ISO 12981-1:2000
(Main)Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Calcined coke - Determination of the reactivity to carbon dioxide - Part 1: Loss in mass method
Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Calcined coke - Determination of the reactivity to carbon dioxide - Part 1: Loss in mass method
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Coke calciné — Détermination de la réactivité au dioxyde de carbone — Partie 1: Méthode par perte de masse
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 01-Nov-2000
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 226 - Materials for the production of primary aluminium
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 226 - Materials for the production of primary aluminium
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 29-Oct-2023
- Completion Date
- 13-Dec-2025
Overview
ISO 12981-1:2000 specifies a laboratory loss-in-mass method to determine the reactivity of calcined petroleum coke to carbon dioxide (CO2). This test evaluates mass loss when a standardized 5 g coke sample (grain size 1.0–1.4 mm) is exposed to a CO2 stream at 1 000 °C for ~100 minutes. The measured mass loss is reported as the reactivity to carbon dioxide (%), a key property for materials used to manufacture aluminium anodes.
Key SEO phrases: ISO 12981-1, calcined coke, reactivity to carbon dioxide, loss in mass method, CO2 reactivity test, aluminium anodes.
Key topics and requirements
- Test principle: Oxidation of carbon by CO2 (C + CO2 → 2 CO) and determination of mass loss.
- Sample: 5.00 ± 0.01 g of sieved material (1.0–1.4 mm). Sample preparation includes sieving (ISO 12984), mixing, oil removal (if present) using dichloromethane per ISO 8723, and drying at 110 °C to constant mass.
- Apparatus:
- Vertical single-zone tube furnace capable of 20 °C → 1000 °C in <1 h and holding (1000 ± 3) °C.
- Quartz tube reactor assembly with fritted disc and K-type thermocouple (chromel–alumel) for temperature control.
- CO2 supply ≥ 99.9% purity with specified impurity limits; flow control at 50 L/h (flow meter full scale 60 L/h, accuracy better than ±2%).
- Pressure regulation to ~0.2 MPa.
- Procedure:
- Calibrate apparatus weekly or after maintenance using a certified calibration standard (~10% reactivity).
- Expose sample to CO2 at set conditions, cool, and weigh residue to 0.001 g.
- Calculate reactivity as percentage mass loss: reactivity (%) = [(m0 − m1) / m0] × 100.
- Quality & precision:
- Repeatability (r): 7% (relative)
- Reproducibility (R): 15% (relative), based on an interlaboratory study (ISO 5725-2).
- Reporting: Include sample ID, method reference, date, results, unusual observations, deviations, and calibration standard details.
Applications and users
- Used by aluminium producers, anode manufacturers, laboratory analysts, quality control teams, and raw-material suppliers to:
- Assess coke suitability for aluminium anode production.
- Control product quality and comparability between batches.
- Support R&D on anode performance and CO2 reactivity behavior.
- Helpful for procurement specifications and regulatory or certification testing where CO2 reactivity is a critical property.
Related standards
- ISO 12981-2 (Thermogravimetric method)
- ISO 6375 (Sampling of coke)
- ISO 8723 (Oil content - solvent extraction)
- ISO 12984 (Particle size distribution)
- ISO 383 (Glassware joints) and ISO 5725-2 (Precision evaluation)
For labs seeking reproducible CO2 reactivity data for calcined coke, ISO 12981-1 provides a standardized, well-documented loss-in-mass test method aligned with industry practice.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 12981-1:2000 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Calcined coke - Determination of the reactivity to carbon dioxide - Part 1: Loss in mass method". This standard covers: Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Calcined coke - Determination of the reactivity to carbon dioxide - Part 1: Loss in mass method
Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Calcined coke - Determination of the reactivity to carbon dioxide - Part 1: Loss in mass method
ISO 12981-1:2000 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.100.10 - Materials for aluminium production. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12981-1
First edition
2000-11-01
Carbonaceous materials used in the
production of aluminium — Calcined
coke — Determination of the reactivity
to carbon dioxide —
Part 1:
Loss in mass method
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium —
Coke calciné — Détermination de la réactivité au dioxyde de carbone —
Partie 1: Méthode par perte de masse
Reference number
©
ISO 2000
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ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Principle.1
4 Reagent.1
5 Apparatus .2
6 Sampling.5
7 Preparation of test sample.6
8 Procedure .6
9 Expression of results .7
10 Precision.7
11 Test report .7
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 12981 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 12981-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 47, Chemistry, Subcommittee
SC 7, Aluminium oxide, cryolite, aluminium fluoride, sodium fluoride, carbonaceous products for the aluminium
industry.
ISO 12981 consists of the following parts, under the general title Carbonaceous materials used in the production of
aluminium — Calcined coke — Determination of the reactivity to carbon dioxide:
� Part 1: Loss in mass method
� Part 2: Thermogravimetric method
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The reactivity of a calcined coke to carbon dioxide is assessed by determining the loss in mass of a sample
exposed in accordance with the following chemical reaction:
C� CO �2CO
This determination allows an assessment of the later anode reactivity to carbon dioxide in the electrolysis cell.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12981-1:2000(E)
Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium —
Calcined coke — Determination of the reactivity to carbon
dioxide —
Part 1:
Loss in mass method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12981 specifies a method for the determination, by a loss in mass method, of the reactivity of
calcined petroleum coke, used in the manufacture of anodes for the production of aluminium, to carbon dioxide.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 12981. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12981 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 383, Laboratory glassware — Interchangeable conical ground joints.
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method for
the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method.
ISO 6375, Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium — Coke for electrodes — Sampling.
ISO 8723, Carbonaceous materials for the production of a
...
ISO 12981-1:2000 is a standard that provides guidance for determining the reactivity to carbon dioxide of calcined coke, a carbonaceous material used in the production of aluminium. The standard specifies a loss in mass method for this determination.










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