO 4288 - surface texture measurement (profile method)
  • ISO 7500-1 - verification of static uniaxial testing machines
  • ISO 8007-1 / ISO 8007-2 / ISO 8007-3 - sampling plans for cathode blocks, prebaked anodes and sidewall blocks

Reporting: The test report shall reference ISO 12986-1 and include specimen identification, sampling details, number and dimensions of specimens, individual and mean flexural strength (MPa), any deviations from the standard and the test date.

Standard

ISO 12986-1:2014 - Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium -- Prebaked anodes and cathode blocks

English language
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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 12986-1:2014 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Prebaked anodes and cathode blocks - Part 1: Determination of bending/shear strength by the three-point method". This standard covers: ISO 12986-1:2014 specifies a three-point method to determine the flexural strength of carbon and solid graphite materials at room temperature.

ISO 12986-1:2014 specifies a three-point method to determine the flexural strength of carbon and solid graphite materials at room temperature.

ISO 12986-1:2014 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.100.10 - Materials for aluminium production. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO 12986-1:2014 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 12986-1:2000. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

You can purchase ISO 12986-1:2014 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12986-1
Second edition
2014-06-15
Carbonaceous materials used in the
production of aluminium — Prebaked
anodes and cathode blocks —
Part 1:
Determination of bending/shear
strength by the three-point method
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l’aluminium —
Anodes précuites et blocs cathodiques —
Partie 1: Détermination de la résistance à la flexion par la méthode
trois points
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Test specimen . 3
6.1 Sampling and sample preparation . 3
6.2 Size and geometry . 4
7 Procedure. 4
8 Calculation and expression of results . 4
9 Precision . 5
10 Test report . 5
Bibliography . 6
Foreword
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
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For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 226, Materials for the production of primary
aluminium.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12986-1:2000), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 12986 consists of the following parts, under the general title Carbonaceous materials used in the
production of aluminium — Prebaked anodes and cathode bocks:
— Part 1: Determination of bending strength by the three-point method
— Part 2: Determination of bending strength by the four-point method
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12986-1:2014(E)
Carbonaceous materials used in the production of
aluminium — Prebaked anodes and cathode blocks —
Part 1:
Determination of bending/shear strength by the three-
point method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12986 specifies a three-point method to determine the flexural strength of carbon and
solid graphite materials at room temperature.
NOTE ISO 12986 is based on DIN 51902.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4288, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Rules and
procedures for the assessment of surface texture
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/compression
testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
ISO 8007-1, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium — Sampling plans and sampling
from individual units — Part 1: Cathode blocks
ISO 8007-2, Carbonaceous materials used in the
...

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