IEC TS 62565-4-1:2019

IEC TS 62565-4-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-11
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Nanomanufacturing – Material specifications –
Part 4-1: Luminescent nanomaterials – Blank detail specification
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IEC TS 62565-4-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-11
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Nanomanufacturing – Material specifications –

Part 4-1: Luminescent nanomaterials – Blank detail specification

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 07.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-7641-9

– 2 – IEC TS 62565-4-1:2019  IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 General introduction regarding measurement methods . 10
5 Basic specification requirements. 10
6 Recommended specification format . 10
6.1 General procurement . 10
6.2 Luminescent nanomaterial key control characterization . 11
6.2.1 Physical and chemical key control characteristics . 11
6.2.2 Optical key control characteristics . 12
7 An overview of test methods and analysis techniques . 13
Bibliography . 15

Table 1 – Format for general information . 11
Table 2 – Physical and chemical key control characteristics. 12
Table 3 – Optical key control characteristics by emission colour . 13
Table 4 – Summary of test methods . 14

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
NANOMANUFACTURING – MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS –

Part 4-1: Luminescent nanomaterials – Blank detail specification

FOREWORD
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Technical Specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC TS 62565-4-1, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 113: Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems.

– 4 – IEC TS 62565-4-1:2019  IEC 2019
The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
113/476/DTS 113/508/RVDTS
Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62565 series, published under the general title
Nanomanufacturing – Material specifications, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

INTRODUCTION
Lighting devices and displays are transitioning from incandescent illumination sources based
on heated filaments to solid-state lighting (SSL) sources. In devices such as lamps and
luminaires used for general illumination, light emitting diodes (LED) form SSL sources that
provide light, and a wide variety of lighting colours are commercially available. In display
products such as liquid crystal devices, white backlights are used in conjunction with colour
filters to provide red, green and blue colours, and these backlights are also increasingly
leveraging breakthroughs in LED technologies to increase the colour gamut. There are
several key drivers for this change including increased energy efficiency, increased product
lifetime, flexibility in colours produced and good colour rendering properties. For example,
solid-state lighting (SSL) sources can achieve luminous efficacies that are significantly higher
than conventional incandescent lamps. Since approximately 20 % of the world’s electricity
consumption is attributed to providing illumination, the impact of such a large gain in luminous
efficacy provided by changing to SSL technologies is significant. Likewise, SSL backlights
consume less energy than other backlight technologies, which is especially important in
battery powered portable electronics.
The structures of SSL sources used for general lighting and display backlights often are
similar. In a common structure, these devices consist of a blue LED and at least one
photoluminescent material to provide one or more additional wavelengths. When energized,
some photons emitted by the LEDs are absorbed by the luminescent material and produce
secondary photons of different wavelengths through the process of photoluminescence (PL).
The light produced by the SSL source is a mixture of the emissions from the blue LED and the
photoluminescent material. A variety of luminescent materials can be used in these
applications including phosphors and luminescent nanomaterials.
Luminescent nanomaterials are comprised of semiconductor nanocrystals like spherical
quantum dots and elongated quantum rods and inorganic nanophosphors. Semiconductor
nanocrystals with sizes typically below 10 nm show size-tunable optical properties (size-
dependent band gap and hence, size-dependent onset of absorption and spectral position of
the emission band or emission colour) and electrochemical properties (size-dependent
energetic positions of the valence and conduction band and hence, redox potentials of the
charge carriers) due to particle size-dependent quantum confinement effects. Particularly
favourable are their broad absorption bands (increasing absorption for all wavelengths shorter
than the onset of absorption), their narrow emission bands (often revealing a symmetric
shape), their high photoluminescence quantum yields and excellent photostability.
Light-emitting phosphors can also be used for lighting and display applications and in some
instances phosphors with particle diameters less than 100 nm (i.e. nanoparticles) can be
used. Such inorganic nanomaterials (also termed nanophosphors) include materials such as
YAG:Ce. These nanophosphors are characterized by broad absorption bands, broad emission
bands, good photoluminescence quantum yields and a high photostability. The spectral
position of the absorption and emission of inorganic nanophosphors is not affected by size,
but the scattering properties will have a size dependence. However, the enhanced surface-to-
volume ratio with decreasing particle size can favour luminescence quenching at surface
defects, thereby affecting the photoluminescenc
...