IEC 62561-7:2011

IEC 62561-7 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Lightning protection system components (LPSC) –
Part 7: Requirements for earthing enhancing compounds

Composants des systèmes de protection contre la foudre (CSPF) –
Partie 7: Exigences pour les enrichisseurs de terre

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IEC 62561-7 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Lightning protection system components (LPSC) –
Part 7: Requirements for earthing enhancing compounds

Composants des systèmes de protection contre la foudre (CSPF) –
Partie 7: Exigences pour les enrichisseurs de terre

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX P
ICS 29.020; 91.120.40 ISBN 978-2-88912-793-1

– 2 – 62561-7 © IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4

INTRODUCTION . 6

1 Scope . 7

2 Normative references . 7

3 Terms and definitions . 7

4 Requirements . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Documentation . 8
4.3 Material . 8
4.4 Marking . 8
5 Tests . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Leaching test . 9
5.2.1 General . 9
5.2.2 Determination of leachable ions . 9
5.2.3 Passing criteria . 9
5.3 Sulphur determination . 9
5.3.1 General . 9
5.3.2 Passing criteria . 9
5.4 Determination of resistivity . 9
5.4.1 General . 9
5.4.2 Testing apparatus . 10
5.4.3 Test procedure . 11
5.4.4 Passing criteria . 12
5.5 Corrosion tests . 12
5.5.1 General . 12
5.5.2 Test apparatus . 12
5.5.3 Test preparation . 12
5.5.4 Test procedure . 12
5.5.5 Passing criteria . 12

5.6 Marking and indications . 12
6 Structure and content of the test report . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Report identification . 13
6.2.1 Title or subject of the report . 13
6.2.2 Name, address and telephone number of the test laboratory . 13
6.2.3 Name, address and telephone number of the sub test laboratory
where the test was carried out if different from company which has
been assigned to perform the test . 13
6.2.4 Unique identification number (or serial number) of the test report . 13
6.2.5 Name and address of the vendor . 13
6.2.6 Report shall be paginated and the total number of pages indicated . 13
6.2.7 Date of issue of report . 13
6.2.8 Date(s) of performance of test(s) . 13

62561-7 © IEC:2011 – 3 –
6.2.9 Signature and title, or an equivalent identification of the person(s)

authorized to sign for the testing laboratory for the content of the

report . 13

6.3 Signature and title of person(s) conducting the test . 14

6.4 Specimen description . 14

6.4.1 Sample description . 14

6.4.2 Detailed description and unambiguous identification of the test
sample and/or test assembly . 14

6.4.3 Characterization and condition of the test sample and/or test
assembly . 14

6.4.4 Sampling procedure, where relevant . 14
6.4.5 Date of receipt of test items . 14
6.4.6 Photographs, drawings or any other visual documentation, if
available . 14
6.4.7 Standards and references . 14
6.4.8 Identification of the test standard used and the date of issue of the
standard . 14
6.4.9 Other relevant documentation with the documentation date . 14
6.5 Test procedure . 14
6.5.1 Description of the test procedure . 14
6.5.2 Justification for any deviations from, additions to or exclusions from
the referenced standard. 14
6.5.3 Any other information relevant to a specific test such as
environmental conditions . 14
6.5.4 Configuration of testing assembly . 14
6.5.5 Location of the arrangement in the testing area and measuring
techniques . 14
6.6 Testing equipment, description . 14
6.7 Measuring instruments description . 14
6.8 Results and parameters recorded . 14
6.8.1 The measured, observed or derived results shall be clearly identified,
at least for . 14
6.8.2 Statement pass/fail . 15
Bibliography . 16

Figure 1 – Configuration of four–electrode soil box . 11

– 4 – 62561-7 © IEC:2011
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS (LPSC) –

Part 7: Requirements for earthing enhancing compounds

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 62561-7 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 81:
Lightning protection.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
81/413/FDIS 81/415/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62561 series, under the general title Lightning protection
system components (LPSC), can be found on the IEC website.

62561-7 © IEC:2011 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until

the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data

related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or

• amended.
– 6 – 62561-7 © IEC:2011
INTRODUCTION
This Part 7 of IEC 62561 deals with the requirements and tests for earthing enhancing

compounds as being a lightning protection system components (LPSC) designed and

implemented according to the IEC 62305 series of standards.

62561-7 © IEC:2011 – 7 –
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS (LPSC) –

Part 7: Requirements for earthing enhancing compounds

1 Scope
This Part 7 of IEC 62561 specifies the requirements and tests for earthing enhancing

compounds producing low resistance of an earth termination system.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO 4689-3, Iron ores – Determination of sulfur content – Part 3: Combustion/infrared method
ISO 14869-1, Soil quality – Dissolution for the determination of total element content – Part 1:
Dissolution with hydrofluoric and perchloric acids
EN 12457-2, Characterization of waste – Leaching – Compliance test for leaching of granular
waste materials and sludges – Part 2: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg
for materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction)
EN 12506, Characterization of waste – Analysis of eluates – Determination of pH, As, Ba, Cd,
-
2 2-
Cl , Co, Cr Vl, Cu, Mo, Ni, NO , SO , V and Zn
ASTM G57-06. Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity, Using the
Wenner, Four-Electrode Method
ASTM G59-97, Standard Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polarization
Resistance Measurements
ASTM G102-89, Standard Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Related Information
from Electrochemical Measurements

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
earthing enhancing compound
conductive compound producing low resistance of an earth termination system
3.2
manufacturer’s instructions
supplier’s instructions
written instructions provided by the manufacturer or the supplier in his documentation (see
4.2)
– 8 – 62561-7 © IEC:2011
3.3
leaching test
test during which the earthing enhancing compound is put into contact with a leachant and

some constituents of the material are extracted

4 Requirements
4.1 General
Earthing enhancing compounds shall be so designed and constructed that in normal use their

performance is reliable and without danger to persons and the surrounding.

The choice of a material depends on its ability to match the particular application
requirements.
4.2 Documentation
The manufacturer or supplier of the earthing enhancing compounds shall provide adequate
information in his literature to ensure that the installer can select and install the materials in a
suitable and safe manner.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
NOTE The manufacturer in his literature should provide information regarding the maintenance followed by the
user over time in order for the characteristics of the earthing enhancing compound to remain stable.
4.3 Material
The material of the earthing enhancing compound shall be chemically inert to subsoil. It shall
not pollute the environment. It shall provide a stable environment in terms of physical and
chemical properties and exhibit low resistivity. The earthing enhancing compound shall not be
corrosive to the earth electrodes being used.
Compliance is checked by the tests specified in 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5.
4.4 Marking
All products complying with this standard shall be marked at least with the following:
a) manufacturer's or responsible vendor's name or trade mark;
b) identifying symbol;
c) resistivity.
The marking should be given on the packing unit.
Compliance is checked in accordance with 5.6.
5 Tests
5.1 General
The tests in accordance with this standard are type tests.
Unless otherwise specified, tests are carried out with the specimens prepared as in normal
use according to the manufacturer's or supplier's instructions.
All tests are carried out on new specimens.

62561-7 © IEC:2011 – 9 –
NOTE Unless otherwise specified, three samples are subjected to each individual test and the requirements are

satisfied if all the criteria are met. The applicant, when submitting the material to be tested, may also submit an
additional quantity which may be necessary should one test fail. The testing station will then, without further

request, repeat the test and will reject only if a further failure occurs. If the additional sample is not submitted at

the same time, the failure of one test will entail rejection.

5.2 Leaching test
5.2.1 General
The leaching test shall be performed according to EN 12457-2:

– Fe (iron);
– Cu (copper);
– Zn (zinc);
– Ni (nickel);
– Cd (cadmium);
– Co (cobalt);
– Pb (lead).
5.2.2 Determination of leachable ions
Determination of the concentrations of constituents of interest shall be performed according to
EN 12506.
5.2.3 Passing criteria
The criteria are given by national or international regulations.
5.3 Sulphur determination
5.3.1 General
A test for the determination of sulphur shall be performed according to ISO 4689-3 or
ISO 14869-1 and the adapted analyses instrumentation (ICP-OES, ICP-AES or other ICP
methods).
5.3.2 Passing criteria
The material is deemed to have passed the test if all measured values are less than 2 %. The
recorded value resulting from this test shall be indicated within the product documentation.
5.4 Determination of resistivity

5.4.1 General
The four–electrode method is used to measure the resistivity of earthing enhancing
compounds as described in ASTM G57-06. Representative samples of the materials shall be
taken from a typical package as provided by the manufacturer and prepared in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions. Three samples of the earthing enhancement material
shall be tested in a four-electrode soil box.
With the four-electrode method, a voltage is impressed on the outer electrodes which causes
current to flow. The resulting voltage drop between the inner electrodes is measured using a
voltmeter and the resulting resistance is calculated. The resistance of the material can also
be measured directly.
The resistance of each earthing enhancing compound sample shall be converted to the
resistivity value using the following formula:

– 10 – 62561-7 © IEC:2011
R×A
ρ=
a
where
ρ is the sample resistivity (Ω cm);

R is the resistance (Ω) ;
A is the cross sectional area of the container perpendicular to the current flow (cm ) ;

a is the inner electrode spacing, measured from inner edges of electrodes (cm).

5.4.2 Testing apparatus
– Any reliable commercially available earth resistance meter having two current and two
voltage outputs or low-frequency AC source, a high input impedance voltmeter and
ammeter. Typical connections for use of a soil box with various types of instruments are
shown in Figure 1.
– Four-electrode soil box, made of an inert non-conductive material with four permanently
mounted electrodes manufactured of mild or stainless steel. Soil boxes are commercially
available or can be constructed in various sizes, as long as the inside dimensions are
known.
– Connecting cables.
62561-7 © IEC:2011 – 11 –
–
+ –
+
-
–
+
IEC  2558/11
Key
1 soil box
2 ammeter
3 voltmeter
4 earth resistance meter
Figure 1 – Configuration of four–electrode soil box

5.4.3 Test procedure
The earthing enhancing compound shall be prepared according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. If the material is to be installed as provided with no preparation required, the
earthing enhancing compound shall be tested as received.
The resistivity measurements shall be taken after the elapsed time, as specified by the
manufacturer, to allow for curing or maturing if required.
The sample of earthing enhancing compounds shall be placed in the soil box in a manner to
ensure good constant electrical contact between the earth enhancing compound and the
electrodes.
The resistance R of the samples shall be measured using the earth resistance meter or
technical method (derived from current and voltage measurements) and the resistivity of each
sample shall be calculated in accordance with 5.4.1.

– 12 – 62561-7 © IEC:2011
5.4.4 Passing criteria
The specimens are deemed to have passed the test if the obtained resistivity value from the

three samples are equal or less than the resistivity value claimed by the manufacturer.

5.5 Corrosion tests
5.5.1 General
This test method covers the procedure for determining the corrosiveness of materials used as

earth enhancement compounds. The corrosion rate is determined by using potentiodynamic

polarization resistance methods as outlined in ASTM G59-97 and ASTM G102-89. The

resulting open circuit potential polarization curves will be used to determine the Tafel curves
and polarization resistance. The significance of the test is important because earth
enhancement materials have to be physically and chemically inert with the earth electrodes in
order to avoid corrosion damage to the earthing electrode.
5.5.2 Test apparatus
A three-terminal potentiostat that can be used to impose the positive and negative potential
variations and to record the currents needed to obtain potentials:
– distilled water;
– glassware;
– mixer;
– balance with an accuracy of +-0,001 g.
5.5.3 Test preparation
– Prepare a mix of the earth enhancement material following the manufacturer’s
instructions.
– Place the three electrodes (working, reference and active electrodes) into the material
according to the polarization resistance method.
– Connect to the potentiostat. The working electrode shall be a material to represent the
ground electrode (e.g. copper-plated or galvanized steel).
– The active electrode shall be a graphite electrode.
– The reference electrode is typically Cu/CuSO .
– Enhancement material designed to be used in a hardened or solid state shall be tested
after the relevant curing period.
– Enhancement material designed to be used within a dry form shall be tested with a
minimum 40 % water content.
5.5.4 Test procedure
– Obtain the open circuit potential of the working electrode immersed in the material.
– Obtain the Tafel curve for the material.
– Determine the Tafel constants and the polarization resistance (R ) values.
p
5.5.5 Passing criteria
– For copper-plated earth electrodes, the polarization resistance shall be > 4 Ω × m for
non-aggressive environments and > 8 Ω × m for aggressive environments.
– For galvanized earth electrodes, the polarization resistance shall be > 3 Ω × m for non-
aggressive environments and > 7,6 Ω × m for aggressive environments.
5.6 Marking and indications
The information listed below shall be written on the package unit and/or on the installation
data sheet and/or in the manufacturer’s catalogue.

62561-7 © IEC:2011 – 13 –
On each package unit shall be marked in an indelible way

a) the name of the manufacturer or his trademark,

b) the type or the serial number of the batch of earthing enhancing compound,

c) the installation instructions,

d) the resistivity value and test apparatus used,

e) the conformity statement to the present standard.

The marking shall be checked by inspection.

6 Structure and content of the test report
6.1 General
The purpose of this clause is to provide general requirements for laboratory test reports as
well as to provide means to promote clear, complete reporting procedures for laboratories
submitting test reports.
The results of each test carried out by the laboratory shall be reported accurately, clearly,
unambiguously and objectively, in accordance with any instructions in the test methods. The
results shall be reported in a test report and shall include all the information necessary for the
interpretation of the test results and all information required by the method used.
Particular care and attention shall be paid to the arrangement of the report, especially with
regard to presentation of the test data and ease of assimilation by the reader. The format
shall be carefully and specifically designed for each type of test carried out, but the headings
shall be standardized as indicated herein.
The structure of each report shall include, as a minimum, the information according to 6.2 to
6.8.
6.2 Report identification
6.2.1 Title or subject of the report
6.2.2 Name, address and telephone number of the test laboratory
6.2.3 Name, address and telephone number of the sub test laboratory where the test was
carried out if different from company which has been assigned to perform the test
6.2.4 Unique identification number (or serial number) of the test report

6.2.5 Name and address of the vendor
6.2.6 Report shall be paginated and the total number of pages indicated
6.2.7 Date of issue of report
6.2.8 Date(s) of performance of test(s)
6.2.9 Signature and title, or an equivalent identification of the person(s) authorized to sign
for the testing laboratory for the content of the report

– 14 – 62561-7 © IEC:2011
6.3 Signature and title of person(s) conducting the test

6.4 Specimen description
6.4.1 Sample description
6.4.2 Detailed description and unambiguous identification of the test sample and/or test

assembly
6.4.3 Characterization and condition of the test sample and/or test assembly

6.4.4 Sampling procedure, where relevant

6.4.5 Date of receipt of test items
6.4.6 Photographs, drawings or any other visual documentation, if available
6.4.7 Standards and references
6.4.8 Identification of the test standard used and the date of issue of the standard
6.4.9 Other relevant documentation with the documentation date
6.5 Test procedure
6.5.1 Description of the test procedure
6.5.2 Justification for any deviations from, additions to or exclusions from the referenced
standard
6.5.3 Any other information relevant to a specific test such as environmental conditions
6.5.4 Configuration of testing assembly
6.5.5 Location of the arrangement in the testing area and measuring techniques
6.6 Testing equipment, description
Description of equipment used for every test conducted, i.e. apparatus used for resistivity
measurement (box or tube).
6.7 Measuring instruments description
Characteristics and calibration date of all instruments used for measuring the values specified
in the standard (i.e. earth resistance meter, voltmeter, ammeter).

6.8 Results and parameters recorded
6.8.1 The measured, observed or derived results shall be clearly identified, at least for
– independent measured values for each test,
– the average value for each test,
– the required passing criterion for each test defined by the standard,
– the relevant observed or derived results of the tests.
The above shall be presented by tables, graphs, drawings, photographs or other
documentation of visual observations, as appropriate.

62561-7 © IEC:2011 – 15 –
6.8.2 Statement pass/fail
A statement of pass/fail identifying the part of the test for which the specimen has failed and

also a description of the failure. This shall be illustrated by drawings, photographs or other

documentation of visual observations as appropriate.

– 16 – 62561-7 © IEC:2011
Bibliography
IEC 62305 (all parts), Protection against lightning

IEC 62561-2, Lightning protection system components (LPSC) – Part 2: Requirements for
conductors and earth electrodes

____________
___________
Under consideration.
– 18 – 62561-7 © CEI:2011
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 20

INTRODUCTION . 22

1 Domaine d’application . 23

2 Références normatives . 23

3 Termes et définitions . 23

4 Exigences . 24
4.1 Généralités. 24
4.2 Documentation . 24
4.3 Matériau . 24
4.4 Marquage . 24
5 Essais . 25
5.1 Généralités. 25
5.2 Essai de lixiviation . 25
5.2.1 Généralités . 25
5.2.2 Détermination des ions de lixiviation . 25
5.2.3 Critères de réussite . 25
5.3 Détermination du soufre . 25
5.3.1 Généralités . 25
5.3.2 Critères de réussite . 25
5.4 Détermination de la résistivité . 26
5.4.1 Généralités . 26
5.4.2 Appareillage d’essai . 26
5.4.3 Procédure d’essai . 27
5.4.4 Critères de réussite . 28
5.5 Essais de corrosion . 28
5.5.1 Généralités . 28
5.5.2 Appareillage d’essai . 28
5.5.3 Préparation des essais . 28
5.5.4 Procédure d’essai . 28
5.5.5 Critères de réussite . 28

5.6 Marquage et indications . 29
6 Structure et contenu du rapport d’essai . 29
6.1 Généralités. 29
6.2 Identification du rapport . 29
6.2.1 Titre ou sujet du rapport . 29
6.2.2 Nom, adresse et numéro de téléphone du laboratoire d’essai . 29
6.2.3 Nom, adresse et numéro de téléphone du laboratoire d’essai sous
traitant où l’essai a été effectué si celui-ci est différent de la société
désignée pour effectuer l’essai . 29
6.2.4 Numéro d’identification unique (ou numéro de série) du rapport
d’essai . 29
6.2.5 Nom et adresse du fournisseur . 29
6.2.6 Le rapport doit être paginé et le nombre total de pages indiqué . 29
6.2.7 Date de publication du rapport . 29
6.2.8 Date(s) de réalisation de(s) essai(s) . 29

62561-7 © CEI:2011 – 19 –
6.2.9 Signature et titre, ou une identification similaire de la (des)

personne(s) autorisée(s) à signer pour le compte du laboratoire

d’essai le contenu du rapport . 29

6.3 Signature et titre de la (des) personne(s) ayant effectué l’essai . 30

6.4 Description de l’éprouvette . 30

6.4.1 Description de l’échantillon . 30

6.4.2 Description détaillée et identification non ambiguë de l’échantillon
d’essai et/ou du montage d'essai . 30

6.4.3 Caractéristiques et état de l’échantillon d’essai et/ou du montage
d'essai . 30

6.4.4 Procédure d’échantillonnage, le cas échéant . 30
6.4.5 Date de réception des échantillons d’essai . 30
6.4.6 Photographies, dessins ou tout autre document visuel, si disponible . 30
6.4.7 Normes et références . 30
6.4.8 Identification de la norme d’essai employée et date de sa publication . 30
6.4.9 Toute autre documentation utile avec sa date de publication . 30
6.5 Procédure d’essai . 30
6.5.1 Description de la procédure d’essai . 30
6.5.2 Justification de tout écart, ajout ou exclusion par rapport à la norme
de référence . 30
6.5.3 Toute autre information utile pour un essai spécifique comme les
conditions environnementales. 30
6.5.4 Configuration du montage d’essai . 30
6.5.5 Emplacement du dispositif dans l’espace d’essai et techniques de
mesure . 30
6.6 Description des équipements et appareils d’essai. 30
6.7 Description des instruments de mesure . 30
6.8 Résultats et paramètres enregistrés . 30
6.8.1 Les mesures, observations ou résultats annexes doivent être
clairement identifiés au moins pour . 30
6.8.2 Déclaration de réussite/échec . 31
Bibliographie . 32

Figure 1 – Configuration du récipient à quatre électrodes pour l’analyse du sol . 27

– 20 – 62561-7 © CEI:2011
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE

____________
COMPOSANTS DES SYSTÈMES DE PROTECTION

CONTRE LA FOUDRE (CSPF) –
Partie 7: Exigences pour les enrichisseurs de terre

AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation
composée de l'ensemble des comités électrot
...