IEC 62311:2007

IEC 62311
Edition 1.0 2007-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure
restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz – 300 GHz)

Evaluation des équipements électroniques et électriques en relation avec
les restrictions d'exposition humaine aux champs électromagnétiques
(0 Hz – 300 GHz)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or

IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.

Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette

publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
ƒ Catalogue des publications de la CEI: www.iec.ch/searchpub/cur_fut-f.htm
Le Catalogue en-ligne de la CEI vous permet d’effectuer des recherches en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence,
texte, comité d’études,…). Il donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications retirées ou remplacées.
ƒ Just Published CEI: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI. Just Published détaille deux fois par mois les nouvelles
publications parues. Disponible en-ligne et aussi par email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 20 000 termes et
définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé
Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International en ligne.
ƒ Service Clients: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv/custserv_entry-f.htm
Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions, visitez le FAQ du
Service clients ou contactez-nous:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tél.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
IEC 62311
Edition 1.0 2007-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure
restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz – 300 GHz)

Evaluation des équipements électroniques et électriques en relation avec
les restrictions d'exposition humaine aux champs électromagnétiques
(0 Hz – 300 GHz)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 97.030 ISBN 2-8318-9269-4
– 2 – 62311 © IEC:2007
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4

1 Scope and object.6

2 Normative references .6

3 Terms and definitions .6

4 Compliance criteria.10

5 Assessment methods .10

6 Evaluation of compliance to limits.11
7 Applicability of compliance assessment methods.12
7.1 General .12
7.2 Generic procedure for assessment of equipment .14
8 Sources with multiple frequencies .17
8.1 Introduction .17
8.2 Frequency range from 1 Hz – 10 MHz (ICNIRP-based).17
8.2.1 Frequency domain assessment.17
8.2.2 Time domain assessment .19
8.3 Frequency range from 100 kHz – 300 GHz (ICNIRP-based) .21
8.4 Frequency range from 0 kHz – 5 MHz (IEEE-based).22
8.4.1 Frequency domain assessment.22
8.4.2 Time domain assessment .22
8.5 Frequency range from 3 kHz – 300 GHz (IEEE-based) .23
9 Assessment report.23
9.1 General .23
9.2 Items to be recorded in the assessment report .24
9.2.1 Assessment method .24
9.2.2 Presentation of the results.24
9.2.3 Equipment using external antennas .24
10 Information to be supplied with the equipment .24

Annex A (informative) Field calculation .25
Annex B (informative) SAR compliance assessment .30

Annex C (informative) Information for numerical modelling.32
Annex D (informative) Measurements of physical properties and body currents .61
Annex E (informative) Specific absorption rate (SAR) .65
Annex F (informative) Measurement of E and H field.67
Annex G (informative)  Source modelling .70

Bibliography.73

Figure 1 – Assessment flowchart .16
Figure 2 – Schematic of “weighting circuit”.19
Figure 3 – Dependency on frequency of the reference levels V plotted with smoothing
edges .19
Figure 4 – Transfer function A.20

62311 © IEC:2007 – 3 –
Figure A.1 – Geometry of antenna with largest linear dimension D.25

Figure A.2 – Current element Idlsin(ω t) at the origin of spherical coordinate system .26

2 2
Figure A.3 – Ratio of E , H , and E × H field components .27

Figure A.4 – Ratio of E × H field components for three typical antennas.28

Figure A.5 – Far-field = straight line, radiated near-field = lower line & all near-fields =
other line .

Figure C.1 – Numerical model of a homogenous ellipsoid .34

Figure C.2 – Numerical model of a homogenous cuboid.35

Figure C.3a — Description of the whole body .36

Figure C.3b — Details of the construction of the head and shoulders.37
Figure C.3 – Numerical model of a homogenous human body .37
Figure C.4 – Schematic of straight wire.41
Figure C.5 – Schematic of circular coil.42
Figure C.6 – Block diagram of the method .43
Figure C.7 – Test situation for validation – Current loop in front of a cuboid.45
Figure C.8 – Distribution of the electric current density J in the planes x = + 0,20 m
(left) and y = 0,0 m (right) .46
Figure C.9 – Helmholtz coils and prolate spheroid .47
Figure C.10a – Magnetic field .47
Figure C.10b – Induced current density .48
Figure C.10 – Modelling results for a 60 cm by 30 cm prolate spheroid .48
Figure C.11 – Induced current density .48
Figure C.12a – Magnetic field .49
Figure C.12b – Induced current density .49
Figure C.12 – Modelling results for a 160 cm by 80 cm prolate spheroid .49
Figure C.13 – Distribution of induced electric current density.50
Figure C.14 – Schematic position of source Q against model K.51
Figure C.15 – Position of source Q, sensor and model K.52
Figure C.16 – Hot spot.54
Figure C.17 – Gradient of flux density and area G.55
Figure C.18 – Equivalent coil .55

Figure C.19 – Gradients of flux density and coil .56
Figure C.20 – Measurement distance and related distances.58

Table 1 – Characteristics and parameters of the equipment to be considered .13
Table 2 – List of possible assessment methods .14
Table B.1 – Determining whole-body SAR implicit compliance levels .30
Table C.1 – Conductivity of tissue types .38
Table C.2 – Relative permittivity of tissue types .40
Table C.3 – Summary of results.
...