IEC 62281:2019
(Main)Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
IEC 62281:2019 specifies test methods and requirements for primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this document do not apply in those cases where special provisions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide exemptions. NOTE Different standards may apply for lithium-ion traction battery systems used for electrically propelled road vehicles. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) button cell definition revised, moved to coin (cell or battery);
b) addition of provisions for batteries forming an integral part of equipment (5.4);
c) all tests for secondary cells and batteries now also contain a requirement for 25 charge and recharge cycles prior to the test;
d) addition of alternative tables for Table 1 and Table 2 in Annex B;
e) addition of "forcible" to the rupture criteria;
f) test report 6.8 merged with test certificate 6.9 and replaced with the items listed in [13];
g) addition of an informative Annex B with important deviations from the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Chapter 38.3.
Keywords: transport of primary lithium cells and batteries
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
L'IEC 62281:2019 spécifie les méthodes d’essai et les exigences pour les éléments et les batteries de piles et d'accumulateurs au lithium afin de garantir leur sécurité pendant les opérations de transport autres que celles relatives à leur recyclage ou leur mise au rebut. Les exigences spécifiées dans le présent document ne s’appliquent pas aux cas bénéficiant d'exemptions accordées par des dispositions spéciales prévues dans les réglementations applicables énumérées en 7.3. NOTE Différentes normes peuvent s'appliquer aux systèmes de batteries de traction ion-lithium utilisés pour les véhicules routiers électriques. Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2016. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) la définition de l’élément bouton révisée, a été intégrée à celle de (élément ou batterie) bouton;
b) ajout de dispositions pour les batteries faisant partie intégrante du matériel (5.4);
c) tous les essais pour accumulateurs intègrent désormais une exigence de 25 cycles de charge et de recharge avant l’essai.
d) ajout dans l’Annexe B de tableaux alternatifs au Tableau 1 et au Tableau 2;
e) ajout de "violent" aux critères de rupture;
f) le rapport d’essai en 0 a été fusionné avec le certificat d’essai en 6.9 et remplacé par les éléments énumérés dans [13];
g) ajout d’une Annexe B informative indiquant d’importants écarts par rapport au Manuel d’épreuves et de critères et de l'Organisation des Nations unies, Chapitre 38.3.
Mots clés : transports des piles au lithium.
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IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.0 2019-04
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
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and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
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IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.0 2019-04
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-6833-9
– 2 – IEC 62281:2019 RLV IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements for safety . 11
4.1 General considerations . 11
4.2 Quality plan . 11
4.3 Packaging . 11
5 Type testing, sampling and re-testing . 11
5.1 Type testing . 11
5.2 Overcharge protection . 12
5.3 Battery assemblies. 12
5.3.1 General . 12
5.3.2 Small battery assemblies . 12
5.3.3 Large battery assemblies . 12
5.4 Batteries forming an integral part of equipment . 12
5.5 Sampling. 12
5.6 Re-testing . 14
6 Test methods and requirements . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.1.1 Cautionary notice. 14
6.1.2 Ambient temperature . 14
6.1.3 Parameter measurement tolerances . 14
6.1.4 Pre-discharge and pre-cycling . 14
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 15
6.2.1 Shifting . 15
6.2.2 Distortion . 15
6.2.3 Short-circuit . 15
6.2.4 Excessive temperature rise . 15
6.2.5 Leakage . 15
6.2.6 Venting . 15
6.2.7 Fire . 15
6.2.8 Rupture . 16
6.2.9 Explosion . 16
6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview . 16
6.4 Transport tests . 16
6.4.1 Test T-1: Altitude . 16
6.4.2 Test T-2: Thermal cycling . 17
6.4.3 Test T-3: Vibration . 17
6.4.4 Test T-4: Shock . 18
6.4.5 Test T-5: External short-circuit . 19
6.4.6 Test T-6: Impact/crush . 20
6.5 Misuse tests . 21
6.5.1 Test T-7: Overcharge . 21
6.5.2 Test T-8: Forced discharge . 21
6.6 Packaging test – Test P-1: Drop test . 22
6.7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 22
6.8 Test report summary . 23
Transport certificate .
7 Information for safety . 23
7.1 Packaging . 24
7.2 Handling of battery cartons . 24
7.3 Transport . 24
7.3.1 General . 24
7.3.2 Air transport. 24
7.3.3 Sea transport . 24
7.3.4 Land transport . 24
7.3.5 Classification . 24
7.4 Display and Storage . 25
8 Instructions for packaging and handling during transport – Quarantine . 25
9 Marking . 25
9.1 Marking of primary and secondary (rechargeable) cells and batteries . 25
9.2 Marking of the packaging and shipping documents . 25
Annex A (informative) Shock test – adjustment of acceleration for large batteries . 26
A.1 General . 26
A.2 Shock energy depends on mass, acceleration, and pulse duration . 26
A.3 The constant acceleration approach . 27
A.4 The constant energy approach . 28
Annex B (informative) Deviations from Chapter 38.3 of the UN Manual . 29
B.1 General . 29
B.2 Summary table of required tests for primary cells and batteries . 29
B.3 Summary table of required tests for rechargeable cells and batteries . 30
B.4 Evaluation of a rupture . 32
B.5 Evaluation of an explosion . 32
Bibliography . 33
Figure 1 – Example of a test set-up for the impact test. 20
Figure A.1 – Half sine shock for batteries (constant peak acceleration) . 27
Figure A.2 – Half sine shock for batteries (constant energy) . 28
Table 1 – Number of primary test cells and batteries for type testing . 13
Table 2 – Number of secondary test cells and batteries for type testing . 13
Table 3 – Number of packages with primary or secondary test cells and batteries. 14
Table 4 – Mass loss limits . 15
Table 5 – Transport and packaging tests and requirements . 16
Table 6 – Vibration profile (sinusoidal) . 18
Table 7 – Shock parameters . 19
Table B.1 – Summary table of required tests for primary cells and batteries . 30
Table B.2 – Summary table of required tests for rechargeable cells and batteries . 31
– 4 – IEC 62281:2019 RLV IEC 2019
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may
...
IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.0 2019-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
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Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
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Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
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IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.0 2019-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-6661-8
– 2 – IEC 62281:2019 IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements for safety . 11
4.1 General considerations . 11
4.2 Quality plan . 11
4.3 Packaging . 11
5 Type testing, sampling and re-testing . 11
5.1 Type testing . 11
5.2 Overcharge protection . 12
5.3 Battery assemblies. 12
5.3.1 General . 12
5.3.2 Small battery assemblies . 12
5.3.3 Large battery assemblies . 12
5.4 Batteries forming an integral part of equipment . 12
5.5 Sampling. 12
5.6 Re-testing . 13
6 Test methods and requirements . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.1.1 Cautionary notice. 14
6.1.2 Ambient temperature . 14
6.1.3 Parameter measurement tolerances . 14
6.1.4 Pre-discharge and pre-cycling . 14
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 14
6.2.1 Shifting . 14
6.2.2 Distortion . 14
6.2.3 Short-circuit . 15
6.2.4 Excessive temperature rise . 15
6.2.5 Leakage . 15
6.2.6 Venting . 15
6.2.7 Fire . 15
6.2.8 Rupture . 15
6.2.9 Explosion . 15
6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview . 16
6.4 Transport tests . 16
6.4.1 Test T-1: Altitude . 16
6.4.2 Test T-2: Thermal cycling . 16
6.4.3 Test T-3: Vibration . 17
6.4.4 Test T-4: Shock . 18
6.4.5 Test T-5: External short-circuit . 18
6.4.6 Test T-6: Impact/crush . 19
6.5 Misuse tests . 21
6.5.1 Test T-7: Overcharge . 21
6.5.2 Test T-8: Forced discharge . 21
6.6 Packaging test – Test P-1: Drop test . 21
6.7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 22
6.8 Test report summary . 22
7 Information for safety . 23
7.1 Packaging . 23
7.2 Handling of battery cartons . 23
7.3 Transport . 23
7.3.1 General . 23
7.3.2 Air transport. 23
7.3.3 Sea transport . 23
7.3.4 Land transport . 23
7.3.5 Classification . 23
7.4 Storage . 24
8 Instructions for packaging and handling during transport – Quarantine . 24
9 Marking . 24
9.1 Marking of primary and secondary (rechargeable) cells and batteries . 24
9.2 Marking of the packaging and shipping documents . 24
Annex A (informative) Shock test – adjustment of acceleration for large batteries . 25
A.1 General . 25
A.2 Shock energy depends on mass, acceleration, and pulse duration . 25
A.3 The constant acceleration approach . 26
A.4 The constant energy approach . 27
Annex B (informative) Deviations from Chapter 38.3 of the UN Manual . 28
B.1 General . 28
B.2 Summary table of required tests for primary cells and batteries . 28
B.3 Summary table of required tests for rechargeable cells and batteries . 29
B.4 Evaluation of a rupture . 31
B.5 Evaluatio
...
IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.1 2021-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
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et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
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CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
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containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 18 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
A propos de l'IEC
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Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.
A propos des publications IEC
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IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.1 2021-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-9419-2
IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.1 2021-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
– 2 – IEC 62281:2019+AMD1:2021 CSV
IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements for safety . 11
4.1 General considerations . 11
4.2 Quality plan . 11
4.3 Packaging . 11
5 Type testing, sampling and re-testing . 11
5.1 Type testing . 11
5.2 Overcharge protection . 12
5.3 Battery assemblies. 12
5.3.1 General . 12
5.3.2 Small battery assemblies . 12
5.3.3 Large battery assemblies . 12
5.4 Batteries forming an integral part of equipment . 12
5.5 Sampling. 12
5.6 Re-testing . 13
6 Test methods and requirements . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.1.1 Cautionary notice. 14
6.1.2 Ambient temperature . 14
6.1.3 Parameter measurement tolerances . 14
6.1.4 Pre-discharge and pre-cycling . 14
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 14
6.2.1 Shifting . 14
6.2.2 Distortion . 14
6.2.3 Short-circuit . 15
6.2.4 Excessive temperature rise . 15
6.2.5 Leakage . 15
6.2.6 Venting . 15
6.2.7 Fire . 15
6.2.8 Rupture . 15
6.2.9 Explosion . 15
6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview . 16
6.4 Transport tests . 16
6.4.1 Test T-1: Altitude . 16
6.4.2 Test T-2: Thermal cycling . 16
6.4.3 Test T-3: Vibration . 17
6.4.4 Test T-4: Shock . 18
6.4.5 Test T-5: External short-circuit . 18
6.4.6 Test T-6: Impact/crush . 19
6.5 Misuse tests . 21
6.5.1 Test T-7: Overcharge . 21
6.5.2 Test T-8: Forced discharge . 21
IEC 2021
6.6 Packaging test – Test P-1: Drop test . 21
6.7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 22
6.8 Test report summary . 22
7 Information for safety . 23
7.1 Packaging . 23
7.2 Handling of battery cartons . 23
7.3 Transport . 23
7.3.1 General . 23
7.3.2 Air transport. 23
7.3.3 Sea transport . 23
7.3.4 Land transport . 23
7.3.5 Classification . 24
7.4 Storage . 24
8 Instructions for packaging and handling during transport – Quarantine . 24
9 Marking . 24
9.1 Marking of primary and secondary (rechargeable) cells and batteries . 24
9.2 Marking of the packaging and shipping documents . 24
Annex A (informative) Shock test – adjustment of acceleration for large batteries . 25
A.1 General . 25
A.2 Shock energy depends on mass, acceleration, and pulse duration . 25
A.3 The constant acceleration approach . 26
A.4 The constant energy approach . 27
Annex B (informative) Deviations from Chapter 38.3 of the UN Manual . 28
B.1 General .
...
IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.2 2023-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
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IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.2 2023-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-6553-6
IEC 62281 ®
Edition 4.2 2023-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
– 2 – IEC 62281:2019+AMD1:2021
+AMD2:2023 CSV IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
INTRODUCTION to Amendment 2 . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Requirements for safety . 12
4.1 General considerations . 12
4.2 Quality plan . 12
4.3 Packaging . 12
5 Type testing, sampling and re-testing . 12
5.1 Type testing . 12
5.2 Overcharge protection . 13
5.3 Battery assemblies. 13
5.3.1 General . 13
5.3.2 Small battery assemblies . 13
5.3.3 Large battery assemblies . 13
5.4 Batteries forming an integral part of equipment . 13
5.5 Sampling. 14
5.6 Re-testing . 15
6 Test methods and requirements . 15
6.1 General . 15
6.1.1 Cautionary notice. 15
6.1.2 Ambient temperature . 15
6.1.3 Parameter measurement tolerances . 15
6.1.4 Pre-discharge and pre-cycling . 15
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 15
6.2.1 Shifting . 15
6.2.2 Distortion . 16
6.2.3 Short-circuit . 16
6.2.4 Excessive temperature rise . 16
6.2.5 Leakage . 16
6.2.6 Venting . 16
6.2.7 Fire . 16
6.2.8 Rupture . 16
6.2.9 Explosion . 17
6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview . 17
6.4 Transport tests . 17
6.4.1 Test T-1: Altitude . 17
6.4.2 Test T-2: Thermal cycling . 18
6.4.3 Test T-3: Vibration . 18
6.4.4 Test T-4: Shock . 19
6.4.5 Test T-5: External short-circuit . 20
6.4.6 Test T-6: Impact/crush . 21
6.5 Misuse tests . 22
6.5.1 Test T-7: Overcharge . 22
+AMD2:2023 CSV IEC 2023
6.5.2 Test T-8: Forced discharge . 22
6.6 Packaging test – Test P-1: Drop test . 23
6.7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 23
6.8 Test report summary . 24
7 Information for safety . 24
7.1 Packaging . 24
7.2 Handling of battery cartons . 24
7.3 Transport . 24
7.3.1 General . 24
7.3.2 Air transport. 25
7.3.3 Sea transport . 25
7.3.4 Land transport . 25
7.3.5 Classification . 25
7.4 Storage . 25
8 Instructions for packaging and handling during transport – Quarantine . 25
9 Marking . 26
9.1 Marking of primary and secondary (rechargeable) cells and batteries . 26
9.2 Marking of the packaging and shipping documents . 26
Annex A (informative) Shock test – adjustment of acceleration for large batteries . 27
A.1 General . 27
A.2 Shock energy depends on mass, acceleration, and pulse duration . 27
A.3 The constant acceleration approach . 28
A.4 The constant energy approach . 29
Annex B (informative) Deviations from Chapter 38.3 of the UN Manual . 30
B.1 General .
...
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