ISO/IEC 29109-5:2011

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 29109-5
First edition
2011-04-01
Information technology — Conformance
testing methodology for biometric data
interchange formats defined in
ISO/IEC 19794 —
Part 5:
Face image data
Technologies de l'information — Méthodologie d'essai de conformité
pour les formats d'interéchange de données biométriques définis dans
l'ISO/CEI 19794 —
Partie 5: Données d'image de la face

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2011
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO/IEC 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .1
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms.2
6 Conformance testing methodology.2
6.1 Overview.2
6.2 Table of requirements in the base standard.2
6.3 ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Level 1 and 2 test assertions.9
Bibliography.25

Tables
Table 1 — Requirements of the Base Standard (ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005) .2
Table 2 — Conformance Test Assertions for ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Generic All Type Images.11
Table 3 — Conformance Test Assertions for ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Basic Type Images.15
Table 4 — Conformance Test Assertions for ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Full Frontal Images .18
Table 5 — Conformance Test Assertions for ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Token Frontal Images .21

© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 29109-5 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
ISO/IEC 29109 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Conformance
testing methodology for biometric data interchange formats defined in ISO/IEC 19794:
⎯ Part 1: Generalized conformance testing methodology
⎯ Part 2: Finger minutiae data
⎯ Part 4: Finger image data
⎯ Part 5: Face image data
⎯ Part 6: Iris image data
⎯ Part 7: Signature/sign time series data
⎯ Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data
⎯ Part 9: Vascular image data
⎯ Part 10: Hand geometry silhouette data
The following part is under preparation:
⎯ Part 14: DNA data
Finger pattern spectral data, signature/sign processed dynamic data, and voice data will form the subjects of
future parts.
iv © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Introduction
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 specifies a data record interchange format for storing, recording, and transmitting one
or more face images within a Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework (CBEFF) data structure.
Each image is accompanied by subject-specific and image-specific metadata contained in a header record.
This part of ISO/IEC 29109 establishes tests for checking the correctness of the binary record.
The objective of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 cannot be completely achieved until biometric products can be tested
to determine whether they conform to those specifications. Conforming implementations are a necessary
prerequisite for achieving interoperability among implementations; therefore there is a need for a standardized
conformance testing methodology, test assertions, and test procedures as applicable to specific modalities
addressed by each part of ISO/IEC 19794. The test assertions will cover as much as practical of the ISO/IEC
19794 requirements (covering the most critical features), so that the conformity results produced by the test
suites will reflect the real degree of conformity of the implementations to ISO/IEC 19794 data interchange
format records. This is the motivation for the development of this conformance testing methodology.
This part of ISO/IEC 29109 supports those applications that require use of face image data according to
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005. It defines a testing methodology to assure conformance of a vendor's application or
service to the base ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 specification. Thus this part of ISO/IEC 29109 is intended to:
⎯ establish elements of the Conformance Testing Methodology framework that are specific to the Face
Image-based Data Record requirements of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 conformance testing,
⎯ define requirements and guidelines for specifying conformance test suites and related test methods for
measuring conformity of products and services to the Face Image-based Data Record requirements of
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005, and
⎯ define test procedures to be followed before, during, and after conformance testing.
This part of ISO/IEC 29109 is applicable to the development and use of conformity test method specifications,
conformity test suites for ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 records, and conformance testing programs for ISO/IEC
19794-5:2005 conformant products. It is intended primarily for use by testing organizations, but can be applied
by developers and users of test method specifications and test method implementations.

© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 29109-5:2011(E)

Information technology — Conformance testing methodology
for biometric data interchange formats defined in
ISO/IEC 19794 —
Part 5:
Face image data
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 29109 specifies elements of conformance testing methodology, test assertions, and test
procedures as applicable to the ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 biometric data interchange format standard for face
image data.
This part of ISO/IEC 29109 establishes
⎯ test assertions of the structure of the face image data format as specified in ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 (Type
A Level 1 as defined in ISO/IEC 29109-1:2009),
⎯ test assertions of internal consistency by checking the types of values that can be contained within each
field (Type A Level 2 as defined in ISO/IEC 29109-1:2009),
⎯ tests of semantic assertions (Type A Level 3 as defined in ISO/IEC 29109-1:2009).
This part of ISO/IEC 29109 does not establish
⎯ tests of conformance of CBEFF structures required by ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005,
⎯ tests of consistency with the input biometric data record (Level 3),
⎯ tests of conformance of the image data to the quality-related specifications of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005,
⎯ tests of conformance of the image data blocks to the respective JPEG or JPEG 2000 standards,
⎯ tests of other characteristics of biometric products or other types of testing of biometric products (e.g.
acceptance, performance, robustness, security),
⎯ tests of conformance of 3D face records defined in ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd.2.
2 Conformance
Biometric data interchange format conformance tests conform to this part of ISO/IEC 29109 if they satisfy all
of the normative requirements related to Clause 6. Specifically, they shall use the test methodology specified
in Clauses 6, 7 and 8 of ISO/IEC 29109-1:2009, and all Level 1 and Level 2 tests shall use the assertions
defined in Table 2 in this part of ISO/IEC 29109.
Implementations of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 tested according to the methodology specified shall be able to
claim conformance only to those Biometric Data Record (BDR) requirements specified in
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 that are tested by the test methods established by this methodology.
Implementations of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 do not necessarily need to conform to all possible aspects of
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005, but only to those ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 requirements that are claimed to be
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 1

supported by the implementation in an Implementation Conformance Statement, filled out in accordance with
Clause 8 of ISO/IEC 29109-1:2009 and Table 1 in this part of ISO/IEC 29109.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005, Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image
data
ISO/IEC 29109-1:2009, Information technology — Conformance testing methodology for biometric data
interchange formats defined in ISO/IEC 19794 — Part 1: Generalized conformance testing methodology
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 29109-1 apply.
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 29109-1 apply.
6 Conformance testing methodology
6.1 Overview
The testing methodology specified in Clauses 6, 7 and 8 of ISO/IEC 29109-1:2009 apply. The content of the
tables below is based on the conformance testing methodology outlined in ISO/IEC 29109-1 and shall only be
used in the context of that testing methodology.
6.2 Table of requirements in the base standard
The normative requirements of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 are listed in Table 1. The supplier of the IUT can
explain which optional components of the standard are supported and the testing laboratory can note the
results of the test.
Under subformat applicability the columns labelled B, F and T indicate the Basic, Full Frontal and Token
Frontal image types.
Table 1 — Requirements of the Base Standard (ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005)
Require- Ref. in Requirement Summary Level Status Subformat IUT Supported Test
ment ID Base Applicability Support Range Result
Std
B F T
R-1 5.2.1 Within the record format and all well-defined data blocks therein, all 1 M Y Y Y
multi-byte quantities are [implied shall] stored in Big-Endian format. That
is, the more significant bytes of any multi-byte quantity are stored at
lower addresses in memory than less significant bytes. For example, the
value 1025 (2 to the 10th power plus one) would be stored as first byte=
00000100 and second byte=00000001.

R-2 5.2.2 Numeric Values 1 M Y Y Y
All numeric values are fixed-length unsigned integer quantities, unless
otherwise specified.
R-3 5.4.1 Format Identifier 1 M Y Y Y
The (4 byte) Format Identifier shall consist of three ASCII characters
“FAC” followed by a zero byte as a NULL string terminator to identify the
record format as the face record format.
2 © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Require- Ref. in Requirement Summary Level Status Subformat IUT Supported Test
ment ID Base Applicability Support Range Result
Std
B F T
R-4 5.4.2 Version Number 1 M Y Y Y
The (4 byte) Version Number block shall consist of three ASCII numerals
followed by a zero byte as a NULL string terminator.
The first and second character will represent the major version number
and the third character will represent the minor revision number.
The version number of this specification shall be 0x30313000; “010” –
Version 1 revision 0.
R-5 5.4.3 Length of Record 2 M Y Y Y
The (4 byte) Record Length Block shall be the combined length in bytes
for the record. This is the entire length of the record including the Facial
Record Header and Facial Record Data.
R-6 5.4.4 Number of Facial Images 2 M Y Y Y
The (2 byte) Number of Facial Images block shall be the number of facial
images included in the record.

R-7 5.5 The Facial Information block 2 M-2 Y Y Y
The (20 byte) Facial Information block is intended to describe discrete
properties of the individual discernable from the image, one is included
for each facial image included in the record. The structure of this block is
shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 2.
Zero or more Facial Feature blocks, one Image Information block, and
one Image Data block follow this block.

R-8 5.5.1 Facial Record Data Length 2 M Y Y Y
The (4 byte) Facial Record Data Length field denotes the sum of the
lengths of the Facial Information block, the Feature Point block(s), the
Image Information block, and the Image Data block.
The minimum value of the Facial Record Data Length is 32 bytes plus
the size of the Image Data block (in bytes).

R-9 5.5.2 Number of Feature Points 2 M Y Y Y
The (2 byte) Number of Feature Points block shall be the number of
Feature Point blocks that follow the Facial Information block. The
Feature Point block is defined in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] clause 5.6.

R-10 5.5.3 Gender 1 M Y Y Y
The (1 byte) Gender block shall be specified in accordance with
[ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 3.
R-11 5.5.4 Eye Colour 1 M Y Y Y
The (1 byte) Eye Colour field shall represent the colour of irises of the
eyes according to [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 4. If the eyes are
different colours, then right eye colour is to be encoded.
R-12 5.5.5 Hair Colour 1 M Y Y Y
The (1 byte) Hair Colour field shall represent the colour of the hair
according to the [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 5.

R-13 5.5.6 Property Mask 2 M Y Y Y
The (3 byte) Property Mask is a bit mask of 3 bytes and each bit of the
mask position listed in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 6 shall be set to 1
if the corresponding property is present, and set to 0 if absent. The mask
position starts from 0 at the lowest bit. The lowest bit set to 0 shall
indicate that properties are not specified; the lowest bit set to 1 shall
indicate that all listed properties have been considered and that a zero
value of any property bit indicates an absence of that property.
Note that a Blink flag set to “1” will indicate non-compliance with the
Frontal, Full Frontal, and Token image types.
R-14 5.5.7 Expression 1 M Y Y Y
The (2 byte) Expression field shall represent the expression of the face
according to [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 7.

R-15 5.5.8 Pose Angle 3C O-1 Y Y Y
The (3 multi-byte) Pose Angle field (B , B , B ) shall represent the
Y P R
estimate or measure pose of the subject in the image. Each byte in the
field respectively represents pose angles of yaw, pitch and roll in that
order. The pose angle is given by Tait-Bryan angles.
• Yaw angle: Rotation about the vertical (y) axis.
• Pitch angle: Rotation about the horizontal side-to-side (x) horizontal
axis.
• Roll angle: Rotation about the horizontal back to front (z) axis.
The angles are defined relative to the frontal view of the subject, which
has angles (0,0,0) as shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 4. The
examples are shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 5.
As order of the successive rotation around the different axes does
matter, the encoded rotation angle shall correspond to an order of
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 3

Require- Ref. in Requirement Summary Level Status Subformat IUT Supported Test
ment ID Base Applicability Support Range Result
Std
B F T
execution starting from the frontal view. This order shall be given by Roll
(about the front axis), then Pitch (about the horizontal axis) and finally
Yaw (about the vertical axis). The (first executed) Roll transformation will
therefore always be in the image (x,y) plane.
From the point of view of executing a transformation from the observed
view to a frontal view, the transformation order will therefore be Yaw,
Pitch, and then Roll. Note however that the encoded angle is from the
frontal view to the observed view.
R-16 5.5.8.1 Pose Angle – Yaw 1 M Y Y Y
The yaw angle Y is the rotation in degrees about the y-axis (vertical axis)
shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 4. Frontal faces have a yaw
angle of 0 degrees. Positive angles represent faces looking to their left (a
counter-clockwise rotation around the y-axis).
The encoding B of the yaw angle Y shall be in degrees as a byte (1
Y
byte) with values from –180 to 180 modulo 2.
If 180 ≥ Y ≥ 0 then B = Y/2+1. The remainder is discarded.
Y
If -180 ≤ Y < 0 then B = 181+Y/2. The remainder is discarded.
Y
The maximum value of B is 181. If the pose angle is not specified, the
Y
value of B shall be 0.
Y
R-17 5.5.8.2 Pose Angle – Pitch 1 M Y Y Y
The pitch angle is the rotation in degrees about the x-axis (horizontal
axis) shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 4. Frontal faces have a
pitch angle of 0 degrees. Positive angles represent faces looking down
(a counterclockwise rotation around the x-axis).
The encoding B of the yaw angle P shall be in degrees as a byte (1
P
byte) with values from –180 to 180 modulo 2.
· If 180 ≥ P ≥ 0 and then B = P/2+1. The remainder is discarded.
P
· If -180 ≤ P < 0 and then B = 181+P/2. The remainder is discarded.
P
The maximum value of B is 181. If the pitch angle is not specified, the
P
value of B shall be 0.
P
R-18 5.5.8.3 Pose Angle – Roll 1 M Y Y Y
The roll angle is the rotation in degrees about the z-axis (the horizontal
axis from front to back) shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 4.
Frontal faces have a roll angle of 0 degrees. Positive angles represent
faces tilted toward their right shoulder (counter-clockwise rotation around
the z-axis).
The encoding B of the yaw angle R shall be in degrees as a byte (1
R
byte) with values from –180 to 180 modulo 2.
· If 180 ≥ R ≥ 0 and then B = R/2+1. The remainder is discarded.
R
· If -180 ≤ R < 0 and then B = 181+R/2. The remainder is discarded.
R
The maximum value of B is 181. If the roll angle is not specified, the
R
value of B shall be 0.
R
R-19 5.5.9 Pose Angle Uncertainty 1 M Y Y Y
The (3 multi-byte) Pose Angle Uncertainty (U , U , U ) represents the
Y P R
expected degree of accuracy of the pose angle yaw, pitch, and roll. Each
byte in the field respectively represents the uncertainty of yaw, pitch and
roll in that order. The uncertainty is allowed to represent experimental
uncertainty specified by each vendor.
The encoding of Pose Angle Uncertainty is given by bytes (U , U , U )
Y P R
where each byte U in the field (k=Y,P,R) represents 1 degree of
K
uncertainty with minimum and maximum values of 1 and 181 where
U =(uncertainty+1). The more uncertain, the value of the uncertainty U
K K
shall become larger. If the uncertainty is not specified, then the values of
U , U and U shall be set to zero (0).
Y P R
R-20 5.6 The Feature Point Block 1 M N Y Y
The optional (8 byte) Feature Point block specifies the type, code and
position of a Feature Point in the facial image. The number of Feature
Point blocks shall be specified in the Number of Feature Points field of
the Facial Information Block. The structure of this block is shown in
[ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 8.
R-21 5.6.1 Feature Point Type 1 M N Y Y
The (1 byte) Feature Point Type field represents the type of the Feature
Point stored in the Feature Point block. This field shall be set to 0x01 to
denote that the position of the Feature Point is represented by the
coordinate of the image. All other field values are reserved for future
definition of Feature Point types.
4 © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Require- Ref. in Requirement Summary Level Status Subformat IUT Supported Test
ment ID Base Applicability Support Range Result
Std
B F T
R-22 5.6.2 Feature Point Code 1 M N Y Y
The (1 byte) Feature Point Code field shall specify the Feature Point that
is stored in the Feature Point block. The codes of the Feature Points in
[ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] clause 5.6.3, taken from the MPEG4 standard
and defined as MPEG4 Feature Points, or the additional eye and nostril
Feature Points in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] clause 5.6.4 shall be stored in
this block.
Each Feature Point code is represented by a notation A.B using a major
(A) and a minor (B) value. The encoding of the Feature Point code is
given by the (1 byte) value of A*16 + B.
R-23 5.6.3 MPEG4 Feature Points 3C O-1 N Y Y
[ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 6 denotes the Feature Point codes
associated with Feature Points as given by Annex C of ISO/IEC 14496-2

R-24 5.6.4 Eye and nostril centre Feature Points 3C O-1 N Y Y
The eye centre Feature Points 12.1 (left) and 12.2 (right) are defined to
be the horizontal and vertical midpoints of the eye corners (3.7, 3.11)
and (3.8, 3.12) respectively. The left nostril centre Feature Point 12.3 is
defined to be the midpoint of the nose Feature Points (9.1, 9.15) in the
horizontal direction and (9.3,9.15) in the vertical direction. Similarly, the
right nostril centre Feature Point 12.4 is defined to be the midpoint of the
nose Feature Points (9.2, 9.15) in the horizontal direction and (9.3,9.15)
in the vertical direction. Both the eye centre and nostril centre Feature
Points are shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 7 and values given
in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 9.
R-25 5.7 The Image Information Block 2 M-2 Y Y Y
The (16 byte) Image Information block is intended to describe digital
properties of the facial image, one is included for each facial image
included in the record. The structure of this block is shown in [ISO/IEC
19794-5:2005] Figure 2. One Image Data block shall follow this block.

R-26 5.7.1 Face Image Type 1 M Y Y Y
The Face Image Type field shall represent the type of the facial image
stored in the Image Data Block according to [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005]
Table 10. Note that all Frontal Image Types are either Full Frontal or
Token Frontal. Therefore a separate Frontal Value is not required.
The Basic Face Image Type is defined in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] clause
6. The Frontal, Frontal/Full and Frontal/Token Face Image Types are
defined in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] clauses 7, 8, and 9 respectively. Face
Image Types use the notion of inheritance. For example, the Frontal
Face Image Type inherits all of the requirements of the Basic Face
Image Type - the Frontal Face Image type obeys all normative
requirements of the Basic Face Image Type. The inheritance structure of
currently defined image types is shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure
8.
R-27 5.7.2 Image Data Type 2 M Y Y Y
The (1 byte) Image Data Type field denotes the encoding type of the
Image Data block. Either JPEG (ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.81)
or JPEG2000 (ISO/IEC 15444-1) shall be specified. Note that a
“Unspecified” Value cannot be encoded.

R-28 5.7.3 Width 2 M Y Y Y
The (2-byte) Width field shall specify the number of pixels in the
horizontal direction.
R-29 5.7.4 Height 2 M Y Y Y
The (2-byte) Height field shall specify the number of pixels in the vertical
direction.
R-30 5.7.5 Image Colour Space 2 M Y Y Y
The (1 byte) Image Colour Space field indicates the colour space used in
the encoded Image Data block according to the values in [ISO/IEC
19794-5:2005] Table 12. The values of 128-255 are vendor specific.
Application developers may obtain the values for these codes from the
vendor.
R-31 5.7.6 Source Type 1 M Y Y Y
The (1 byte) Source Type field denotes the classification of the source of
the captured image and is given in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 13.

R-32 5.7.7 Device Type 1 M Y Y Y
The (2 byte) Device Type field denotes the vendor specific capture
device type ID. A value of all zeros will be acceptable and will indicate
that the capture device type ID is unspecified. Application developers
may obtain the values for these codes from the vendor.
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 5

Require- Ref. in Requirement Summary Level Status Subformat IUT Supported Test
ment ID Base Applicability Support Range Result
Std
B F T
R-33 5.7.8 Quality 1 M Y Y Y
The (2 byte) Quality field shall be reserved for future definition to
represent a quality of the facial image. This field shall be set to the value
0 indicating “unspecified”.
R-34 5.8.1 Data structure 2 M Y Y Y
The (variable byte) Image Data block shall be the image data encoded
by either the JPEG or JPEG2000 standards.
Basic Face Image Type
R-35 6.2 Image data encoding requirements for the Basic Face Image Type 2 M Y Y Y
One of two possible encodings is to be used for all image types (Basic)
1) The JPEG Sequential baseline (ISO/IEC 10918-1) mode of operation
and encoded in the JFIF file format (the JPEG file format)
2) The JPEG-2000 Part-1 Code Stream Format (ISO/IEC 15444-1) and
encoded in the JP2 file format (the JPEG2000 file format).
R-36 6.4.1 Facial Header [for the Basic Face Image Type] 1 M Y Y Y
The Format Identifier, Version Number, Length of Record, and Number
of Faces fields shall be specified.

R-37 6.4.2 Facial Information [for the Basic Face Image Type] 1 M Y Y Y
The Block Length and Number of Feature Points fields shall be specified.
R-38 6.4.3 Image Information [for the Basic Face Image Type] 1 M Y Y Y
The Face Image Type field shall be specified with value 0x00.
R-39 6.4.3 The Image Data Type, Width, and Height fields shall be specified. 1 M Y Y Y
The Frontal Face Image Type
R-40 7.2.2 Pose 3C O-1 N Y Y
Thus, the full-face frontal pose shall be used. Rotation of the head shall
be less than ±5° from frontal in pitch and yaw (see 5.5.8). Pose
variations that lead to an in-plane rotation of the head can be more easily
compensated by automated face recognition systems. Therefore, the
rotation of the head shall be less than ±8° from frontal in roll (see 5.5.8).
[ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure Cor.1.1 shows an example of ±8°
rotation in roll.
The best practice recommendation as outlined in A.2.2 is that the
rotation of the head should be less than ±5° from frontal in roll.
This constraint refers to the pose of the subject associated with the face
image format data for all applications that call for this format to be used.
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 2 Published 2008-07-01]
R-41 7.2.4 Assistance in positioning the face 3C O-1 N Y Y
In no cases will any other face be captured in the Frontal image. See
informative annex A.2 for best practices on this topic.

R-42 7.2.5 Shoulders 3C O-1 N Y Y
Shoulders shall be “square on” to the camera. “Portrait style”
photographs where the subject is looking over one shoulder are not
acceptable.
R-43 7.2.7 Subject and scene lighting 3C O-1 N Y Y
Lighting shall be equally distributed on the face.
R-44 7.2.7 There shall be no significant direction of the light from the point of view of 3C O-1 N Y Y
the photographer, as further described in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005]
clauses 7.2.8 and 7.2.9
R-45 7.2.8 Shadows over the face 3C O-1 N Y Y
The region of the face, from the crown (as defined in section 4.6) to the
base of the chin, and from ear-to-ear, shall be clearly visible and free of
shadows.
R-46 7.2.8 Special care shall be taken in cases when veils, scarves or headdresses 3C O-1 N Y Y
cannot be removed for religious reasons to ensure these coverings do
not obscure any facial features and do not generate shadow. In all other
cases head coverings shall be absent .

R-47 7.2.9 Shadows in eye-sockets 3C O-1 N Y Y
There shall be no dark shadows in the eye-sockets due to the brow.

R-48 7.2.9 The iris and pupil of the eyes shall be clearly visible. 3C O-1 N Y Y

R-49 7.2.10 Hot Spots 3C O-1 N Y Y
Care shall be taken to avoid "hot spots" (bright areas of light shining on
the face). These artefacts are typically caused when one, high intensity,
focused light source is used for illumination.
6 © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Require- Ref. in Requirement Summary Level Status Subformat IUT Supported Test
ment ID Base Applicability Support Range Result
Std
B F T
R-50 7.2.10 Instead, diffused lighting, multiple balanced sources or other lighting 3C O-1 N Y Y
methods shall be used.
A single bare “point” light source is not acceptable for imaging. Instead,
the illumination should be accomplished using other methods that meet
requirements specified in this [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] clause.
R-51 7.2.11 Eye Glasses 3C O-1 N Y Y
If the person normally wears glasses then they should wear glasses
when their photograph is taken. Glasses shall be clear glass and
transparent so the eye pupils and irises are clearly visible.
R-52 7.2.11 Permanently tinted glasses or sunglasses are acceptable only for 3C O-1 N Y Y
medical reasons (and shall otherwise be removed). In cases where
tinted glasses or sunglasses are worn, the specification of dark glasses
in the header structure is recommended.
R-53 7.2.11 Care shall be taken that the glasses frames do not obscure the eyes. 3C O-1 N Y Y
R-54 7.2.11 There shall be no lighting artefacts or flash reflections on glasses. This 3C O-1 N Y Y
can typically be achieved by increasing the angle between the lighting,
subject and camera to 45º (degrees) or more.

R-55 7.2.12 Eye Patches 3C O-1 N Y Y
The wearing of eye patches is allowed only for medical reasons. In these
cases, the specification of the patch, in the header structure is
recommended.
R-56 7.3.2 No Over or Under Exposure 3C O-1 N Y Y
For each patch of skin on the person’s face, the gradations in textures
shall be clearly visible. In this sense, there will be no saturation (over or
under exposure) on the face.
R-57 7.3.3 Focus and Depth of Field 3C O-1 N Y Y
The subject’s captured image shall always be in focus from nose to ears
and chin to crown.
R-58 7.3.3 All images will have sufficient depth of focus to maintain greater than two 3C O-1 N Y Y
millimetre resolution on the subject’s facial features at time of capture.

R-59 7.3.4 Unnatural Color 3C O-1 N Y Y
Unnaturally coloured lighting, yellow, red, etc. is not allowed. Care shall
be taken to correct the "white balance" of image capture devices.
R-60 7.3.4 The lighting shall produce a face image with natural looking flesh tones 3C O-1 N Y Y
when viewed in typical examination environments.

R-61 7.3.4 “Red-eye” is not acceptable. 3C O-1 N Y Y

R-62 7.3.5 Color or Grayscale Enhancement 3C O-1 N Y Y
A process that overexposes or under-develops a colour or greyscale
image for purposes of beauty enhancement or artistic pleasure is not
allowed. The full spectrum shall be represented on the face image where
appropriate. Teeth and whites of eyes shall be clearly light or white
(when appropriate) and dark hair or features (when appropriate) shall be
clearly dark.
R-63 7.3.6 Radial Distortion of the Camera Lens 3C O-1 N Y Y
The fish eye (ref. 4.11) that is associated with unusually large noses in
the image is not allowed.
R-64 7.4.1.1 Pixel aspect ratio 3C O-1 N Y Y
Digital cameras and scanners used to capture facial images shall
produce images with a pixel aspect ratio of 1:1. That is, the number of
pixels per inch in the vertical dimension shall equal the number of pixels
per inch in the horizontal direction.

R-65 7.4.1.2 Origin at Upper Left 3C O-1 N Y Y
The origin of coordinates shall be at the upper left given by coordinate
(0,0) with positive entries from left to right (first dimension) and top to
bottom (second dimension).
R-66 7.4.2.3 Colour space 2 O-1 N Y Y
Frontal images shall be represented as one of the following
a) The 24-bit RGB colour space where for every pixel, eight (8) bits will
be used to represent each of the Red, Green, and Blue components.
b) An 8-bit monochrome colour space where for every pixel, (8) bits will
be used to represent the luminance component.
c) The YUV422 colour space where twice as many bits are dedicated to
luminance as to each of the two colour components. YUV422 images
typically contain two 8-bit Y samples along with one 8-bit sample of each
of U and V in every four bytes.
R-67 7.4.3 Video interlacing 3C O-1 N Y Y
Interlaced video frames are not allowed for the Frontal Image Type. All
interlacing must be absent (not simply removed, but absent).
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 7

Require- Ref. in Requirement Summary Level Status Subformat IUT Supported Test
ment ID Base Applicability Support Range Result
Std
B F T
R-68 7.5.2 Image Information [for the Frontal Image Type] 1 M N Y Y
Frontal Images are either Full Frontal or Token Frontal images and the
Face Image Type field shall be set accordingly (ref. 8.5.2, 9.3.2).
The Full Frontal Image Type
R-69 8.3.1 Introduction 3C O-1 N Y Y
In addition to the requirements of 8.3.2 to 8.3.6, the face from chin to
crown as defined in 8.3.5 and with the full width as defined in 8.3.4 shall
be visible in the image.
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 2 Published 2008-07-01]
R-70 8.3.2 Horizontally centred face 3C O-1 N Y N
The approximate horizontal midpoints of the mouth and of the bridge of
the nose define the imaginary line AA (usually the symmetry axis of the
face). Furthermore, the imaginary line BB is defined as the line through
the centre of the left eye and the centre of the right eye. The intersection
of AA and BB defines the point M as the centre of the face. The x-
coordinate Mx of M shall be between 45 % and 55 % of the image width.
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 2 Published 2008-07-01]
R-71 8.3.3 Vertical position of the face 3C O-1 N Y N
The y-coordinate M of M shall be between 30 % and 50 % of the image
y
height.
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 2 Published 2008-07-01]
N Y N
R-72 8.3.3 A single exception is allowed for children under the age of 11 years, in 3C O-1
which case the higher limit shall be modified to 60 % (i.e. the centre point
of the head is allowed to be lower in the image for children under the age
of 11). Note that the origin O of the coordinate system is in the upper left
corner of the image.
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 2 Published 2008-07-01]

R-73 8.3.4 Width of head 3C O-1 N Y N
The width of a head is defined as the distance between the two
imaginary lines parallel to the line AA; each imaginary line is drawn
between the upper and lower lobes of each ear and shall be positioned
where the external ear connects to the head. The head width is shown
as length CC in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 9.
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 2 Published 2008-07-01]
R-74 8.3.4 To ensure that the entire face is visible in the image, the head width (CC) 3C O-1 N Y N
shall be between 50 % and 75 % of the image width (A).
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 2 Published 2008-07-01]
R-75 8.3.5 Length of head 3C O-1 N Y N
The length of a head is defined as the distance between the base of the
chin and the crown measured on the imaginary line AA. This is shown as
length DD in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 9. The crown is defined as
the top of the head ignoring any hair.
In order to assure that the entire face is visible in the image, the
minimum image height shall be specified by requiring that the crown-to-
chin portion (DD) of the full frontal image pose shall be between 60 %
and 90 % of the vertical length of the image (B).
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 2 Published 2008-07-01]

R-76 8.3.5 A single exception is allowed for children under the age of 11 years, in 3C O-1 N Y N
which case the lower limit shall be modified to 50 %.
R-77 8.4.1 Resolution [Digital requirements for the Full Frontal Face Image Type] 3C O-1 N Y N
For an image for optimal human examination and permanent storage,
the resolution of the full images shall be at least 180 pixels of resolution
for the width of the head, or roughly 90 pixels from eye centre to eye
centre. See informative annex section A.3.1.1 for best practices on this
topic.
R-78 8.5.2 Image Information 1 M N Y N
The Face Image Type field shall be specified with value 0х01.
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 TECHNICAL
CORRIGENDUM 1 Published 2008-07-01]
8 © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Require- Ref. in Requirement Summary Level Status Subformat IUT Supported Test
ment ID Base Applicability Support Range Result
Std
B F T
The Token Face Image Type
R-79 9.2.2 Eye positions 3C O-1 N N Y
To create a Token Face image, the eye socket centres, or simply eye
positions, defined as Feature Points 12.1 and 12.2, shall be determined.
For the determination of eye positions, it is possible:
1 - to use computer inspection
2 - to use human visual inspection
3 - to use computer and human visual inspection.
R-80 9.2.3 Token image geometric format 2 M N N Y
A Token image is a colour or greyscale image with image dimensions
and eye position coordinates given by [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Table 16.
Note that [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] clause 5.2.3 specifies conversion of
values to integer.
Image Height W/0,75
R-81 9.2.3 Y coordinate of Eyes 0,6 * W 3C O-1 N N Y
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Table 16 column 1.]
R-82 9.2.3 X coordinate of First (right) Eye 0,375 * W 3C O-1 N N Y
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Table 16 column 1.]
R-83 9.2.3 3C O-1 N N Y
X coordinate of Second (left) Eye = (0,625 * W) −1
[NOTE: This text corrects typographical error in ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005
Table 16 column 1.]
R-84 9.2.3 Width from eye to eye (inclusive) 0.25 *W 3C O-1 N N Y
[NOTE: This text is from ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Table 16 column 1.]

R-85 9.2.4 Minimum Width Token Image 2 M N N Y
The minimum required image width is 240 pixels.

R-86 9.2.4 The distance from eye to eye (inclusive) in this case is therefore [at least]3C O-1 N N Y
60 pixels. This example is shown in [ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005] Figure 10.
R-87 9.2.4 Coordinates are relative to the top left corner of the image (0,0) and all 3C O-1 N N Y
measurements are in units of pixels.
R-88 9.2.5 Padding 3C O-1 N N Y
The normative practice shall be to fill any undefined set of pixels with any
colour. See informative annex A.4.3 for best practices on this matter.

R-89 9.3.2 Image Information 1 M N N Y
The Face Image Type field in the Image Information structure shall be
specified with value 0x02.
NOTE 1 Level 3C conformance test assertions are not specified. In all cases, the reason for this is that no method has
been defined to test the conformance of the IUT or BDIR for this mandatory requirement of the base standard. For the
purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 29109, the requirements are optional ("O") until an appropriate test method is established.
The 3C label indicates that conformance testing of this Level 3 conformance requirement is beyond the scope of the
present version of the conformance testing standard containing the table. However, most of the requirements could be
tested by means of suitable image processing operations. For example, there is a large academic literature on methods
for pose estimation (see [5] for a review).
NOTE 2 These Level 2 requirements appear in clauses which define the block structure of a conformant ISO/IEC
19794-5:2005 record. The requirements do not appear in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 below because other conformance test
assertions cover these requirements.
6.3 ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Level 1 and 2 test assertions
A subsystem that claims to produce face image records that conformant to the Level 1 and Level 2
requirements of the ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Face Image Format for Data Interchange shall be assessed by
execution of all of the specific test assertions listed in Table 2, the footnotes of which are normative.
A subsystem that claims to produce face image records that conformant to the Level 1 and Level 2
requirements of the Basic Face Image Type of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 Face Image Format for Data
Interchange shall be assessed by execution of all of the specific test assertions listed in Table 3, the footnotes
of which are normative.
A subsystem that claims to produce face image records that conformant to th
...