IEC TR 60919-3:2009
(Main)Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters - Part 3: Dynamic conditions
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters - Part 3: Dynamic conditions
IEC/TR 60919-3:2009 provides general guidance on the dynamic performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Dynamic performance is meant to include those events and phenomena whose characteristic frequencies or time domain cover the range between transient conditions and steady state. Diode valves are not considered in this specification. This report (IEC 60919-3) which covers dynamic performance, is accompanied by publications for steady-state (IEC 60919-1) and transient (IEC 60919-2) performance. All three aspects should be considered when preparing two-terminal HVDC system specifications. This report should not be used directly as a specification for a specific project, but rather to provide the basis for an appropriate specification tailored to fit actual system requirements for a particular electric power transmission scheme. This report does not intend to discriminate between the responsibility of users and manufacturers for the work specified. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, which was issued as a technical specification in 1999. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) this report concerns only line-commutated converters;
b) significant changes have been made to the control system technology;
c) some environmental constraints, for example audible noise limits, have been added;
d) the capacitor coupled converters (CCC) and controlled series capacitor converters (CSCC) have been included.
Fonctionnement des systèmes à courant continu haute tension (CCHT) munis de convertisseurs commutés par le réseau - Partie 3: Conditions dynamiques
La CEI/TR 60919-3:2009 contient des indications générales sur le fonctionnement dynamique des réseaux à courant continu haute tension (CCHT). On utilise le terme fonctionnement dynamique pour désigner les événements et les phénomènes dont les fréquences caractéristiques ou la plage temporelle correspondent à un état entre des conditions transitoires et celles du régime établi. Les valves à diodes ne sont pas étudiées dans cette spécification. Le présent rapport (CEI 60919-3) qui porte sur le fonctionnement dynamique est accompagné de publications concernant le fonctionnement en régime établi (CEI 60919-1) et le fonctionnement dans des conditions transitoires (CEI 60919-2). Il convient de tenir compte des trois aspects lors de la préparation des spécifications d'un réseau CCHT à deux extrémités. Il convient de ne pas utiliser ce rapport comme la spécification d'un projet particulier, mais plutôt en tant que base dans la préparation d'une spécification plus appropriée, permettant de répondre aux exigences réelles d'un réseau pour un schéma particulier de transport d'énergie électrique. Ce rapport n'a pas pour objet de distinguer la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de celle du fabricant en ce qui concerne le projet spécifié. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue comme spécification technique en 1999. Elle constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) ce rapport technique ne concerne que les convertisseurs commutés par le réseau;
b) des changements significatifs ont été apportés à la technologie du système de contrôle;
c) certaines contraintes environnementales ont été ajoutées, par exemple les niveaux de bruit audible maximaux;
d) les convertisseurs connectés au travers de condensateurs (CCC) et les convertisseurs à condensateurs en série contrôlés (CCSC) ont été ajoutés.
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IEC TR 60919-3 ®
Edition 2.1 2016-03
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Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
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IEC TR 60919-3 ®
Edition 2.1 2016-03
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
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inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-3241-5
IEC TR 60919-3 ®
Edition 2.1 2016-03
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
– 2 – IEC TR 60919-3:2009+AMD1:2016 CSV
IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Outline of HVDC dynamic performance specifications . 8
3.1 Dynamic performance specification . 8
3.2 General comments . 9
4 AC system power flow and frequency control . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Power flow control . 9
4.2.1 Steady-state power control requirements . 9
4.2.2 Step change power requirement . 10
4.3 Frequency control . 12
5 AC dynamic voltage control and interaction with reactive power sources . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Voltage and reactive power characteristics of an HVDC substation and other
reactive power sources . 13
5.2.1 General . 13
5.2.2 Converter as active/reactive power source . 14
5.2.3 Voltage characteristics of a.c. networks depending on the power
loading at the busbar of the HVDC substation . 16
5.2.4 Voltage characteristics of a.c. filters, capacitor banks and shunt
reactors for power compensation at the HVDC substation . 18
5.2.5 Voltage characteristics of static var compensator (SVC) . 18
5.2.6 Voltage characteristics of synchronous compensator (SC) . 19
5.2.7 Voltage characteristics of static synchronous compensator
(STATCOM) . 19
5.3 Voltage deviations on the busbar of an HVDC substation . 19
5.4 Voltage and reactive power interaction of the substation and other reactive
power sources . 20
5.4.1 HVDC converters, switchable a.c. filters, capacitor banks and shunt
reactors . 20
5.4.2 HVDC converters, switchable reactive power sources, SVC . 21
5.4.3 HVDC converters, switchable reactive power sources and
synchronous compensators . 21
5.4.4 HVDC converters, switchable reactive power sources, STATCOM . 22
6 AC system transient and steady-state stability . 23
6.1 General . 23
6.2 Characteristics of active and reactive power modulation . 23
6.2.1 General . 23
6.2.2 Large signal modulation . 24
6.2.3 Small signal modulation . 25
6.2.4 Reactive power modulation . 25
6.3 Classification of network situations . 26
6.4 AC network in parallel with the HVDC link . 26
6.5 Improvement of the stability within one of the connected a.c. networks . 30
6.6 Determination of the damping control characteristics . 30
IEC 2016
6.7 Implementation of the damping controller and telecommunication
requirements . 31
7 Dynamics of the HVDC system at higher frequencies . 31
7.1 General . 31
7.2 Types of instability . 32
7.2.1 Loop instability (harmonic instability) . 32
7.2.2 Current loop instability . 32
7.2.3 Core saturation instability . 32
7.2.4 Harmonic interactions . 32
7.3 Information required for design purposes . 33
7.4 Means available for preventing instabilities . 34
7.5 Damping of low order harmonics by control action . 34
7.6 Demonstration of satisfactory performance at higher frequencies . 34
8 Subsynchronous oscillations . 35
8.1 General . 35
8.2 Criteria for subsynchronous torsional interaction with an HVDC system . 36
8.3 Screening criteria for identifying generator units susceptible to torsional
interactions . 37
8.4 Performance considerations for utilizing subsynchronous damping controls
controllers (SSDCs) . 38
8.5 Performance testing . 38
8.6 Turbine generator protection . 38
9 Power plant interaction . 39
9.1 General . 39
9.2 Specific interactions . 39
9.2.1 General . 39
9.2.2 Frequency variation effects . 39
9.2.3 Frequency controls interactions . 40
9.2.4 Overvoltage effects . 40
9.2.5 Harmonics . 40
9.2.6 Subsynchronous and shaft impact effects . 40
9.2.7 Resonance . 41
9.2.8 Overvoltages . 41
9.2.9 Stresses in a.c. switching equipment . 41
9.2.10 Under-frequency . 41
9.2.11 Starting procedure for an HVDC converter . 41
9.3 Special considerations for a nuclear plant . 41
Bibliography . 42
Figure 1 – Elements for reactive power compensation at an HVDC substation . 14
Figure 2 – P/Q diagram of a converter . 15
Figure 3 – Reactive power requirements of a weak a.c. system depending on the active
power loading for various constant voltage characteristics at the a.c. bus of an HVDC
substation . 17
Figure 4 – Representation of the a.c. network . 17
Figure 5 – Example of voltage – current characteristic showing possible current
modulation range in the absence of telecommunication between rectifier and inverter . 25
Figure 6 – Reactive power modulation in an HVDC transmission operating at minimum
extinction angle γ . 27
min
– 4 – IEC TR 60919-3:2009+AMD1:2016 CSV
IEC 2016
Figure 7 – Reactive power modulation in an HVDC transmission operating at extinction
angle γ > γ . 28
min
Figure 8 – Stability improvement of an a.c. link or network . 29
Figure 9 – Principle arrangements of a damping controller . 29
----------------------
...
IEC TR 60919-3 ®
Edition 2.2 2021-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
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Edition 2.2 2021-10
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STANDARD
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Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-4509-5
IEC TR 60919-3 ®
Edition 2.2 2021-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
– 2 – IEC TR 60919-3:2009+AMD1:2016
+AMD2:2021 CSV IEC 2021
CONTENTS
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Outline of HVDC dynamic performance specifications. 8
3.1 Dynamic performance specification . 8
3.2 General comments . 9
4 AC system power flow and frequency control . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Power flow control . 9
4.2.1 Steady-state power control requirements . 9
4.2.2 Step change power requirement . 10
4.3 Frequency control . 12
5 AC dynamic voltage control and interaction with reactive power sources . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Voltage and reactive power characteristics of an HVDC substation and other
reactive power sources . 13
5.2.1 General . 13
5.2.2 Converter as active/reactive power source . 14
5.2.3 Voltage characteristics of a.c. networks depending on the power
loading at the busbar of the HVDC substation . 16
5.2.4 Voltage characteristics of a.c. filters, capacitor banks and shunt
reactors for power compensation at the HVDC substation. 18
5.2.5 Voltage characteristics of static var compensator (SVC) . 18
5.2.6 Voltage characteristics of synchronous compensator (SC) . 19
5.2.7 Voltage characteristics of static synchronous compensator
(STATCOM) . 19
5.3 Voltage deviations on the busbar of an HVDC substation . 19
5.4 Voltage and reactive power interaction of the substation and other reactive
power sources . 20
5.4.1 HVDC converters, switchable a.c. filters, capacitor banks and shunt
reactors . 20
5.4.2 HVDC converters, switchable reactive power sources, SVC . 21
5.4.3 HVDC converters, switchable reactive power sources and
synchronous compensators . 21
5.4.4 HVDC converters, switchable reactive power sources, STATCOM . 22
6 AC system transient and steady-state stability . 23
6.1 General . 23
6.2 Characteristics of active and reactive power modulation . 23
6.2.1 General . 23
6.2.2 Large signal modulation. 24
6.2.3 Small signal modulation . 25
6.2.4 Reactive power modulation . 25
6.3 Classification of network situations . 26
6.4 AC network in parallel with the HVDC link . 26
6.5 Improvement of the stability within one of the connected a.c. networks . 30
6.6 Determination of the damping control characteristics . 30
6.7 Implementation of the damping controller and telecommunication
requirements . 31
+AMD2:2021 CSV IEC 2021
7 Dynamics of the HVDC system at higher frequencies . 31
7.1 General . 31
7.2 Types of instability . 32
7.2.1 Loop instability (harmonic instability) . 32
7.2.2 Current loop instability . 32
7.2.3 Core saturation instability . 32
7.2.4 Harmonic interactions . 32
7.3 Information required for design purposes . 33
7.4 Means available for preventing instabilities . 34
7.5 Damping of low order harmonics by control action . 34
7.6 Demonstration of satisfactory performance at higher frequencies . 34
8 Subsynchronous oscillations . 35
8.1 General . 35
8.2 Criteria for subsynchronous torsional interaction with an HVDC system . 36
8.3 Screening criteria for identifying generator units susceptible to torsional
interactions . 37
8.4 Performance considerations for utilizing subsynchronous damping controls
controllers (SSDCs) . 38
8.5 Performance testing . 38
8.6 Turbine generator protection . 38
9 Power plant interaction . 39
9.1 General . 39
9.2 Specific interactions . 39
9.2.1 General . 39
9.2.2 Frequency variation effects . 39
9.2.3 Frequency controls interactions . 40
9.2.4 Overvoltage effects . 40
9.2.5 Harmonics . 40
9.2.6 Subsynchronous and shaft impact effects . 40
9.2.7 Resonance . 41
9.2.8 Overvoltages . 41
9.2.9 Stresses in a.c. switching equipment . 41
9.2.10 Under-frequency . 41
9.2.11 Starting procedure for an HVDC converter . 41
9.3 Special considerations for a nuclear plant . 41
Figure 1 – Elements for reactive power compensation at an HVDC substation . 14
Figure 2 – P/Q diagram of a converter . 15
Figure 3 – Reactive power requirements of a weak a.c. system depending on the active
power loading for various constant voltage characteristics at the a.c. bus of an HVDC
substation . 17
Figure 4 – Representation of the a.c. network . 17
Figure 5 – Example of voltage – current characteristic showing possible current
modulation range in the absence of telecommunication between rectifier and inverter . 25
Figure 6 – Reactive power modulation in an HVDC transmission operating at minimum
extinction angle γ . 27
min
Figure 7 – Reactive power modulation in an HVDC transmission operating at extinction
angle γ > γ . 28
min
– 4 – IEC TR 60919-3:2009+AMD1:2016
+AMD2:2021 CSV IEC 2021
Figure 8 – Stability improvement of an a.c. link or network . 29
Figure 9 – Principle arrangements of a damping controller . 29
+AMD2:2021 CSV IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC)
SYSTEMS WITH LINE-COMMUTATED CONVERTERS –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the ele
...
IEC/TR 60919-3 ®
Edition 2.0 2009-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
RAPPORT
TECHNIQUE
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
Fonctionnement des systèmes à courant continu haute tension (CCHT) munis
de convertisseurs commutés par le réseau –
Partie 3: Conditions dynamiques
IEC/TR 60919-3:2009
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IEC/TR 60919-3 ®
Edition 2.0 2009-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
RAPPORT
TECHNIQUE
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
Fonctionnement des systèmes à courant continu haute tension (CCHT) munis
de convertisseurs commutés par le réseau –
Partie 3: Conditions dynamiques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
X
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-88910-332-4
– 2 – TR 60919-3 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .6
3 Outline of HVDC dynamic performance specifications.7
3.1 Dynamic performance specification .7
3.2 General comments .8
4 AC system power flow and frequency control.8
4.1 General .8
4.2 Power flow control.8
4.2.1 Steady-state power control requirements.8
4.2.2 Step change power requirement .9
4.3 Frequency control .11
5 AC dynamic voltage control and interaction with reactive power sources .12
5.1 General .12
5.2 Voltage and reactive power characteristics of an HVDC substation and other
reactive power sources.12
5.2.1 General .12
5.2.2 Converter as active/reactive power source .13
5.2.3 Voltage characteristics of a.c. networks depending on the power
loading at the busbar of the HVDC substation.15
5.2.4 Voltage characteristics of a.c. filters, capacitor banks and shunt
reactors for power compensation at the HVDC substation.17
5.2.5 Voltage characteristics of static var compensator (SVC) .17
5.2.6 Voltage characteristics of synchronous compensator (SC).18
5.3 Voltage deviations on the busbar of an HVDC substation .18
5.4 Voltage and reactive power interaction of the substation and other reactive
power sources.19
5.4.1 HVDC converters, switchable a.c. filters, capacitor banks and shunt
reactors .19
5.4.2 HVDC converters, switchable reactive power sources, SVC.20
5.4.3 HVDC converters, switchable reactive power sources and
synchronous compensators .20
6 AC system transient and steady-state stability.21
6.1 General .21
6.2 Characteristics of active and reactive power modulation.21
6.2.1 General .21
6.2.2 Large signal modulation.22
6.2.3 Small signal modulation.23
6.2.4 Reactive power modulation.23
6.3 Classification of network situations.24
6.4 AC network in parallel with the HVDC link .24
6.5 Improvement of the stability within one of the connected a.c. networks .28
6.6 Determination of the damping control characteristics.28
6.7 Implementation of the damping controller and telecommunication
requirements .29
7 Dynamics of the HVDC system at higher frequencies .29
7.1 General .29
7.2 Types of instability .30
TR 60919-3 © IEC:2009 – 3 –
7.2.1 Loop instability (harmonic instability) .30
7.2.2 Current loop instability.30
7.2.3 Core saturation instability .30
7.2.4 Harmonic interactions.30
7.3 Information required for design purposes .31
7.4 Means available for preventing instabilities .32
7.5 Damping of low order harmonics by control action.32
7.6 Demonstration of satisfactory performance at higher frequencies .32
8 Subsynchronous oscillations.33
8.1 General .33
8.2 Criteria for subsynchronous torsional interaction with an HVDC system.34
8.3 Screening criteria for identifying generator units susceptible to torsional
interactions .35
8.4 Performance considerations for utilizing subsynchronous damping controls .36
8.5 Performance testing .36
8.6 Turbine generator protection .36
9 Power plant interaction .37
9.1 General .37
9.2 Specific interactions .37
9.2.1 General .37
9.2.2 Frequency variation effects.37
9.2.3 Frequency controls interactions .37
9.2.4 Overvoltage effects .38
9.2.5 Harmonics .38
9.2.6 Subsynchronous and shaft impact effects .38
9.2.7 Resonance .39
9.2.8 Overvoltages .39
9.2.9 Stresses in a.c. switching equipment .39
9.2.10 Under-frequency.39
9.2.11 Starting procedure for an HVDC converter.39
9.3 Special considerations for a nuclear plant .39
Bibliography.40
Figure 1 – Elements for reactive power compensation at an HVDC substation .13
Figure 2 – P/Q diagram of a converter .14
Figure 3 – Reactive power requirements of a weak a.c. system depending on the active
power loading for various constant voltage characteristics at the a.c. bus of an HVDC
substation .
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