IEC 62351-5:2023
(Main)Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and communications security - Part 5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives
Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and communications security - Part 5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives
IEC 62351-5:2023 defines the application profile (A-profile) secure communication mechanism specifying messages, procedures and algorithms for securing the operation of all protocols based on or derived from IEC 60870-5, Telecontrol Equipment and Systems – Transmission Protocols.
For the measures described in this document to take effect, they must be accepted and referenced by the specifications for the protocols themselves. This document is written to enable that process.
The subsequent audience for this document is intended to be the developers of products that implement these protocols.
Portions of this document may also be of use to managers and executives in order to understand the purpose and requirements of the work.
This document is organized working from the general to the specific, as follows:
• Clauses 2 through 4 provide background terms, definitions, and references.
• Clause 5 describes the problems this specification is intended to address.
• Clause 6 describes the mechanism generically without reference to a specific protocol.
• Clauses 7 and 8 describe the mechanism more precisely and are the primary normative part of this specification.
• Clause 9 define the interoperability requirements for this secure communication mechanism.
• Clause 10 describes the requirements for other standards referencing this document.
The actions of an organization in response to events and error conditions described in this document are expected to be defined by the organization’s security policy and they are beyond the scope of this document.
This International Standard cancels and replaces IEC TS 62351-5 published in 2013. It constitutes a technical revision. The primary changes in this International Standard are:
a) The secure communication mechanism is performed on per controlling station/controlled station association.
b) User management to add, change or delete a User, was removed.
c) Symmetric method to change the Update Key was removed.
d) Asymmetric method to the change Update Key was reviewed.
e) Challenge/Reply procedure and concepts were removed.
f) Aggressive Mode concept was replaced with the Secure Data message exchange mechanism.
g) Authenticated encryption of application data was added.
h) The list of permitted security algorithms has been updated.
i) The rules for calculating messages sequence numbers have been updated
j) Events monitoring and logging was added
Gestion des systèmes de puissance et échanges d’informations associées – Sécurité des communications et des données – Partie 5: Aspects de sécurité pour l’IEC 60870-5 et ses dérivés
IEC 62351-5:2023 définit le mécanisme de communication sécurisée du profil d'application (profil A) qui spécifie les messages, les procédures et les algorithmes pour sécuriser le fonctionnement de tous les protocoles fondés sur ou dérivés de l’IEC 60870-5, Matériels et systèmes de téléconduite – Protocoles de transmission.
Pour que les mesures décrites dans le présent document entrent en application, elles doivent être acceptées et référencées par les spécifications des protocoles eux-mêmes. Le présent document est rédigé dans le but de permettre ce processus.
Il est prévu que les lecteurs suivants du présent document soient les personnes chargées d’élaborer les produits qui mettent en œuvre ces protocoles.
Certaines parties du présent document peuvent également être utiles aux gestionnaires et aux cadres dirigeants pour comprendre le but et les exigences du travail.
Ce document est organisé du plus général au plus spécifique, comme suit:
• les Articles 2 à 4 fournissent des termes, des définitions et des références de contexte;
• l’Article 5 décrit les problèmes que la présente spécification est destinée à traiter;
• l’Article 6 décrit le mécanisme de manière générale, sans référence à un protocole spécifique;
• les Articles 7 et 8 décrivent le mécanisme plus précisément. Ils constituent la partie normative principale de la présente spécification;
• l’Article 9 définit les exigences d’interopérabilité pour ce mécanisme de communication sécurisée y compris la relation entre cette norme et la CEI 62351-3 pour la sécurité de la couche transport;
• l’Article 10 décrit les exigences des autres normes qui font référence au présent document.
Il est attendu que les actions d’une organisation en réponse aux événements et conditions d’erreurs décrits dans le présent document soient définies par la politique de sécurité de l’organisme. Elles ne relèvent pas du domaine d’application du présent document.
Cette Norme internationale annule et remplace l'IEC TS 62351-5 parue en 2013. Elle constitue une révision technique. Les modifications principales présentées dans la présente Norme internationale sont les suivantes:
a) le mécanisme de communication sécurisée est réalisé par une association poste de conduite/poste téléconduit;
b) la gestion des Utilisateurs, qui sert à ajouter, modifier ou supprimer un Utilisateur, a été supprimée;
c) la méthode symétrique, qui sert à modifier la Clé de Mise à Jour, a été supprimée;
d) la méthode asymétrique, qui sert à modifier la Clé de Mise à Jour, a été révisée;
e) la procédure et les concepts de Stimulation/Réponse ont été supprimés;
f) le concept de Mode Agressif a été remplacé par le mécanisme d’échange de messages de Données Sécurisées;
g) un chiffrement authentifié des données d’application a été ajouté;
h) la liste des algorithmes de sécurité admis a été mise à jour;
i) les règles de calcul des numéros de séquence des messages ont été mises à jour;
j) la surveillance et l’enregistrement des événements ont été ajoutés.
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IEC 62351-5
®
Edition 1.0 2023-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Power systems management and associated information exchange – Data and
communications security –
Part 5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives
Gestion des systèmes de puissance et échanges d’informations associés –
Sécurité des communications et des données –
Partie 5: Aspects de sécurité pour l’IEC 60870-5 et ses dérivés
IEC 62351-5:2023-01(en-fr)
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IEC 62351-5
®
Edition 1.0 2023-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Power systems management and associated information exchange – Data and
communications security –
Part 5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives
Gestion des systèmes de puissance et échanges d’informations associés –
Sécurité des communications et des données –
Partie 5: Aspects de sécurité pour l’IEC 60870-5 et ses dérivés
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-6017-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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– 2 – IEC 62351-5:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Abbreviated terms . 11
5 Problem description . 12
5.1 Overview of clause . 12
5.2 Specific threats addressed . 12
5.3 Design issues . 12
5.3.1 Overview of subclause . 12
5.3.2 Asymmetric communications . 12
5.3.3 Message-oriented . 12
5.3.4 Poor sequence numbers or no sequence numbers . 13
5.3.5 Limited processing power . 13
5.3.6 Limited bandwidth . 13
5.3.7 No access to authentication server . 13
5.3.8 Limited frame length . 13
5.3.9 Limited checksum . 14
5.3.10 Radio systems . 14
5.3.11 Dial-up systems . 14
5.3.12 Variety of protocols affected . 14
5.3.13 Differing data link layers . 14
5.3.14 Long upgrade intervals . 15
5.3.15 Remote sites . 15
5.3.16 Unreliable media . 15
5.4 General principles . 15
5.4.1 Overview of subclause . 15
5.4.2 Application layer only . 15
5.4.3 Generic definition mapped onto different protocols . 15
5.4.4 Bi-directional . 15
5.4.5 Management of cryptographic keys . 15
5.4.6 Backwards tolerance . 16
5.4.7 Upgradeable . 16
5.4.8 Multiple connections . 16
6 Theory of operation . 16
6.1 Overview of clause . 16
6.2 The secure communication . 16
6.2.1 Basic concepts . 16
6.2.2 Association ID . 17
6.2.3 Authenticating . 18
6.2.4 Central Authority . 18
6.2.5 Role Based Access Control (RBAC) . 18
6.2.6 Cryptographic keys . 18
6.2.7 Security statistics . 22
6.2.8 Security events . 22
7 Functional requirements . 22
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IEC 62351-5:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
7.1 Overview of clause . 22
7.2 Procedures Overview . 22
7.3 State machine overview . 23
7.4 Timers and counters . 25
7.5 Security statistics and events . 25
7.5.1 General . 25
7.5.2 Special security thresholds . 29
7.5.3 Security statistics reporting . 29
7.5.4 Security events monitoring and logging . 29
8 Formal procedures . 30
8.1 Overview of subclause . 30
8.2 Distinction between messages and ASDUs . 30
8.2.1 General . 30
8.2.2 Messages datatypes and notations . 30
8.3 Station Association procedure . 30
8.3.1 General . 30
8.3.2 Public key certificates . 31
8.3.3 Configuration of authorized remote stations . 33
8.3.4 Pre-requisites to initiate the Station Association procedure . 33
8.3.5 Messages definition . 33
8.3.6 Controlling station state machine . 42
8.3.7 Controlled station state machine . 52
8.3.8 Verification of remote station’s certificate . 61
8.3.9 Verification of certificates during normal operations . 61
8.3.10 Update Keys derivation . 62
8.3.11 Controlling station directives for Station Association and Update Keys
management . 63
8.3.12 Controlled station directives for Station Association and Update Keys
management . 63
8.3.13 Initializing and updating Stations Association and Update Keys . 65
8.4 Session Key Change procedure . 66
8.4.1 General . 66
8.4.2 Messages definition . 67
8.4.3 Controlling station state machine . 76
8.4.4 Controlled station state machine . 85
8.4.5 Controlling station directives for Session Keys management. 93
8.4.6 Controlled station directives for Session Keys management . 93
8.4.7 Initializing and changing Session Keys . 94
8.5 Secure Data Exchange . 95
8.5.1 General . 95
8.5.2 Messages definition . 96
8.5.3 Controlling station state machine . 100
8.5.4 Controlled station state machine . 105
8.5.5 Controlling station directives for Secure Data Exchange . 109
8.5.6 Controlled station directives for Secure Data Exchange . 109
8.5.7 Example of Secure Data exchange during Station Association . 110
8.5.8 Example of Secure Data Exchange during Session Key Change . 111
9 Interoperability requirements . 113
9.1 Overview of clause . 113
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– 4 – IEC 62351-5:2023 © IEC 2023
9.2 Minimum requirements . 113
9.2.1 Overview of subclause . 113
9.2.2 Authentication algorithms . 113
9.2.3 Key wrap / transport algorithms . 113
9.2.4 Cryptographic keys . 114
9.2.5 Cryptographic curves . 114
9.2.6 Configurable values . 114
9.2.7 Cryptographic information . 116
9.3 Options . 116
9.3.1 Overview of subclause . 116
9.3.2 MAC/AEAD algorithms . 117
9.3.3 Key wrap / transport algorithms . 117
9.3.4 Cryptographic curves . 117
9.4 Use with TCP/IP . 117
9.5 Use with redundant channels . 117
10 Requirements for referencing this standard . 118
10.1 Overview of clause . 118
10.2 Selected options . 118
10.3 Message format mapping . 118
10.4 Reference to procedures . 118
10.5 Protocol information . 118
10.6 Controlled station response to unauthorized operations requests . 119
10.7 Transmission of security statistics . 119
10.8 Configurable values . 119
10.9 Protocol implementation conformance statement . 119
Annex A (informative) Security Event mapping to IEC 62351-14 . 120
A.1 General . 120
A.2 Mapping of IEC 62351-5 events specified in this document . 120
Bibliography . 122
Figure 1 – Overview of interaction between Central Authority and stations . 21
Figure 2 – Sequence of procedures . 23
Figure 3 – Station Association procedure . 34
Figure 4 – Station Association – Controlling station state machine . 43
Figure 5 – Station Association – Controlled station state machine . 53
Figure 6 – Example of Association ID, Update Keys and Session Keys initialization. 66
Figure 7 – Session Key Change procedure . 67
Figure 8 – Session Key Change – Controlling station state machine . 77
Figure 9 – Session Key Change – Controlled station state machine . 86
Figure 10 – Example of Session Key initialization and periodic update . 95
Figure 11 – Secure Data Exchange . 96
Figure 12 – Secure Data Exchange – Controlling station state machine . 101
Figure 13 – Secure Data Exchange – Controlled station state machine . 106
Figure 14 – Example of Secure Data Exchange during Station Association . 111
Figure 15 – Example of Secure Data messages exchanged during Session Key
Change . 112
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IEC 62351-5:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
Table 1 – Scope of application to standards . 8
Table 2 – Summary of symmetric keys used . 19
Table 3 – Summary of asymmetric keys used . 19
Table 4 – States used in the controlling station state machine . 24
Table 5 – States used in the controlled station state machine . 24
Table 6 – Summary of timers and counters used . 25
Table 7 – Security statistics and associated events . 26
Table 8 – Elliptic curves . 31
Table 9 – Association Request message . 35
Table 10 – Association Response message . 36
Table 11 – Update Key Change Request message. 38
Table 12 – Data Included in MAC calculation (in order) . 40
Table 13 – Update Key Change Response message . 40
Table 14 – Data Included in MAC calculation (in order) . 41
Table 15 – Controlling station state machine: Station Association . 44
Table 16 – Controlled station state machine: Station Association . 54
Table 17 – List of pre-defined role-to-permission assignment . 64
Table 18 – Session Request message . 68
Table 19 – Session Response message . 70
Table 20 – Data Included in MAC calculation (in order) . 71
Table 20 – Session Key Change Request message . 72
Table 21 – Data Included in WKD (in order) . 73
Table 22 – Example of Session Key order . 74
Table 23 – Data Included in the MAC calculation (in order) . 74
Table 25 – Session Key Change Response message . 75
Table 26 – Data Included in the MAC calculation (in order) . 75
Table 27 – Controlling station state machine: Session Key Change . 78
Table 28 – Controlled station state machine: Session Key Change . 87
Table 29 – Secure Data message . 97
Table 29 – Secure Data Payload using MAC algorithm . 98
Table 31 – Data included in the MAC calculation in Secure Data Payload (in order) . 99
Table 32 – AEAD algorithm parameters to generate the Secure Data Payload (in order) . 99
Table 33 – Controlling station state machine: Secure Data Exchange . 102
Table 34 – Controlled station state machine: Secure Data Exchange . 107
Table 35 – Configuration of cryptographic information . 116
Table 36 – Legend for configuration of cryptographic information. 116
Table A.1 – Security event logs defined in IEC 62351-5 Ed.1 mapped to IEC 62351-14 . 120
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED INFORMATION
EXCHANGE – DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY –
Part 5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives
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