ISO 17561:2016

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17561
Second edition
2016-07-01
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Test method for elastic moduli
of monolithic ceramics at room
temperature by sonic resonance
Céramiques techniques — Méthode d’essai des modules d’élasticité
des céramiques monolithiques, à température ambiante, par
résonance acoustique
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Summary of test method . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Oscillator . 5
5.3 Amplifier . 5
5.4 Driver . 5
5.5 Detector . 5
5.6 Frequency counter . 6
5.7 Specimen suspension means . 6
5.8 Micrometer . 6
5.9 Vernier calliper . 7
5.10 Balance . 7
6 Test pieces . 7
7 Test procedure . 7
7.1 Measurement of the size and the mass . 7
7.2 Positioning of the specimen . 7
7.3 Measurement of resonant frequency . 8
8 Calculations. 9
9 Test report .11
Bibliography .12
Foreword
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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17561:2002), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 17561:2002/Cor.1:2007.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17561:2016(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for elastic moduli of monolithic
ceramics at room temperature by sonic resonance
1 Scope
This International Standard describes the method of test for determining the dynamic elastic moduli of
fine ceramics at room temperature by sonic resonance. This International Standard is for fine ceramics
[2]
that are elastic, homogeneous and isotropic.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for
external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
ISO 13385 (all parts), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dynamic elastic moduli
adiabatic elastic moduli, which are dynamic Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio
Note 1 to entry: Adiabatic elastic moduli are obtained by the sonic resonance method.
3.1.1
Young’s modulus
E
elastic modulus in tension or compression
E =σε/
where
E is Young’s modulus in pascals;
σ is the tension or compression stress in pascals;
ε is the tension or compression strain.
3.1.2
shear modulus
G
elastic modulus in shear or torsion
G =τγ/
where
G is the shear modulus in pascals;
τ is the shear or torsional stress in pascals;
γ is the shear or torsional strain.
3.1.3
Poisson’s ratio
ν
ratio of transverse strain to the corresponding axial strain resulting from uniformly distributed axial
stress below the proportional limit of the material
Note 1 to entry: In isotropic materials, Young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poisson’s ratio (ν) are related
by the following formula:
vE= /2G −1
()
3.2 vibration
3.2.1
flexural vibration
vibration apparent when the oscillation in a slender bar is in plane normal to the length dimension
Note 1 to entry: Also defined as vibration in a flexural mode.
3.2.2
torsional vibration
vibration apparent when the oscillation in each cross-section plane of a slender bar is such that the
plane twists around the length dimension axis
Note 1 to entry: Also defined as vibration in a torsional mode.
3.3
resonance
state if, when a slender bar driven into one of the above modes of vibration, the imposed frequency is
such that the resultant displacements for a given amount of driving force are at a maximum
Note 1 to entry: The resonant frequencies are natural vibration frequencies which are determined by the elastic
modulus, mass and dimensions of the test piece.
3.4
fundamental frequency
lowest frequency of a periodic waveform
3.5
nodes
location(s) in slender rod or bar in resonance (3.3) having a constant zero displacement
Note 1 to entry: For the fundamental flexural resonance, the nodes are located at 0,224 L from each end, where L
is the length of the rod or bar.
4 Summary of test method
This test method measures the flexural or torsional frequencies of test specimens of rectangular prism
or cylindrical geometry by exciting them at continuously variable frequencies. Mechanical excitation
of the specimens is provided through the use of a transducer that transforms a cyclic electrical signal
into a cyclic mechanical force on the test piece. A second transducer senses the resulting mechanical
vibrations of the test piece and transforms them into an electrical signal. The amplitude and the
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

frequency of the signal are measured by an oscilloscope or other means to detect resonance. The peak
response is obtained at the resonant frequency. The fundamental resonant frequencies, dimensions
and mass of the specimen are used to calculate the dynamic elastic moduli. The Young’s modulus is
determined from the flexural resonance frequency, and the shear modulus is determined from the
torsional resonance frequency, together with the test piece dimensions and mass. Poisson’s ratio is
determined from the Young’s modulus and the shear modulus.
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
There are various techniques that may be used to determine the resonant frequency of the test piece.
The test piece may be excited by direct mechanical contact of a vibrator, or it may be suspended by a
wire from a vibrator. It may be driven electromagnetically by attaching thin foils of magnetic material
to one surface, or electrostatically by attaching an electrode to one surface.
One example of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 1. The driving circuit consists of an oscillator, an
amplifier, a driver and a frequency counter. The detecting circuit consists of a detector, an amplifier
and an oscilloscope. Figure 1 shows the suspension style of the apparatus. The direct contact support
style of the test apparatus, shown in Figure 2, is also possible. It consists of a variable-frequency
audio oscillator, used to generate a sinusoidal voltage, and a power amplifier and suitable transducer
to convert the electrical signal to a mechanical driving vibration. A frequency meter (preferably
digital) monitors the audio oscillator output to provide accurate frequency determination. A suitable
suspension coupling system supports the test piece. A transducer detector acts to detect mechanical
vibration in the specimen and to convert it into an electrical signal which is passed through an
amplifier and displayed on an indicating meter. The meter may be a voltmeter, a microammeter or an
oscilloscope. An oscilloscope is recommended because it enables the operator to positively identify
resonances, including higher order harmonics, by Lissajous figure analysis, which is a superposition of
two perpendicular harmonics. If a Lissajous figure is desired, the output of the oscillator is also coupled
to the horizontal plates of the oscilloscope.
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