ISO/IEC 30140-1:2018

ISO/IEC 30140-1
Edition 1.0 2018-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Information technology – Underwater acoustic sensor network (UWASN) –
Part 1: Overview and requirements

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ISO/IEC 30140-1
Edition 1.0 2018-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Information technology – Underwater acoustic sensor network (UWASN) –

Part 1: Overview and requirements

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 35.110 ISBN 978-2-8322-5372-4

– 2 – ISO/IEC 30140-1:2018 © ISO/IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Abbreviated terms . 9
5 UWASN overview and applications . 9
5.1 Overview. 9
5.2 Application domain of UWASN . 11
6 Characteristics of UWASN in terms of the effects of propagation variability . 12
6.1 Underwater acoustic communication . 12
6.2 Acoustic signal strength attenuation . 12
6.3 High propagation delay . 12
6.4 Multipath . 13
6.5 Propagation loss . 13
6.6 Noise . 14
7 Differences between UWASN and terrestrial sensor network . 14
7.1 Types of underwater communication technologies . 14
7.2 Housing case . 16
7.3 Costs associated with sensor nodes . 16
7.4 Omni-directional and directional transducers for data transmission and
reception . 16
7.5 Underwater object and event localization and 3D relay node . 17
7.6 Energy harvesting technology for UWASN . 18
8 Specificities of UWASN and related requirements . 18
8.1 Three structural scales of UWASN network . 18
8.2 Deployments of 2D and 3D topology . 21
8.2.1 General . 21
8.2.2 Two-dimensional UWASN architecture . 21
8.2.3 Three-dimensional UWASN architecture . 22
8.3 Cross layering . 24
8.4 Underwater acoustic modem . 25
8.5 Doppler spread . 25
8.6 Deployment considering water depths . 26
8.7 Underwater wired and wireless communication . 26
8.8 Time synchronization . 27
8.9 Data transmission period for energy saving . 28
8.10 Routing . 29
8.11 Network coding . 31
8.12 Data compression . 31
8.13 Delay and disruption tolerant network (DTN) . 31
9 UWASN further general requirements . 32
9.1 General . 32
9.2 General requirements for UWASN – Cross layering . 32
9.3 General requirements for the UWASN – Communication technology . 32
9.4 General requirements for the UWASN – Other system requirements . 33

Annex A (informative) Selected applications of UWASN . 34
A.1 Environmental monitoring – Chemical and biological changes . 34
A.1.1 Description . 34
A.1.2 Physical entities . 35
A.1.3 Normal flow . 35
A.1.4 Conditions . 35
A.2 Detection of pipeline leakages . 35
A.2.1 Description . 35
A.2.2 Physical entities . 36
A.2.3 Normal flow . 36
A.2.4 Conditions . 37
A.3 Exploration of natural resources . 37
A.3.1 Description . 37
A.3.2 Physical entities . 38
A.3.3 Normal flow . 38
A.3.4 Conditions . 39
A.4 Fish farming . 39
A.4.1 Description . 39
A.4.2 Physical entities . 40
A.4.3 Normal flow . 40
A.4.4 Conditions . 40
A.5 Harbour security . 40
A.5.1 Description . 40
A.5.2 Physical entities . 41
A.5.3 Normal flow . 41
A.5.4 Conditions . 42
Bibliography . 43

Figure 1 – Overview of a UWASN . 10
Figure 2 – Omni-directional and directional transducers for data transmission and
reception . 17
Figure 3 – Underwater cluster network . 18
Figure 4 – Underwater ad-hoc network. 19
Figure 5 – UWA-UN communication network . 19
Figure 6 – UWA-UN communication network using fixed gateway . 20
Figure 7 – UWA-EUN communication network . 21
Figure 8 – Two-dimensional UWASN architecture . 22
Figure 9 – Three-dimensional UWASN architecture . 23
Figure 10 – UWA-cross layer protocol stack . 25
Figure 11 – Underwater wired and wireless communication . 27
Figure 12 – Time synchronization for data transmission . 28
Figure 13 – Using active and sleep modes for energy saving . 29
Figure 14 – UWASN routing . 30
Figure A.1 – Illustration of the environmental monitoring use case . 34
Figure A.2 – Oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring use case . 36
Figure A.3 – Flow – Oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring . 37

– 4 – ISO/IEC 30140-1:2018 © ISO/IEC 2018
Figure A.4 – Underwater resource exploration use case . 38
Figure A.5 – Fish farming and monitoring use case . 39
Figure A.6 – Harbour security monitoring use case . 41

Table 1 – UWASN market segments and their current and future appli
...