IEC 61439-1:2011

IEC 61439-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2011-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies –
Part 1: General rules
Ensembles d'appareillage à basse tension –
Partie 1: Règles générales
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IEC 61439-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2011-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies –
Part 1: General rules
Ensembles d'appareillage à basse tension –
Partie 1: Règles générales
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XG
ICS 29.130.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-634-7

– 2 – 61439-1 © IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8

INTRODUCTION . 11

1 Scope . 12

2 Normative references . 12

3 Terms and definitions . 15

3.1 General terms . 15

3.2 Constructional units of ASSEMBLIES . 17

3.3 External design of ASSEMBLIES . 18
3.4 Structural parts of ASSEMBLIES . 18
3.5 Conditions of installation of ASSEMBLIES . 20
3.6 Insulation characteristics . 20
3.7 Protection against electric shock . 23
3.8 Characteristics . 25
3.9 Verification . 27
3.10 Manufacturer/user . 28
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 28
5 Interface characteristics . 29
5.1 General . 29
5.2 Voltage ratings . 29
5.2.1 Rated voltage (U ) (of the ASSEMBLY) . 29
n
5.2.2 Rated operational voltage (U ) (of a circuit of an ASSEMBLY) . 29
e
5.2.3 Rated insulation voltage (U ) (of a circuit of an ASSEMBLY) . 29
i
5.2.4 Rated impulse withstand voltage (U ) (of the ASSEMBLY) . 29
imp
5.3 Current ratings . 30
5.3.1 Rated current of the ASSEMBLY (I ) . 30
nA
5.3.2 Rated current of a circuit (I ) . 30
nc
5.3.3 Rated peak withstand current (I ) . 30
pk
5.3.4 Rated short-time withstand current (I ) (of a circuit of an ASSEMBLY) . 30
cw
5.3.5 Rated conditional short-circuit current of an ASSEMBLY (I ) . 30
cc
5.4 Rated diversity factor (RDF) . 31
5.5 Rated frequency (f ) . 31
n
5.6 Other characteristics . 31

6 Information . 32
6.1 ASSEMBLY designation marking . 32
6.2 Documentation . 32
6.2.1 Information relating to the ASSEMBLY . 32
6.2.2 Instructions for handling, installation, operation and maintenance . 32
6.3 Device and/or component identification . 33
7 Service conditions . 33
7.1 Normal service conditions . 33
7.1.1 Ambient air temperature . 33
7.1.2 Humidity conditions . 33
7.1.3 Pollution degree . 33
7.1.4 Altitude . 34
7.2 Special service conditions . 34
7.3 Conditions during transport, storage and installation . 35

61439-1 © IEC:2011 – 3 –
8 Constructional requirements . 35

8.1 Strength of materials and parts . 35

8.1.1 General . 35

8.1.2 Protection against corrosion . 35

8.1.3 Properties of insulating materials . 35

8.1.4 Resistance to ultra-violet radiation . 36

8.1.5 Mechanical strength . 36

8.1.6 Lifting provision . 36

8.2 Degree of protection provided by an ASSEMBLY enclosure . 36

8.2.1 Protection against mechanical impact . 36
8.2.2 Protection against contact with live parts, ingress of solid foreign
bodies and water . 36
8.2.3 ASSEMBLY with removable parts . 37
8.3 Clearances and creepage distances . 37
8.3.1 General . 37
8.3.2 Clearances . 38
8.3.3 Creepage distances . 38
8.4 Protection against electric shock . 39
8.4.1 General . 39
8.4.2 Basic protection . 39
8.4.3 Fault protection . 40
8.4.4 Protection by total insulation . 42
8.4.5 Limitation of steady-state touch current and charge . 43
8.4.6 Operating and servicing conditions . 43
8.5 Incorporation of switching devices and components . 45
8.5.1 Fixed parts . 45
8.5.2 Removable parts . 45
8.5.3 Selection of switching devices and components . 46
8.5.4 Installation of switching devices and components . 46
8.5.5 Accessibility . 46
8.5.6 Barriers . 47
8.5.7 Direction of operation and indication of switching positions. 47
8.5.8 Indicator lights and push-buttons . 47
8.6 Internal electrical circuits and connections . 47
8.6.1 Main circuits . 47

8.6.2 Auxiliary circuits . 48
8.6.3 Bare and insulated conductors . 48
8.6.4 Selection and installation of non-protected live conductors to reduce
the possibility of short-circuits . 49
8.6.5 Identification of the conductors of main and auxiliary circuits . 49
8.6.6 Identification of the protective conductor (PE, PEN) and of the
neutral conductor (N) of the main circuits . 49
8.7 Cooling . 49
8.8 Terminals for external conductors . 49
9 Performance requirements . 51
9.1 Dielectric properties . 51
9.1.1 General . 51
9.1.2 Power-frequency withstand voltage . 51
9.1.3 Impulse withstand voltage . 51

– 4 – 61439-1 © IEC:2011
9.1.4 Protection of surge protective devices . 51

9.2 Temperature rise limits . 52

9.3 Short-circuit protection and short-circuit withstand strength . 52

9.3.1 General . 52

9.3.2 Information concerning short-circuit withstand strength . 52

9.3.3 Relationship between peak current and short-time current . 53

9.3.4 Co-ordination of protective devices . 53

9.4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 53

10 Design verification . 54

10.1 General . 54
10.2 Strength of materials and parts . 55
10.2.1 General . 55
10.2.2 Resistance to corrosion . 55
10.2.3 Properties of insulating materials . 56
10.2.4 Resistance to ultra-violet (UV) radiation. 58
10.2.5 Lifting . 58
10.2.6 Mechanical impact . 59
10.2.7 Marking . 59
10.3 Degree of protection of ASSEMBLIES . 59
10.4 Clearances and creepage distances . 59
10.5 Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits . 60
10.5.1 Effectiveness of the protective circuit. 60
10.5.2 Effective earth continuity between the exposed conductive parts of
the ASSEMBLY and the protective circuit . 60
10.5.3 Short-circuit withstand strength of the protective circuit . 60
10.6 Incorporation of switching devices and components . 61
10.6.1 General . 61
10.6.2 Electromagnetic compatibility . 61
10.7 Internal electrical circuits and connections . 61
10.8 Terminals for external conductors . 61
10.9 Dielectric properties . 61
10.9.1 General . 61
10.9.2 Power-frequency withstand voltage . 61
10.9.3 Impulse withstand voltage . 62
10.9.4 Testing of enclosures made of insulating material . 64

10.9.5 External operating handles of insulating material . 64
10.10 Verification of temperature rise . 64
10.10.1 General . 64
10.10.2 Verification by testing . 64
10.10.3 Derivation of ratings for similar variants . 70
10.10.4 Verification assessment . 71
10.11 Short-circuit withstand strength . 74
10.11.1 General . 74
10.11.2 Circuits of ASSEMBLIES which are exempted from the verification of
the short-circuit withstand strength . 74
10.11.3 Verification by comparison with a reference design – Utilising a
check list . 75
10.11.4 Verification by comparison with a reference design – Utilising
calculation . 75
10.11.5 Verification by test . 75

61439-1 © IEC:2011 – 5 –
10.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 80

10.13 Mechanical operation . 80

11 Routine verification . 80

11.1 General . 80

11.2 Degree of protection of enclosures . 81

11.3 Clearances and creepage distances . 81

11.4 Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits . 81

11.5 Incorporation of built-in components . 81

11.6 Internal electrical circuits and connections . 81

11.7 Terminals for external conductors . 81
11.8 Mechanical operation . 82
11.9 Dielectric properties . 82
11.10 Wiring, operational performance and function . 82
Annex A (normative) Minimum and maximum cross-section of copper conductors
suitable for connection to terminals for external conductors (see 8.8) . 90
Annex B (normative) Method of calculating the cross-sectional area of protective
conductors with regard to thermal stresses due to currents of short duration . 91
Annex C (informative) User information template . 92
Annex D (informative) Design verification . 96
Annex E (informative) Rated diversity factor . 97
Annex F (normative) Measurement of clearances and creepage distances . 106
Annex G (normative) Correlation between the nominal voltage of the supply system
and the rated impulse withstand voltage of the equipment . 111
Annex H (informative) Operating current and power loss of copper conductors . 113
Annex I (Void) . 115
Annex J (normative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). 116
Annex K (normative) Protection by electrical separation. 123
Annex L (informative) Clearances and creepage distances for North American region . 126
Annex M (informative) North American temperature rise limits . 127
Annex N (normative) Operating current and power loss of bare copper bars . 128
Annex O (informative) Guidance on temperature rise verification . 130
Annex P (normative) Verification of the short-circuit withstand strength of busbar
structures by comparison with a tested reference design by calculation . 135
Bibliography . 139

Figure E.1 – Typical ASSEMBLY . 98
Figure E.2 – Example 1: Table E.1 – Functional unit loading for an ASSEMBLY with a
rated diversity factor of 0,8 . 100
Figure E.3 – Example 2: Table E.1 – Functional unit loading for an ASSEMBLY with a
rated diversity factor of 0,8 . 101
Figure E.4 – Example 3: Table E.1 – Functional unit loading for an ASSEMBLY with a
rated diversity factor of 0,8 . 102
Figure E.5 – Example 4: Table E.1 – Functional unit loading for an ASSEMBLY with a
rated diversity factor of 0,8 . 103
Figure E.6 – Example of average heating effect calculation . 104
Figure E.7 – Example graph for the relation between the equivalent RDF and the
parameters at intermittent duty at t = 0,5 s, I = 7*I at different cycle times . 105
1 1 2
– 6 – 61439-1 © IEC:2011
Figure E.8 – Example graph for the relation between the equivalent RDF and the

parameters at intermittent duty at I = I (no starting overcurrent) . 105
1 2
Figure F.1 – Measurement of ribs . 110

Figure J.1 – Examples of ports . 116

Figure O.1 – Temperature rise verification methods . 134

Figure P.1 – Tested busbar structure (TS) . 135

Figure P.2 – Non tested busbar structure (NTS) . 136

Figure P.3 – Angular busbar configuration with supports at the corners . 138

a
Table 1 – Minimum clearances in air (8.3.2) . 82
Table 2 – Minimum creepage distances (8.3.3) . 83
Table 3 – Cross-sectional area of a copper protective conductor (8.4.3.2.2) . 83
Table 4 – Conductor selection and installation requirements (8.6.4) . 84
Table 5 – Minimum terminal capacity for copper protective conductors (PE, PEN) (8.8) . 84
Table 6 – Temperature-rise limits (9.2) . 85
a
Table 7 – Values for the factor n (9.3.3) . 86
Table 8 – Power-frequency withstand voltage for main circuits (10.9.2) . 86
Table 9 – Power-frequency withstand voltage for auxiliary and control circuits (10.9.2) . 86
Table 10 – Impulse withstand test voltages (10.9.3) . 87
Table 11 – Copper test conductors for rated currents up to 400 A inclusive
(10.10.2.3.2) . 87
Table 12 – Copper test conductors for rated currents from 400 A to 4 000 A
(10.10.2.3.2) . 88
Table 13 – Short-circuit verification by comparison with a reference design: check list
(10.5.3.3, 10.11.3 and 10.11.4) . 88
Table 14 – Relationship between prospective fault current and diameter of copper wire . 89
Table A.1 – Cross-section of copper conductors suitable for connection to terminals
for external conductors . 90
Table B.1 – Values of k for insulated protective conductors not incorporated in cables,
or bare protective conductors in contact with cable covering . 91
Table C.1 – Template . 92
Table D.1 – List of design verifications to be performed . 96
Table E.1 – Examples of loading for an ASSEMBLY with a rated diversity factor of 0,8 . 99

Table E.2 – Example of loading of a group of circuits (Section B – Figure E.1) with a
rated diversity factor of 0,9 . 104
Table E.3 – Example of loading of a group of circuits (Sub-distribution board – Figure
E.1) with a rated diversity factor of 0,9 . 104
Table F.1 – Minimum width of grooves . 106
Table G.1 – Correspondence between the nominal voltage of the supply system and
the equipment rated impulse withstand voltage . 112
Table H.1 – Operating current and power loss of single-core copper cables with a
permissible conductor temperature of 70 °C (ambient temperature inside the
ASSEMBLY: 55 °C) . 113
Table H.2 – Reduction factor k for cables with a permissible conductor temperature
of 70 °C (extract from IEC 60364-5-52:2009, Table B.52.14). 114
Table J.1 – Tests for EMC immunity for environment A (see J.10.12.1) . 120
Table J.2 – Tests for EMC immunity for environment B (see J.10.12.1) . 121

61439-1 © IEC:2011 – 7 –
Table J.3 – Acceptance criteria when electromagnetic disturbances are present . 122

Table K.1 – Maximum disconnecting times for TN systems . 125

Table L.1 – Minimum clearances in air . 126

Table L.2 – Minimum creepage distances . 126

Table M.1 – North American temperature rise limits . 127

Table N.1 – Operating current and power loss of bare copper bars with rectangular

cross-section, run horizontally and arranged with their largest face vertical, frequency
50 Hz to 60 Hz (ambient temperature inside the ASSEMBLY: 55 °C, temperature of the

conductor 70 °C) . 128

Table N.2 – Factor k for different temperatures of the air inside the ASSEMBLY and/or
for the conductors . 129

– 8 – 61439-1 © IEC:2011
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
LOW-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
AND CONTROLGEAR ASSEMBLIES –
Part 1: General rules
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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International Standard IEC 61439-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 17D: Low-voltage
switchgear and controlgear assemblies, of IEC technical committee 17: Switchgear and
controlgear.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009. It constitutes a
technical revision.
This second edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the
last edition of IEC 61439-1:
• revision of service conditions in Clause 7;
• numerous changes regarding verification methods in Clause 10;
• modification of routine verification in respect of clearances and creepage distances
(see 11.3);
61439-1 © IEC:2011 – 9 –
• adaption of the tables in Annex C and Annex D to the revised requirements and

verification methods;
• revision of the EMC requirements in Annex J;

• shifting of tables from Annex H to new Annex N;

• new Annex O with guidance on temperature rise verification;

• new Annex P with a verification method for short-circuit withstand strength (integration
of the content of IEC/TR 61117);

• update of normative references;

• general editorial review.
NOTE It should be noted that when a dated reference to IEC 60439-1 is made in another Part of the IEC 60439
series of assembly standards not yet transferred into the new IEC 61439 series, the superseded IEC 60439-1 still
applies (see also the Introduction below).
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
17D/441/FDIS 17D/446/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
In this standard, terms written in small capitals are defined in Clause 3.
The “in some countries” notes regarding differing national practices are contained in the
following subclauses:
5.4
8.2.2
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.4.2.3
8.5.5
8.6.6
8.8
9.2
10.11.5.4
10.11.5.6.1
Annex L
Annex M
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61439 series, under the general title Low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear assemblies, can be found on the IEC website.

– 10 – 61439-1 © IEC:2011
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data

related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or

• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
61439-1 © IEC:2011 – 11 –
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this standard is to harmonize as far as practicable all rules and requirements

of a general nature applicable to low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies

(ASSEMBLIES) in order to obtain uniformity of requirements and verification for ASSEMBLIES and

to avoid the need for verification to other standards. All those requirements for the various

ASSEMBLIES standards which can be considered as general have therefore been gathered in

this basic standard together with specific subjects of wide interest and application, e.g.

temperature rise, dielectric properties, etc.

For each type of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly only two main standards

are necessary to determine all requirements and the corresponding methods of verification:
– this basic standard referred to as “Part 1” in the specific standards covering the various
types of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies;
– the specific ASSEMBLY standard hereinafter also referred to as the relevant ASSEMBLY
standard.
For a general rule to apply to a specific ASSEMBLY standard, it should be explicitly referred to
by quoting the relevant clause or sub-clause number of this standard followed by “Part 1” e.g.
“9.1.3 of Part 1”.
A specific ASSEMBLY standard may not require and hence need not call up a general rule
where it is not applicable, or it may add requirements if the general rule is deemed inadequate
in the particular case but it may not deviate from it unless there is substantial technical
justification detailed in the specific ASSEMBLY standard.
Where in this standard a cross-reference is made to another clause, the reference is to be
taken to apply to that clause as amended by the specific ASSEMBLY standard, where
applicable.
Requirements in this standard that are subject to agreement between the ASSEMBLY
manufacturer and the user are summarised in Annex C (informative). This schedule also
facilitates the supply of information on basic conditions and additional user specifications to
enable proper design, application and utilization of the ASSEMBLY.
For the new re-structured IEC 61439 series, the following parts are envisaged:
a) IEC 61439-1: General rules
b) IEC 61439-2: Power switchgear and controlgear ASSEMBLIES (PSC-ASSEMBLIES)
c) IEC 61439-3: Distribution boards (to supersede IEC 60439-3)

d) IEC 61439-4: ASSEMBLIES for construction sites (to supersede IEC 60439-4)
e) IEC 61439-5: ASSEMBLIES for power distribution (to supersede IEC 60439-5)
f) IEC 61439-6: Busbar trunking systems (to supersede IEC 60439-2)
g) IEC/TR 61439-0: Guidance to specifying ASSEMBLIES.
This list is not exhaustive; additional Parts may be developed as the need arises.

– 12 – 61439-1 © IEC:2011
LOW-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
AND CONTROLGEAR ASSEMBLIES –
Part 1: General rules
1 Scope
NOTE 1 Throughout this standard, the term ASSEMBLY (see 3.1.1) is used for a low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear assembly.
This part of the IEC 61439 series lays down the definitions and states the service conditions,
construction requirements, technical characteristics and verification requirements for low-
voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies.
This standard cannot be used alone to specify an ASSEMBLY or used for a purpose of
determining conformity. ASSEMBLIES shall comply with the relevant part of the IEC 61439
series; Parts 2 onwards.
(ASSEMBLIES) only
This standard applies to low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
when required by the relevant ASSEMBLY standard as follows:
– ASSEMBLIES for which the rated voltage does not exceed 1 000 V in case of a.c. or
1 500 V in case of d.c.;
– stationary or movable ASSEMBLIES with or without enclosure;
– ASSEMBLIES intended for use in connection with the generation, transmission,
distribution and conversion of electric energy, and for the control of electric energy
consuming equipment;
– ASSEMBLIES designed for use under special service conditions, for example in ships
and in rail vehicles provided that the other relevant specific requirements are complied
with;
NOTE 2 Supplementary requirements for ASSEMBLIES in ships are covered by IEC 60092-302.
– ASSEMBLIES designed for electrical equipment of machines provided that the other
relevant specific requirements are complied with.
NOTE 3 Supplementary requirements for ASSEMBLIES forming part of a machine are covered by the
IEC 60204 series.
This standard applies to all ASSEMBLIES whether they are d
...