ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-5

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29
Secretariat: JISC
2025-10-13
Date: 2026-01-25
Information technology — Coded representation of immersive
media — —
Part 5:
Visual volumetric video-based coding (V3C) and video-based point
cloud compression (V-PCC)
Technologie de l'information — Représentation codée de média immersifs —
Partie 5: Codage basé sur la vidéo volumétrique (V3C) et compression de nuage de points basée sur la vidéo (V-
PCC)
FDIS stage
© ISO/IEC 20252026
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© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 17
5 Conventions . 18
5.1 General . 18
5.2 Arithmetic operators . 18
5.3 Logical operators . 18
5.4 Relational operators . 19
5.5 Bit-wise operators . 19
5.6 Assignment operators . 19
5.7 Other operators . 20
5.8 Mathematical functions . 20
5.9 Order of operation precedence. 20
5.10 Variables, syntax elements, and tables . 21
5.11 Text description of logical operations . 22
5.12 Processes . 24
6 Overall V3C characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 25
6.1 V3C characteristics . 25
6.2 V3C bitstream characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 27
6.3 Extensibility of V3C: V-PCC, MIV and V-DMC . 28
7 Bitstream format, partitioning, and scanning processes . 29
7.1 General . 29
7.2 V3C bitstream formats . 29
7.3 NAL bitstream formats . 29
7.4 Partitioning of atlas frames into tiles . 30
8 Syntax and semantics . 31
8.1 Method of specifying syntax in tabular form . 31
8.2 Specification of syntax functions and descriptors . 32
8.3 Syntax in tabular form . 34
8.4 Semantics . 59
9 Decoding process . 110
9.1 General decoding process . 110
9.2 Atlas data decoding process . 111
9.3 Occupancy video decoding process . 139
9.4 Geometry video decoding process . 140
9.5 Attribute video decoding process . 142
9.6 Packed video decoding process . 145
9.7 Common atlas data decoding process . 147
9.8 Sub-bitstream extraction process . 149
10 Pre-reconstruction process . 151
11 Reconstruction process . 151
12 Post-reconstruction process . 151
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
iii
13 Adaptation process . 151
14 Parsing process . 151
14.1 General . 151
14.2 Parsing process for 0-th order Exp-Golomb codes . 152
14.3 Parsing process for ASN.1 object identifiers . 154
Annex A (normative) Profiles, tiers, and levels . 155
Annex B (informative) Post-decoding conversion to nominal video formats . 163
Annex C (informative) V3C sample stream format . 193
Annex D (normative) NAL sample stream format . 195
Annex E (normative) Atlas hypothetical reference decoder . 197
Annex F (normative) Supplemental enhancement information . 215
Annex G (normative) Volumetric usability information . 279
Annex H (normative) Video-based Point Cloud Coding . 291
Bibliography . 392
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 17
5 Conventions . 18
5.1 General . 18
5.2 Arithmetic operators . 18
5.3 Logical operators . 19
5.4 Relational operators . 19
5.5 Bit-wise operators . 19
5.6 Assignment operators . 20
5.7 Other operators . 20
5.8 Mathematical functions . 20
5.9 Order of operation precedence. 21
5.10 Variables, syntax elements, and tables . 22
5.11 Text description of logical operations . 23
5.12 Processes . 26
6 Overall V3C characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 26
6.1 V3C characteristics . 26
6.2 V3C bitstream characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 33
6.3 Extensibility of V3C: V-PCC, MIV and V-DMC . 34
7 Bitstream format, partitioning, and scanning processes . 35
7.1 General . 35
7.2 V3C bitstream formats . 35
7.3 NAL bitstream formats . 35
7.4 Partitioning of atlas frames into tiles . 36
8 Syntax and semantics . 38
8.1 Method of specifying syntax in tabular form . 38
8.2 Specification of syntax functions and descriptors . 39
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
iv
8.3 Syntax in tabular form . 41
8.4 Semantics . 68
9 Decoding process . 122
9.1 General decoding process . 122
9.2 Atlas data decoding process . 123
9.3 Occupancy video decoding process . 158
9.4 Geometry video decoding process . 159
9.5 Attribute video decoding process . 162
9.6 Packed video decoding process . 165
9.7 Common atlas data decoding process . 166
9.8 Sub-bitstream extraction process . 169
10 Pre-reconstruction process . 171
11 Reconstruction process . 171
12 Post-reconstruction process . 171
13 Adaptation process . 171
14 Parsing process . 171
14.1 General . 171
14.2 Parsing process for 0-th order Exp-Golomb codes . 172
14.3 Parsing process for ASN.1 object identifiers . 173
Annex A (normative) Profiles, tiers, and levels . 175
Annex B (informative) Post-decoding conversion to nominal video formats . 185
Annex C (informative) V3C sample stream format . 229
Annex D (normative) NAL sample stream format . 231
Annex E (normative) Atlas hypothetical reference decoder . 233
Annex F (normative) Supplemental enhancement information . 253
Annex G (normative) Volumetric usability information . 328
Annex H (normative) Video-based Point Cloud Coding . 341
Bibliography . 463

© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
v
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members
of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
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In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO/IEC 23090-5:2025), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
1 1)
— — Additions needed for ISO/IEC 23090-29 video-based dynamic mesh coding . .
— — Various minor improvements and corrections.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 23090 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-29:—.
1)
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-29:—.

© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
vi
Introduction
Advances in 3D capturing and rendering technologies have unleashed a new wave of innovation in
Virtual/Augmented/Mixed reality (VR/AR/MR) content creation and communication, of which visual
volumetric video is an integral part.
Visual volumetric video, a sequence of visual volumetric frames, if uncompressed, may be represented by a
large amount of data, which can be costly in terms of storage and transmission. This has led to the need for a
high coding efficiency standard for the compression of visual volumetric data.
Visual volumetric frames can be coded by converting the 3D volumetric information into a collection of 2D
images and associated data. The converted 2D images can be coded using widely available video and image
coding specifications, such as ISO/IEC 14496-10 and ISO/IEC 23008-2 and the associated data can be coded
with mechanisms specified in this document. The coded images and the associated data can then be decoded
and used to reconstruct the 3D volumetric information. This document specifies a generic mechanism for
visual volumetric video coding, i.e. visual volumetric video-based coding. The generic mechanism may be used
by applications targeting volumetric content, such as point clouds, immersive video with depth, mesh
representations of visual volumetric frames, etc.
In addition to the generic mechanism of coding volumetric content, this document specifies one of the
applications of visual volumetric video-based coding targeting point cloud representations of visual
volumetric frames. In a point cloud sequence, each point cloud frame contains a collection of points. Each point
has a 3D position, i.e. geometry information, and each point may also be associated with a number of attributes,
such as colour, reflectance, surface normal, etc.
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
vii
Final DRAFT International Standard ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-5:2025(en)

Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media
— —
Part 5:
Visual volumetric video-based coding (V3C) and video-based point
cloud compression (V-PCC)
1 Scope
This document specifies the syntax, semantics, and decoding for visual volumetric media using video--based
coding methods. Furthermore, this document specifies processes that can be needed for reconstruction of
visual volumetric media, and can also include additional processes such as post--decoding, pre-reconstruction,
post--reconstruction, and adaptation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitute
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8825--1, Information technology — ASN.1 encoding rules — Part 1: Specification of basic encoding
rulesBasic Encoding Rules (BER), canonical encoding rulesCanonical Encoding Rules (CER) and distinguished
encoding rulesDistinguished Encoding Rules (DER)
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal coded character set (UCS)
ISO/IEC 14496--10, Information technology — — Coding of audio-visual objects — — Part 10: Advanced video
coding
ISO/IEC 14496--12, Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 12: ISO base media file
format
ISO/IEC 14496--15, Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 15: Carriage of network
abstraction layer (NAL) unit structured video in the ISO base media file format
ISO/IEC 23002--7, Information technology — MPEG video technologies — Part 7: Versatile supplemental
enhancement information messages for coded video bitstreams
ISO/IEC 23008--2, Information technology — High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous
environments — Part 2: High efficiency video coding
ISO/IEC 23090--3, Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 3: Versatile
video coding
ISO/IEC 23090-12, Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 12: MPEG
immersive video
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC 23090-29, Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 29: Video-based
dynamic mesh coding (V-DMC)
ISO/IEC 23091--2, Information technology — Coding-independent code points — Part 2: Video
ISO/IEC 60559:2020, Information technology — Microprocessor Systems — Floating-Point arithmetic
Rec. ITU-T T.35, Procedure for the allocation of ITU-T defined codes for non standard facilities
Rec. ITU-T H.271, Video back-channel messages for conveyance of status information and requests from a video
receiver to a video sender
IETF RFC 1321, The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm
IETF RFC 5646, Tags for Identifying Languages
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
3D bounding box
volume defined as a cuboid solid having six rectangular faces placed at right angles
3.2 3.2
associated non-ACL NAL unit
non-ACL NAL unit (3.85)(3.85) that is associated with an ACL NAL unit (3.5)(3.5) for the purpose of decoding
or other operations specified by this document
3.3 3.3
atlas
collection of 2D bounding boxes and their associated information placed onto a rectangular frame and
corresponding to a volume in 3D space on which volumetric data is rendered
3.4 3.4
atlas bitstream
sequence of bits that forms the representation of atlas frames (3.7)(3.7) and associated data forming one or
more CASs (3.38)(3.38)
3.5 3.5
atlas coding layer NAL unit
ACL NAL unit
collective term for coded atlas tile layer NAL units (3.83)(3.83) and the subset of NAL units (3.83)(3.83) that
have reserved values of nal_unit_type that are classified as being of type class equal to ACL in this document
3.6 3.6
atlas coordinates
two scalars (x, y) with finite precision and dynamic range that indicate the location of an atlas sample relative
to the top left corner of an atlas frame, with x and y indicating the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
3.7 3.7
atlas frame
2D rectangular array of atlas samples onto which patches (3.93)(3.93) are projected and additional
information related to the patches (3.93),(3.93), corresponding to a volumetric frame (3.143)(3.143)
3.8 3.8
atlas frame parameter set
AFPS
syntax structure (3.125)(3.125) containing syntax elements (3.124)(3.124) that apply to zero or more entire
coded atlas frames (3.7)(3.7) as determined by the content of a syntax element (3.124)(3.124) found in each
tile header
3.9 3.9
atlas sample
position on the rectangular frame onto which patches (3.93)(3.93) that are associated with an atlas (3.3)(3.3)
are projected
3.10 3.10
atlas sequence
collection of atlas frames (3.7)(3.7)
3.11 3.11
atlas sequence parameter set
ASPS
syntax structure (3.125)(3.125) containing syntax elements (3.124)(3.124) that apply to zero or more entire
coded atlas sequences (3.38)(3.38) as determined by the content of a syntax element (3.124)(3.124) found in
the AFPS referred to by a syntax element found in each tile header
3.12 3.12
atlas sub-bitstream
extracted sub-bitstream (3.114)(3.114) from the V3C bitstream (3.133)(3.133) containing a part of an atlas
NAL bitstream
3.13 3.13
atlas unit
set of NAL units (3.83)(3.83) that contain all ACL NAL units (3.5)(3.5) of a coded atlas (3.36)(3.36) and their
associated non-ACL NAL units (3.2)(3.2)
3.14 3.14
attribute
scalar or vector property optionally associated with each point in a volumetric frame (3.143)(3.143) such as
colour, reflectance, surface normal, transparency, material ID, etc.
3.15 3.15
attribute frame
2D rectangular array created through the aggregation of patches (3.93)(3.93) containing values of a specific
attribute (3.14)(3.14)
3.16 3.16
attribute map
attribute frame (3.15)(3.15) containing attribute patch (3.93)(3.93) information projected at a particular
depth indicated by the corresponding geometry map (3.69)(3.69)
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
3.17 3.17
auxiliary attribute frame
2D rectangular array that is associated with RAW patches (3.109)(3.109) and EOM patches (3.62),(3.62), and
contains values of a specific attribute (3.14)(3.14)
3.18 3.18
auxiliary geometry frame
2D rectangular array that is associated with RAW patches (3.109)(3.109) and contains geometry (3.67)(3.67)
values
3.19 3.19
auxiliary video component
video component (3.130)(3.130) indicated as being of auxiliary type through an appropriate flag in the VPS
(3.139)(3.139) and containing data only associated with RAW patches (3.109)(3.109) and/or EOM patches
(3.62)(3.62)
3.20 3.20
auxiliary video sub-bitstream
video sub-bitstream (3.132)(3.132) indicated as being of auxiliary type through an appropriate flag in the VPS
(3.139)(3.139) and containing data only associated with RAW patches (3.109)(3.109) and/or EOM patches
(3.62)(3.62)
3.21 3.21
basemesh
mesh structure containing possibly a reduced number of Cartesian coordinates (3.32)(3.32) and their
associated connectivity, along with scalar or vector property optionally associated with each coordinate
and/or set of connectivity
3.22 3.22
basemesh bitstream
bitstream (3.25)(3.25) conforming to a mesh specification that may represent a V3C component (3.134)(3.134)
as specified by this document
3.23 3.23
basemesh data unit
syntax structure (3.125)(3.125) containing basemesh data information, such as a NAL unit (3.83)(3.83) in the
context of Annex H of ISO/IEC 23090-29:2025:—
3.24 3.24
basemesh sub-bitstream
extracted sub-bitstream (3.114)(3.114) from the V3C bitstream (3.133)(3.133) containing a part of a basemesh
bitstream (3.22)(3.22)
3.25 3.25
bitstream
ordered series of bits that forms the coded representation of the data
3.26 3.26
byte
sequence of 8 bits, within which, when written or read as a sequence of bit values, the left-most and right-
most bits represent the most and least significant bits, respectively
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
3.27 3.27
broken link access access unit
BLA access unit
access unit in which the coded atlas (3.36)(3.36) with nal_layer_id equal to 0 is a BLA coded atlas (3.28)(3.28)
3.28 3.28
broken link access coded atlas frame
BLA coded atlas
BLA atlas frame
IRAP coded atlas (3.80)(3.80) frame for which each ACL NAL unit (3.5)(3.5) has nal_unit_type equal to
NAL_BLA_W_LP, NAL_GBLA_W_LP, NAL_BLA_W_RADL NAL_GBLA_W_RADL, NAL_BLA_N_LP or
NAL_GBLA_N_LP
Note 1 to entry: A BLA coded atlas does not use inter prediction in its decoding process, and could be the first coded atlas
in the bitstream in decoding order, or could appear later in the bitstream. Each BLA coded atlas begins a new CAS, and
has the same effect on the decoding process as an instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) coded atlas. However, a BLA
coded atlas contains syntax elements that specify a non-empty DAB. When a BLA coded atlas frame for which each ACL
NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal to NAL_BLA_W_LP or NAL_GBLA_W_LP, it may have associated random access skipped
leading (RASL) coded atlas frames, which are not output by the decoder and may not be decodable, as they may contain
references to atlas frames that are not present in the bitstream. When a BLA coded atlas frame for which each ACL NAL
unit has nal_unit_type equal to NAL_BLA_W_LP or NAL_GBLA_W_LP, it may also have associated RADL coded atlas frames,
which are specified to be decoded. When a BLA coded atlas frame for which each ACL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal
to NAL_BLA_W_RADL or NAL_GBLA_W_RADL, it does not have associated RASL coded atlas frames but may have
associated random access decodable leading (RADL) coded atlas frames. When a BLA coded atlas frame for which each
ACL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal to NAL_BLA_N_LP or NAL_GBLA_N_LP, it does not have any associated leading
coded atlas frames.
3.29 3.29
byte-aligned
positioned as an integer multiple of 8 bits from the position of the first bit in the bitstream (3.25)(3.25)
3.30 3.30
byte-aligned position
position in a bitstream (3.25)(3.25) that is byte-aligned (3.29)(3.29)
3.31 3.31
byte-aligned byte
byte (3.26)(3.26) that appears in a position in a bitstream (3.25)(3.25) that is byte-aligned (3.29)(3.29)
3.32 3.32
Cartesian coordinates
three scalars (x, y, z) with finite precision and dynamic range that indicate the location of a point relative to a
fixed reference point (the origin)
3.33 3.33
clean random access access unit
CRA access unit
access unit in which the coded atlas (3.36)(3.36) with nal_layer_id equal to 0 is a CRA coded atlas (3.34)(3.34)
3.34 3.34
clean random access coded atlas frame
CRA coded atlas
CRA atlas frame
IRAP coded atlas (3.80)(3.80) for which each ACLNAL unit (3.5)(3.5) has nal_unit_type equal to NAL_CRA or
NAL_GCRA
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
Note 1 to entry: A CRA coded atlas does not use inter prediction in its decoding process, and could be the first coded atlas
in the bitstream in decoding order, or could appear later in the bitstream. A CRA coded atlas could have associated RADL
or RASL coded atlas frames. When a CRA coded atlas has NoOutputBeforeRecoveryFlag equal to 1, the associated RASL
coded atlas frames are not output by the decoder, because they might not be decodable, as they could contain references
to coded atlas frames that are not present in the bitstream.
3.35 3.35
codec
specification, device, or system that specifies or uses well defined instructions for encoding or decoding a
digital data, i.e. image or video, stream or signal
3.36 3.36
coded atlas
coded atlas frame
coded representation of an atlas (3.3)(3.3)
3.37 3.37
coded atlas access unit
set of atlas NAL units (3.83)(3.83) that are associated with each other according to a specified classification
rule, are consecutive in decoding order, and contain all atlas NAL units (3.83)(3.83) pertaining to one
particular output time
3.38 3.38
coded atlas sequence
CAS
sequence of coded atlas access units (3.37),(3.37), in decoding order, of an IRAP coded atlas access unit
(3.79)(3.79) with NoOutputBeforeRecoveryFlag equal to 1, followed by zero or more coded atlas access units
(3.37)(3.37) that are not IRAP coded atlas access units (3.79)(3.79) with NoOutputBeforeRecoveryFlag equal
to 1, including all subsequent access units (3.37)(3.37) up to but not including any subsequent coded atlas
access unit (3.37)(3.37) that is an IRAP coded atlas access unit (3.79)(3.79) with NoOutputBeforeRecoveryFlag
equal to 1
Note 1 to entry: An IRAP coded atlas access unit may be an IDR coded atlas access unit, a BLA coded atlas access unit, or
a CRA coded atlas access unit. The value of NoOutputBeforeRecoveryFlag is equal to 1 for each IDR coded atlas access
unit, each BLA coded atlas access unit, and each CRA coded atlas access unit that is the first coded atlas access unit in the
atlas bitstream in decoding order, is the first coded atlas access unit that follows an end of sequence NAL unit in decoding
order, or has HandleCraAsBlaFlag equal to 1.
3.39 3.39
coded common atlas access unit
set of common atlas non-ACL NAL units (3.85)(3.85) that are associated with each other according to a
specified classification rule, are consecutive in decoding order, and contain all common atlas NAL units
(3.83)(3.83) pertaining to one particular output time
3.40 3.40
coded common atlas frame
coded representation of a common atlas frame (3.46)(3.46)
3.41 3.41
coded common atlas sequence
CCAS
sequence of coded common atlas access units (3.39),(3.39), in decoding order, of an IRAP coded common atlas
access unit (3.82),(3.82), followed by zero or more coded common atlas access units (3.39)(3.39) that are not
IRAP coded common atlas access units (3.82),(3.82), including all subsequent access units (3.39)(3.39) up to
but not including any subsequent coded common atlas access unit (3.39)(3.39) that is an IRAP coded common
atlas access unit (3.82)(3.82)
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
3.42 3.42
coded volumetric frame
single V3C composition unit (3.136)(3.136) pertaining to one particular time instance
3.43 3.43
coded V3C sequence
CVS
sequence of V3C sub-bitstreams (3.137)(3.137) identified and separated by appropriate delimiters, required
to start with a VPS (3.139),(3.139), included in at least one V3C unit (3.140)(3.140) or provided through
external means, and contains one or more V3C units that can be factored into V3C composition units
(3.136),(3.136), where the first V3C composition unit is a V3C IRAP composition unit (3.137)(3.137)
3.44 3.44
coded representation
data element as represented in its coded form
3.45 3.45
coded V3C component
coded representation of a V3C component (3.134)(3.134)
3.46 3.46
common atlas frame
CAF
common information (e.g. projection parameters) that applies to all atlas frames (3.7) in a volumetric frame
(3.143)(3.7) in a volumetric frame (3.143)
3.47 3.47
common atlas sequence
collection of common atlas frames (3.46)(3.46)
3.48 3.48
common atlas sub-bitstream
extracted sub-bitstream (3.114)(3.114) from the V3C bitstream (3.133)(3.133) containing a part of a common
atlas NAL bitstream
3.49 3.49
component bitstream
bitstream (3.25)(3.25) representing a V3C component (3.134)(3.134)
3.50 3.50
component sub-bitstream
portion of component bitstream (3.46)(3.46)
3.51 3.51
composition time
time or time period at which a frame needs to be composed, used for reconstruction, or presented
3.52 3.52
composition time index
index to an ordered list of composition times (3.51)(3.51)
3.53 3.53
composition unit
partition of a bitstream (3.25)(3.25) that has a certain composition time (3.51)(3.51)
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
3.54 3.54
decoder under test
DUT
decoder that is tested for conformance to this document by operating the hypothetical stream scheduler to
deliver a conforming bitstream (3.25)(3.25) to the decoder and to the hypothetical reference decoder and
comparing the values and timing or order of the output of the two decoders
3.55 3.55
displacement
set of 3D vectors that are added to the vertices of the subdivided mesh to closely approximate the input mesh
surface
3.56 3.56
displacement bitstream
bitstream (3.25)(3.25) conforming to a mesh specification that may represent a V3C component (3.134)(3.134)
of type displacement (3.55)(3.55) as specified by this document
3.57 3.57
displacement data unit
syntax structure (3.125)(3.125) containing displacement data information, such as a NAL unit (3.83)(3.83) in
the context of Annex J of ISO/IEC 23090-29:2025
3.58 3.58
displacement sub-bitstream
extracted sub-bitstream (3.114)(3.114) from the V3C bitstream (3.133)(3.133) containing a part of a
displacement bitstream (3.56)(3.56)
3.59 3.59
decoding unit
sub-set of a coded atlas access unit (3.37)(3.37) consisting of one or more ACL NAL units in a coded atlas access
unit (3.37)(3.37) and the associated non-ACL NAL units (3.2)(3.2)
3.60 3.60
enhanced occupancy mode
EOM
patch coding mode where a patch (3.93)(3.93) is associated with enhanced occupancy information
3.61 3.61
EOM coded points
coded representation of 3D points located at intermediate depth positions for which geometry (3.67)(3.67)
values are stored as codewords in the occupancy frame (3.92)(3.92) and their corresponding attributes values
are stored in additional patches, referred to as EOM patches (3.62), in the attribute frames (3.15)(3.62), in the
attribute frames (3.15)
3.62 3.62
EOM patch
patch (3.93)(3.93) with patch mode (3.95)(3.95) equal to I_EOM, P_EOM, or P_SKIP
3.63 3.63
EOM patch type
patch type (3.96)(3.96) indicating an EOM patch (3.62)(3.62)
© ISO/IEC 20252026 – All rights reserved
3.64 3.64
essential supplemental enhancement information
ESEI
SEI (3.122)(3.122) that is deemed as essential by the decoding process and should not be ignored or discarded
3.65 3.65
essential supplemental enhancement information NAL unit
ESEI NAL unit
NAL unit (3.83)(3.83) corresponding to an ESEI (3.64)(3.64) and has nal_unit_type equal to NAL_PREFIX_ESEI
or NAL_SUFFIX_ESEI
3.66 3.66
flag
variable or single-bit syntax element that can take one of the two possible values: 0 and 1
3.67 3.67
geometry
set of Cartesian coordinates (3.32)(3.32) associated with a volumetric frame (3.143)(3.143)
3.68 3.68
geometry frame
2D array created through the aggregation of the geometry (3.67)(3.67) information associated with each patch
(3.93)(3.93)
3.69 3.69
geometry map
geometry frame (68) containing geometry patch (3.93)(3.93) information projected at a particular depth
3.70 3.70
global broken link access coded atlas frame
GBLA atlas frame
IRAP coded atlas (3
...