Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Cold and tepid ramming pastes - Preparation of baked test pieces and determination of loss on baking

ISO 20202:2004 describes a method of baking green test specimens made by compacting carbonaceous ramming pastes. It includes the baking procedure (heating rate and holding time) and the determination of the loss on baking (relative mass loss).

Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Pâtes de brasquage froides et tièdes — Préparation d'éprouvettes cuites et détermination de la perte à la cuisson

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
15-Jul-2004
Current Stage
9093 - International Standard confirmed
Start Date
16-Dec-2024
Completion Date
13-Dec-2025

Overview

ISO 20202:2004 specifies a standardized laboratory method for preparing and baking green test specimens made from cold and tepid carbonaceous ramming pastes used in aluminium production, and for determining their loss on baking (relative mass loss). The standard defines the baking program, required apparatus and measurement accuracy, and the way to report and express results for consistent quality control and comparative testing.

Key topics and requirements

  • Scope: Preparation of baked test pieces from compacted ramming pastes and determination of mass loss after baking for subsequent property tests (e.g., apparent density, crushing strength, porosity).
  • Apparatus:
    • Balance accurate to 0.1 g.
    • Electrically heated muffle or chamber furnace with temperature control.
    • Baking container with cover made of heat‑resistant steel (example: X15CrNiSi2521), with at least 10 mm spacing between specimens and container walls.
    • Packing material: electrographite or calcined petroleum coke, maximum particle size 1 mm.
    • Temperature‑measuring device (thermocouple type K or S) capable of ±5 °C accuracy up to 1 000 °C, calibrated per ASTM E 220.
  • Baking program:
    • Heat from room temperature to 500 °C at 35 ± 5 °C·h−1.
    • Continue from 500 °C to 1 000 °C at 100 ± 10 °C·h−1.
    • Hold at 1 000 ± 10 °C for 2 hours, then cool to room temperature.
  • Measurement & calculation: Measure specimen mass before and after baking to 0.1 g. Calculate loss on baking as the relative mass loss: (mass before − mass after) / mass before × 100%, rounded to the nearest 0.1 % (absolute).
  • Precision: Repeatability r = 0.9 % (absolute); reproducibility R = 2.3 % (absolute). Variability of materials influences precision.
  • Reporting: Test reports must reference ISO 20202, identify the sample, record specimen preparation temperature, results (loss on baking), test date, and note any unusual features or deviations.

Practical applications

  • Routine quality control of cold/tepid ramming pastes in aluminium smelters and refractory manufacturing.
  • Preparation of standardized baked specimens for downstream tests (apparent density, crushing strength, porosity) used in product development and acceptance testing.
  • Comparative evaluation of raw materials, paste formulations and baking behavior for process optimization and failure investigation.

Who should use this standard

  • Materials and metallurgical laboratories in the aluminium industry
  • QA/QC engineers at smelters and foundries
  • Refractory manufacturers and suppliers of carbonaceous ramming pastes
  • Research organizations studying refractory performance and paste formulations

Related standards

  • ISO 14422 (sampling of cold‑ramming pastes)
  • ISO 14427 (preparation of unbaked specimens and apparent density)
  • ISO 4955 (heat‑resisting steels)
  • ISO 5725‑2 (precision of measurement methods)
  • ASTM E 220 (thermocouple calibration)

Keywords: ISO 20202:2004, loss on baking, carbonaceous materials, cold ramming pastes, aluminium production, baked test specimens, ramming paste testing.

Standard

ISO 20202:2004 - Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium — Cold and tepid ramming pastes — Preparation of baked test pieces and determination of loss on baking Released:7/16/2004

English language
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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 20202:2004 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Cold and tepid ramming pastes - Preparation of baked test pieces and determination of loss on baking". This standard covers: ISO 20202:2004 describes a method of baking green test specimens made by compacting carbonaceous ramming pastes. It includes the baking procedure (heating rate and holding time) and the determination of the loss on baking (relative mass loss).

ISO 20202:2004 describes a method of baking green test specimens made by compacting carbonaceous ramming pastes. It includes the baking procedure (heating rate and holding time) and the determination of the loss on baking (relative mass loss).

ISO 20202:2004 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.100.10 - Materials for aluminium production. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

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Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20202
First edition
2004-07-15
Carbonaceous materials used in the
production of aluminium — Cold and
tepid ramming pastes — Preparation of
baked test pieces and determination of
loss on baking
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Pâtes de
brasquage froides et tièdes — Préparation d'éprouvettes cuites et
détermination de la perte à la cuisson

Reference number
©
ISO 2004
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20202 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 47, Chemistry, Subcommittee SC 7, Aluminium
oxide, cryolite, aluminium fluoride, sodium fluoride, carbonaceous products for the aluminium industry.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20202:2004(E)

Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium —
Cold and tepid ramming pastes — Preparation of baked test
pieces and determination of loss on baking
1 Scope
This International Standard describes a method of baking green test specimens made by compacting
carbonaceous ramming pastes. It includes the baking procedure (heating rate and holding time) and the
determination of the loss on baking (relative mass loss).
Baked test specimens of ramming paste need to be prepared for the determination of properties after baking,
for instance apparent density, crushing strength and porosity.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4955, Heat-resisting steels and alloys
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results —
...

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