ISO 1170:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1170
Fourth edition
2020-09
Coal and coke — Calculation of
analyses to different bases
Charbon et coke — Calculs pour les analyses par rapport à
différentes bases
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normatives references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Symbols . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Calculations for coal analyses . 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Procedure . 2
5.3 Carbon . 3
5.4 Hydrogen . 3
5.5 Nitrogen . 3
5.6 Sulfur . 3
5.7 Oxygen . 4
5.8 Chlorine . 4
5.9 Volatile matter . 4
5.10 Net calorific value . 5
6 Calculations for coke analyses . 5
7 Table for calculation to different bases . 5
Annex A (informative) Mineral matter . 6
Bibliography . 7
Foreword
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iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Coal and coke, Subcommittee SC 5,
Methods of analysis.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 1170:2013), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. This edition includes the following changes compared to the previous edition:
— updating of referenced documents;
— adding Terms and Definitions to form Clause 3 “Terms, Definitions and Symbols”
— use of “mass fraction” instead of “content”;
— converting Annex A from normative to informative.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1170:2020(E)
Coal and coke — Calculation of analyses to different bases
1 Scope
This document gives equations that allow analytical data relating to coal and coke to be expressed on
the various different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be applied to
certain determined values for coal prior to their calculation to other bases.
2 Normatives references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 602, Coal — Determination of mineral matter
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.2 Symbols
The symbols used in the subsequent clauses are as follows, with suffixes (separated by a comma)
“ad” (air-dried), “ar” (as-received), “d” (dry), “daf” (dry, ash-free) or “dmmf” (dry, mineral-matter-free)
where appropriate.
w ash, expressed as percent mass fraction
A
w carbon mass fraction, expressed as percent
C
w chlorine mass fraction, expressed as percent
Cl
w inorganic chlorine mass fraction, expressed as percent
Cl,inorg
w carbon dioxide mass fraction, expressed as percent
CO
w hydrogen mass fraction, excluding hydrogen in the moisture, but including the hydrogen from
H
water of hydration in minerals, expressed as percent
w moisture mass fraction, expressed as percent
H O
w water of hydration in the mineral matter mass fraction, expressed as percent
h
w mineral matter mass fraction, expressed as percent (see Annex A)
MM
w nitrogen mass fraction, expressed as percent
N
w oxygen mass fraction, excluding oxygen in the moisture but including the oxygen from water
O
of hydration in minerals, expressed as percent
w organic sulfur mass fraction, expressed as percent
S,o
w pyritic sulfur mass fraction, expressed as percent
S,p
w sulfate sulfur mass fraction, expressed as percent
S,s
w total sulfur mass fraction, expressed as percent
S,T
w volatile matter mass fraction, expressed as percent
V
F national correction factor for the estimation of the inorganic chlorine mass fraction
Cl
F national correction factor for the estimation of water of hydration
h
F national correction factor for the estimation of the mineral matter (see Annex A)
MM
4 Principle
In order to convert an analytical result expressed on one basis to another basis, it is multiplied by a factor
calculated from the appropriate formulae (see Table 1) after insertion of the requisite numerical values.
5 Calculations for coal analyses
5.1 General
In International Standards covering the analysis of coal, it is generally specified that the determination
shall be carried out on an air-dried test sample. However, in making use of these analyses, it is
sometimes necessary to express or report the results on some other basis. The bases in common use
are “air-dried”, “as-received”, “dry”, “dry, ash-free”, and “dry, mineral-matter-free”.
5.2 Procedure
Any analytical value (except net calorific value) on a particular basis may be converted to any other
basis by multiplying it by the appropriate factor calculated from the formulae given in Table 1, after
insertion of the requisite numerical values for the symbols (for determination of moisture, see ISO 589,
ISO 5068-1, ISO 5068-2 or ISO 11722 (as appropriate); for ash, see ISO 1171).
However, in some determinations, there is a direct involvement of the mineral matter and, in these
cases, it is essential to apply a correction to the air-dried result prior to its calculation to the dry,
mineral-matter-free basis. This correction is dependent on the nature, as well as the quantity, of the
mineral matter present. The mineral matter is determined using ISO 602. If it is not possible or not
desired to determine the mineral matter for any given sample, the formula recommended by the
national standards organization of the country of origin of the sample should be used and should be
quoted in full, together with the analysis. An example for a formula and further explanations are given
in Annex A. All the determinations that may be expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis are
considered individually below.
If it is necessary to calculate an analytical result expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis
back to any other basis, then it is essential that any correction deducted during the application of any
Formulae (1) to (10) inclusive be added back to the dry, mineral-matter-free value before applying the
appropriate formula from Table 1.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

5.3 Carbon
Total carbon, as determined in coal, comprises both organic carbon and carbonate carbon in the mineral
matter. It is reported on the air-dried basis (see ISO 609, ISO 625, or ISO 29541). In order to convert
the total carbon mass fraction as analysed to a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, subtract the carbonate
carbon before the conversion as given in Formula (1):
w =−(0w ,273 w )× (1)
ad
C,dmmf C,ad CO ,
100−+()w w
HO,ad MM,ad
where 100 is the conversion factor from dimensionless fraction to percent.
5.4 Hydrogen
The hydrogen mass fraction reported on the air-dried basis includes the hydrogen of the coal substance
and the hydrogen present (as water) in the mineral matter (see ISO 609, ISO 625 or ISO 29541). The
hydrogen present as moisture in the air-dried sample shall be deducted before reporting w . Before
H.ad
calculating the hydrogen of the coal substance to a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, it is also necessary to
deduct the hydrogen of the mineral matter as given in Formula (2):
w
h,ad
w =−(w )× (2)
H,dmmf H,ad
9 100−+()w w
HO,ad MM,ad
where 100 is the conversion factor from dimensionless fraction to percent.
Since the water of hydration in the mineral matt
...