IEC 60811-511:2012
(Main)Electric and optical fibre cables - Test methods for non-metallic materials - Part 511: Mechanical tests - Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene compounds
Electric and optical fibre cables - Test methods for non-metallic materials - Part 511: Mechanical tests - Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene compounds
IEC 60811-511:2012 describes the procedure for the measurement of the melt flow index for polyethylene compounds. IEC 60811-511:2012 cancels and replaces Clause 10 of IEC 60811-4-1:2004, which is withdrawn. Full details of the replacements are shown in Annex A of IEC 60811-100:2012. There are no specific technical changes with respect to the previous edition, but see the Foreword to IEC 60811-100:2012.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60811-100:2012.
Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques - Méthodes d'essai pour les matériaux non-métalliques - Partie 511: Essais mécaniques - Mesure de l'indice de fluidité à chaud des mélanges polyéthylène
La CEI 60811-511:2012 décrit la méthode de calcul de l'indice de fluidité à chaud pour les mélanges polyéthylène. La CEI 60811-511:2012 annule et remplace l'Article 10 de la CEI 60811-4-1:2004, qui est supprimée. L'ensemble des informations relatives aux remplacements figure dans l'Annexe A de la CEI 60811-100:2012. Aucune modification technique n'a été effectuée par rapport à l'édition précédente; voir cependant l'avant-propos de la CEI 60811-100:2012.
Cette publication doit être lue conjointement avec la CEI 60811-100:2012.
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60811-511 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials –
Part 511: Mechanical tests – Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene
compounds
Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux
non-métalliques –
Partie 511: Essais mécaniques – Mesure de l’indice de fluidité à chaud des
mélanges polyéthylène
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
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IEC 60811-511 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials –
Part 511: Mechanical tests – Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene
compounds
Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux
non-métalliques –
Partie 511: Essais mécaniques – Mesure de l’indice de fluidité à chaud des
mélanges polyéthylène
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX M
ICS 29.035.01; 29.060.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-988-1
– 2 – 60811-511 IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test method . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 Apparatus . 7
4.3 Test samples . 9
4.4 Cleaning and maintenance of the apparatus . 9
4.5 Method A . 10
4.5.1 General . 10
4.5.2 Test procedure . 10
4.5.3 Expression of results . 10
4.6 Method B . 11
4.7 Method C . 11
4.7.1 General . 11
4.7.2 Test procedure . 11
4.7.3 Expression of results . 11
5 Test report. 11
Bibliography . 12
Figure 1 – Apparatus for determining melt flow index . 8
Figure 2 – Die . 9
Table 1 – Definition of types of polyethylene . 6
Table 2 – Time intervals (as a function of melt flow index) used in obtaining cut-offs
and mass of the charge put into the cylinder for methods A and C . 11
60811-511 IEC:2012 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC AND OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES –
TEST METHODS FOR NON-METALLIC MATERIALS –
Part 511: Mechanical tests –
Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene compounds
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60811-511 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 20:
Electric cables.
This Part 511 of IEC 60811 cancels and replaces Clause 10 of IEC 60811-4-1:2004, which is
withdrawn. Full details of the replacements are shown in Annex A of IEC 60811-100:2012.
There are no specific technical changes with respect to the previous edition, but see the
Foreword to IEC 60811-100:2012.
– 4 – 60811-511 IEC:2012
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
20/1307/FDIS 20/1356/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This part of IEC 60811 shall be used in conjunction with IEC 60811-100.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60811 series, published under the general title Electric and
optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials, can be found on the IEC
website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60811-511 IEC:2012 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
The IEC 60811 series specifies the test methods to be used for testing non-metallic materials
of all types of cables. These test methods are intended to be referenced in standards for
cable construction and for cable materials.
NOTE 1 Non-metallic materials are typically used for insulating, sheathing, bedding, filling or taping within cables.
NOTE 2 These test methods are accepted as basic and fundamental and have been developed and used over
many years principally for the materials in all energy cables. They have also been widely accepted and used for
other cables, in particular optical fibre cables, communication and control cables and cables for ships and offshore
applications.
– 6 – 60811-511 IEC:2012
ELECTRIC AND OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES –
TEST METHODS FOR NON-METALLIC MATERIALS –
Part 511: Mechanical tests –
Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene compounds
1 Scope
This Part 511 of IEC 60811 describes the procedure for the measurement of the melt flow
index for polyethylene compounds.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60811-100:2012, Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic
materials – Part 100: General
IEC 60811-606, Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials-
Part 606: Physical tests – Methods for determining the density
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60811-100 apply.
Additionally, for the purposes of this standard, a distinction is made between low-density,
medium-density and high-density PE as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Definition of types of polyethylene
a
Density at 23 °C
Type of polyethylene
g/cm
Low-density polyethylene ≤ 0,925
Medium-density polyethylene
> 0,925 ≤ 0,940
High-density polyethylene
> 0,940
a
These densities refer to unfilled resins as determined by the method specified in IEC 60811-606.
4 Test method
4.1 General
This part of IEC 60811 shall be used in conjunction with Part 100: General
All the tests shall be carried out not less than 16 h after the extrusion of the insulating or
sheathing compounds.
60811-511 IEC:2012 – 7 –
The melt flow index (MFI) of polyethylene and polyethylene compounds is the quantity of
material extruded in 1,5 min or 10 min at 190 °C through a specified die under the action of a
load determined by the method used.
NOTE 1 The same method is also specified in ISO 1133.
NOTE 2 The melt flow index is not applicable to flame retarding polyethylene. Flame retardant PE is defined as
PE containing additives intended to reduce flame propagation.
4.2 Apparatus
The apparatus consists basically of an extrusion plastometer, the general design being as
shown in Figure 1. The compound, which is contained in a vertical cylinder, is extruded
through a die by a loaded piston under controlled temperature conditions. All surfaces of the
apparatus in contact with the material under test shall have a high polish.
The apparatus consists of the following parts:
a) Steel cylinder
A steel cylinder fixed in a vertical position and thermally insulated for operation at 190 °C.
The cylinder shall be at least 115 mm long with an internal diameter of between 9,5 mm
and 10 mm and complying with the requirements in item b) below. The base of the cylinder
shall be thermally insulated if the area of the exposed metal exceeds 4 cm and it is
recommended that the insulating material used be polytetrafluoroethylene (thickness
about 3 mm) in order to avoid the extruded material from sticking.
b) Steel hollow piston
A steel hollow piston with a length at least the same as that of the cylinder. The axes of
the cylinder and of the piston shall coincide and the effective length of the piston shall be
a maximum of 135 mm. There is a head of length (6,35 ± 0,10) mm. The diameter of the
head shall be less than the internal diameter of the cylinder at all points along the working
length of the cylinder by (0,075 ± 0,015) mm. In addition, for calculating the load (see item
c) this diameter should be known within ± 0,025 mm. The lower edge of the head shall
have a radius of 0,4 mm and the upper edge has its sharp edge removed. Above the head,
the piston has a diameter of about 9 mm. A stud may be added at the top of the piston to
support the removable load, but the piston is thermally insulated from this load.
c) Removable load on top of the piston
The combined masses of the load and the piston shall be such that the force P applied is:
– P = 21,2 N in the case of method A (see 4.5);
– P = 49,1 N in the case of method C (see 4.7);
d) Heater
A heater to maintain the polyethylene in the cylinder at a temperature of (190 ± 0,5) °C.
An automatic temperature control is strongly recommended.
e) Temperature measuring device
A temperature measuring device located as closely as possible to the die, but situated
within the body of the cylinder. The measuring device shall be calibrated to permit
temperature measurement to an accuracy of ± 0,1 °C.
f) Die
A die of length (8,000 ± 0,025) mm made of hardened steel, the mean internal diameter
being between 2,090 mm and 2,100 mm and uniform along its length to within ± 0,005 mm
(see Figure 2). The die shall not project beyond the base of the cylinder.
g) Balance
A balance accurate to ± 0,000 5 g.
– 8 – 60811-511 IEC:2012
Dimensions in millimeters
NOTE The figure shows the large external diameter cylinder, die-retaining plate A and insulating plate B.
Key
1 guide collar
Figure 1 – Apparatus for determining melt flow index
60811-511 IEC:2012 – 9 –
Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE The figure shows the small external diameter cylinder with an example method of retaining the die.
Figure 2 – Die
4.3 Test samples
A sample of insulation or sheath of sufficient mass shall be taken from one end of the cable or
wire. The sample shall be cut in pieces, the dimension of which shall not exceed 3 mm in any
direction.
It is permitted to take material from different cores of the same cable.
4.4 Cleaning and maintenance of the apparatus
The apparatus shall be cleaned after each test.
On no account should abrasives or materials likely to damage the surfaces of the piston,
cylinder or die be used in removing superficial polyethylene or in manipulating any part of the
apparatus.
Suitable solvents for cleaning the apparatus are xylene, tetrahydronaphthalene or odourless
kerosene. The piston shall be cleaned while still hot with a cloth dipped in the solvent;
likewise, the cylinder shall also be cleaned while still hot, with a swab dipped in the solvent.
The die shall be cleaned with a closely-fitting brass reamer or wooden peg and then
immersed in boiling solvent.
– 10 – 60811-511 IEC:2012
It is recommended that, at fairly frequent intervals, for example once a week for apparatus in
constant use, the insulating plate and the die-retaining plate, if fitted (see Figure 1), be
removed and the cylinder cleaned thoroughly.
4.5 Method A
4.5.1 General
Method A is suitable for determining the melt flow index (MFI) of a sample of compound
whose MFI is unknown.
The MFI of a compound may be affected by previous thermal and mechanical treatments, and
in particular oxidation will tend to reduce the MFI. Oxidation occurring during the test will
usually cause a systematic reduction in the masses of successive cut-offs. This phenomenon
is not exhibited by compounds containing an anti-oxidant.
4.5.2 Test procedure
The apparatus shall be cleaned (see 4.4). Before beginning a series of tests, the temperature
of the cylinder and piston shall be at (190 ± 0,5) °C for 15 min and this temperature
maintained during the extrusion of the polyethylene.
It is recommended that the temperature measuring device (see item e) of 4.2 be a mercury-in-
glass thermometer located permanently within the mass of the cylinder (see note below).
A low melting-point alloy, such as Wood's metal, improves the thermal contact and its use is
recommended.
NOTE If any other temperature measuring device is used, it should be calibrated at (190 ± 0,5) °C before the
beginning of each series of tests in comparison with a mercury-in-glass thermometer, conforming to item e) of 4.2),
placed within the cylinder and immersed in polyethylene to its appropriate depth of immersion.
The cylinder shall then be charged with a portion of the sample (see Table 2) and the
unloaded piston reinserted into the top of the cylinder.
Four minutes after introducing the sample, during which time the temperature of the cylinder
shall have returned to (190 ± 0,5) °C, the load is placed on the piston to extrude the
polyethylene through the die. The rate of extrusion shall be measured by cutting the extruded
material at regular intervals of time at the die with a suitable sharp-edged instrument to give
short lengths of extruded material referred to as "cut-offs". The time intervals at which each
cut-off is taken are given in Table 2.
Several cut-offs shall be taken within 20 min of the introduction of the sample into the
cylinder. The first cut-off and any containing air bubbles shall be ignored. The remaining
successive cut-offs, of which there shall be at least three, shall be weighed individually to the
nearest milligram and the average mass determined. If the difference between the maximum
and the minimum values of the individual weightings exceeds 10 % of the average, the test
results shall be discarded and the test repeated on a fresh portion of the sample.
4.5.3 Expression of results
The melt flow index (MFI) shall be reported to two significant figures and expressed in g/600 s
as MFI.190.20.A (see NOTE):
600 × m
MFI.190.20.A =
t
where
MFI is expressed in grams per 10 min;
m is the average mass of cut-offs, expressed in grams;
60811-511 IEC:2012 – 11 –
t is the time interval of cut-offs, expressed in seconds.
NOTE 190 = temperature of tests, expressed in degrees Celsius; 20 (or 50 for method C) = approximate load,
expressed in Newtons applied to the melt.
4.6 Method B
Not used.
NOTE This heading is included only for clarity, as it appears in ISO 1133.
4.7 Method C
4.7.1 General
Method C is suitable for determining the MFI of a sample of polyethylene whose MFI,
measured in accordance with method A, is below 1.
4.7.2 Test procedure
The test procedure is the same as for method A.
The time intervals used in obtaining the cut-offs and the mass of the charge put into the
cylinder are given in Table 2.
Table 2 – Time intervals (as a function of melt flow index) used in obtaining cut-offs
and mass of the charge put into the cylinder for methods A and C
Melt flow index Mass of the charge Time
MFI put into the cyl
...
IEC 60811-511 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials –
Part 511: Mechanical tests – Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene
and polypropylene compounds
Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux
non-métalliques –
Partie 511: Essais mécaniques – Mesure de l’indice de fluidité à chaud des
mélanges polyéthylène et polypropylène
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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About the IEC
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 60811-511 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials –
Part 511: Mechanical tests – Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene
and polypropylene compounds
Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux
non-métalliques –
Partie 511: Essais mécaniques – Mesure de l’indice de fluidité à chaud des
mélanges polyéthylène et polypropylène
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.035.01; 29.060.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-4631-3
IEC 60811-511 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials –
Part 511: Mechanical tests – Measurement of the melt flow index of polyethylene
and polypropylene compounds
Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux
non-métalliques –
Partie 511: Essais mécaniques – Mesure de l’indice de fluidité à chaud des
mélanges polyéthylène et polypropylène
– 2 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test method . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 Apparatus . 7
4.3 Test samples . 9
4.4 Cleaning and maintenance of the apparatus . 9
4.5 Method A . 10
4.5.1 General . 10
4.5.2 Test procedure . 10
4.5.3 Expression of results . 10
4.6 Method B . 11
4.7 Method C . 11
4.7.1 General . 11
4.7.2 Test procedure . 11
4.7.3 Expression of results . 11
5 Test report. 11
Bibliography . 12
Figure 1 – Apparatus for determining melt flow index . 8
Figure 2 – Die . 9
Table 1 – Definition of types of polyethylene .
Table 2 – Time intervals (as a function of melt flow index) used in obtaining cut-offs
and mass of the charge put into the cylinder for methods A and C . 11
IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC AND OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES –
TEST METHODS FOR NON-METALLIC MATERIALS –
Part 511: Mechanical tests –
Measurement of the melt flow index
of polyethylene and polypropylene compounds
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been prepared
for user convenience.
IEC 60811-511 edition 1.1 contains the first edition (2012-03) [documents 20/1307/FDIS and
20/1356/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2017-07) [documents 20/1736/FDIS and 20/1741/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendment 1. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text. A
separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this publication.
– 4 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
International Standard IEC 60811-511 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 20:
Electric cables.
There are no specific technical changes with respect to the previous edition, but see
the Foreword to IEC 60811-100:2012.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This part of IEC 60811 shall be used in conjunction with IEC 60811-100.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60811 series, published under the general title Electric and
optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials, can be found on the IEC
website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date,
the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
IEC 2017
INTRODUCTION
The IEC 60811 series specifies the test methods to be used for testing non-metallic materials
of all types of cables. These test methods are intended to be referenced in standards for
cable construction and for cable materials.
NOTE 1 Non-metallic materials are typically used for insulating, sheathing, bedding, filling or taping within cables.
NOTE 2 These test methods are accepted as basic and fundamental and have been developed and used over
many years principally for the materials in all energy cables. They have also been widely accepted and used for
other cables, in particular optical fibre cables, communication and control cables and cables for ships and offshore
applications.
– 6 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
ELECTRIC AND OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES –
TEST METHODS FOR NON-METALLIC MATERIALS –
Part 511: Mechanical tests –
Measurement of the melt flow index
of polyethylene and polypropylene compounds
1 Scope
This Part 511 of IEC 60811 describes the procedure for the measurement of the melt flow
index for polyethylene and polypropylene compounds.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60811-100:2012, Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic
materials – Part 100: General
IEC 60811-606, Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials-
Part 606: Physical tests – Methods for determining the density
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60811-100 apply.
Additionally, for the purposes of this standard, a distinction is made between low-density,
medium-density and high-density PE as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Definition of types of polyethylene
a
Density at 23 °C
Type of polyethylene
g/cm
Low-density polyethylene
≤ 0,925
Medium-density polyethylene > 0,925 ≤ 0,940
High-density polyethylene
> 0,940
a
These densities refer to unfilled resins as determined by the method specified in IEC 60811-606.
4 Test method
4.1 General
This part of IEC 60811 shall be used in conjunction with Part100: General IEC 60811-100.
All the tests shall be carried out not less than 16 h after the extrusion of the insulating or
sheathing compounds.
IEC 2017
The melt flow index (MFI) of polyethylene and polyethylene polypropylene compounds is the
quantity of material extruded in 1,5 min or 10 min at 190 °C a given temperature through a
specified die under the action of a load determined by the method used.
The temperature for polyethylene compounds is 190 °C and for polypropylene compounds it is
230 °C.
NOTE 1 The same method is also specified in ISO 1133 as melt mass-flow rate (MFR) procedure.
NOTE 2 The melt flow index is not applicable to flame retarding polyethylene. Flame retardant PE polyethylene is
defined as PE polyethylene containing additives intended to reduce flame propagation.
4.2 Apparatus
The apparatus consists basically of an extrusion plastometer, the general design being as
shown in Figure 1. The compound, which is contained in a vertical cylinder, is extruded
through a die by a loaded piston under controlled temperature conditions. All surfaces of the
apparatus in contact with the material under test shall have a high polish.
The apparatus consists of the following parts:
a) Steel cylinder
A steel cylinder fixed in a vertical position and thermally insulated for operation at 190 °C.
The cylinder shall be at least 115 mm long with an internal diameter of between 9,5 mm
and 10 mm and complying with the requirements in item b) below. The base of the cylinder
shall be thermally insulated if the area of the exposed metal exceeds 4 cm and it is
recommended that the insulating material used be polytetrafluoroethylene (thickness
about 3 mm) in order to avoid the extruded material from sticking.
b) Steel hollow piston
A steel hollow piston with a length at least the same as that of the cylinder. The axes of
the cylinder and of the piston shall coincide and the effective length of the piston shall be
a maximum of 135 mm. There is a head of length (6,35 ± 0,10) mm. The diameter of the
head shall be less than the internal diameter of the cylinder at all points along the working
length of the cylinder by (0,075 ± 0,015) mm. In addition, for calculating the load (see item
c) this diameter should be known within ± 0,025 mm. The lower edge of the head shall
have a radius of 0,4 mm and the upper edge has its sharp edge removed. Above the head,
the piston has a diameter of about 9 mm. A stud may be added at the top of the piston to
support the removable load, but the piston is thermally insulated from this load.
c) Removable load on top of the piston
The combined masses of the load and the piston shall be such that the force P applied is:
– P = 21,2 N in the case of method A (see 4.5);
– P = 49,1 N in the case of method C (see 4.7);
d) Heater
A heater to maintain the polyethylene compound in the cylinder at a the given temperature
of (190 ± 0,5) °C for polyethylene and of (230 ± 0,5) °C for polypropylene. An automatic
temperature control is strongly recommended.
e) Temperature measuring device
A temperature measuring device located as closely as possible to the die, but situated
within the body of the cylinder. The measuring device shall be calibrated to permit
temperature measurement to an accuracy of ± 0,1 °C.
f) Die
A die of length (8,000 ± 0,025) mm made of hardened steel, the mean internal diameter
being between 2,090 mm and 2,100 mm and uniform along its length to within ± 0,005 mm
(see Figure 2). The die shall not project beyond the base of the cylinder.
– 8 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
g) Balance
A balance accurate to ± 0,000 5 g.
Dimensions in millimeters
NOTE The figure shows the large external diameter cylinder, die-retaining plate A and insulating plate B.
Key
1 guide collar
Figure 1 – Apparatus for determining melt flow index
IEC 2017
Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE The figure shows the small external diameter cylinder with an example method of retaining the die.
Figure 2 – Die
4.3 Test samples
The test shall be carried out on granules or a sample section of insulation or sheath of
sufficient mass shall be taken from one end of the cable or wire. In the latter case, the sample
shall be cut into pieces, the dimension of which shall not exceed 3 mm in any direction.
It is permitted to take material from different cores of the same cable.
4.4 Cleaning and maintenance of the apparatus
The apparatus shall be cleaned after each test.
On no account should abrasives or materials likely to damage the surfaces of the piston,
cylinder or die be used in removing superficial polyethylene compound or in manipulating any
part of the apparatus.
Suitable solvents for cleaning the apparatus are xylene, tetrahydronaphthalene or odourless
kerosene. The piston shall be cleaned while still hot with a cloth dipped in the solvent;
likewise, the cylinder shall also be cleaned while still hot, with a swab dipped in the solvent.
The die shall be cleaned with a closely-fitting brass reamer or wooden peg and then
immersed in boiling solvent.
– 10 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
It is recommended that, at fairly frequent intervals, for example once a week for apparatus in
constant use, the insulating plate and the die-retaining plate, if fitted (see Figure 1), be
removed and the cylinder cleaned thoroughly.
4.5 Method A
4.5.1 General
Method A is suitable for determining the melt flow index (MFI) of a sample of compound
whose MFI is unknown.
The MFI of a compound may be affected by previous thermal and mechanical treatments, and
in particular oxidation will tend to reduce the MFI. Oxidation occurring during the test will
usually cause a systematic reduction in the masses of successive cut-offs. This phenomenon
is not exhibited by compounds containing an anti-oxidant.
4.5.2 Test procedure
The apparatus shall be cleaned (see 4.4). Before beginning a series of tests, the temperature
of the cylinder and piston shall be at (190 ± 0,5) °C for polyethylene or (230 ± 0,5) °C for
polypropylene for 15 min and this temperature maintained during the extrusion of the
polyethylene compound.
It is recommended that the temperature measuring device (see item e) of 4.2 be a mercury-in-
glass thermometer located permanently within the mass of the cylinder (see note below).
A low melting-point alloy, such as Wood's metal, improves the thermal contact and its use is
recommended.
NOTE If any other temperature measuring device is used, it should be calibrated at (190 ±
0,5) °C for polyethylene or (230 ± 0,5) ºC for polypropylene before the beginning of each
series of tests in comparison with a mercury-in-glass thermometer, conforming to item e) of
4.2), placed within the cylinder and immersed in polyethylene the compound to its appropriate
depth of immersion.
The cylinder shall then be charged with a portion of the sample (see Table 2) and the
unloaded piston reinserted into the top of the cylinder.
Four minutes after introducing the sample, during which time the temperature of the cylinder
shall have returned to (190 ± 0,5) °C for polyethylene or (230 ± 0,5) °C for polypropylene, the
load is placed on the piston to extrude the polyethylene compound through the die. The rate
of extrusion shall be measured by cutting the extruded material at regular intervals of time at
the die with a suitable sharp-edged instrument to give short lengths of extruded material
referred to as "cut-offs". The time intervals at which each cut-off is taken are given in Table 2.
Several cut-offs shall be taken within 20 min of the introduction of the sample into the
cylinder. The first cut-off and any containing air bubbles shall be ignored. The remaining
successive cut-offs, of which there shall be at least three, shall be weighed individually to the
nearest milligram and the average mass determined. If the difference between the maximum
and the minimum values of the individual weightings exceeds 10 % of the average, the test
results shall be discarded and the test repeated on a fresh portion of the sample.
4.5.3 Expression of results
The melt flow index (MFI) shall be reported to two significant figures and expressed in g/600 s
as MFI.190.20.A MFI.T.20.A (see NOTE):
600 × m
MFI.190.20.A MFI.T.20.A =
t
where
IEC 2017
MFI is expressed in grams per 10 min;
m is the average mass of cut-offs, expressed in grams;
t is the time interval of cut-offs, expressed in seconds.
NOTE 190 T = temperature of tests, expressed in degrees Celsius; 20 (or 50 for method C) = approximate load,
expressed in newtons applied to the melt.
4.6 Method B
Not used.
NOTE This heading is included only for clarity, as it appears in ISO 1133 as melt volume-flow rate (MVR)
procedure.
4.7 Method C
4.7.1 General
Method C is suitable for determining the MFI of a sample of polyethylene compound whose
MFI, measured in accordance with method A, is below 1.
4.7.2 Test procedure
The test procedure is the same as for method A.
The time intervals used in obtaining the cut-offs and the mass of the charge put into the
cylinder are given in Table 2.
Table 2 – Time intervals (as a function of melt flow index) used in obtaining cut-offs
and mass of the charge put into the cylinder for methods A and C
Melt flow index Mass of the charge Time
MFI put into the cylinder intervals
g s
0,1 to 0,5 4 to 5 240
0,5 to 1 4 to 5 120
1 to 3,5 4 to 5 60
4.7.3 Expression of results
The MFI shall be reported to two significant figures (see NOTE of 4.5.3) and expressed in
g/150 s as MFI.190.50.C MFI.T.50.C):
150 × m
MFI.190.50.C MFI.T.50.C =
t
NOTE The use of a shorter reference time (150 s) with a heavier load (50 N) gives results quoted on scale C
which agree approximately with results that would have been obtained had method A and scale A been used.
There is, however, no direct correlation between scales A and C.
5 Test report
The test report shall be in accordance with that given in IEC 60811-100.
– 12 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
Bibliography
IEC 60811-4-1:2004, Insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical cables –
Common test methods – Part 4-1: Methods specific to polyethylene and polypropylene
compounds – Resistance to environmental stress cracking – Measurement of the melt flow
index – Carbon black and/or mineral filler content measurement in polyethylene by direct
combustion – Measurement of carbon black content by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) –
Assessment of carbon black dispersion in polyethylene using a microscope
(withdrawn)
ISO 1133, Plastics – Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume-
flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics
___________
– 14 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 15
INTRODUCTION . 17
1 Domaine d’application . 18
2 Références normatives . 18
3 Termes et définitions . 18
4 Méthode d’essai . 19
4.1 Généralités. 19
4.2 Appareillage . 19
4.3 Echantillons d’essai . 22
4.4 Nettoyage et entretien de l’appareil . 22
4.5 Méthode A . 23
4.5.1 Généralités . 23
4.5.2 Méthode d’essai . 23
4.5.3 Expression des résultats. 23
4.6 Méthode B . 24
4.7 Méthode C . 24
4.7.1 Généralités . 24
4.7.2 Mode opératoire . 24
4.7.3 Expression des résultats. 25
5 Rapport d’essai . 25
Bibliographie . 26
Figure 1 – Appareil pour la détermination de l’indice de fluidité à chaud . 21
Figure 2 – Filière . 22
Tableau 1 – Distinction entre les différents niveaux de polyéthylene .
Tableau 2 – Intervalles de temps (en fonction de l’indice de fluidité) utilisés pour
obtenir les extrudats et masse d’échantillon à introduire dans le cylindre, pour les
méthodes A et C . 24
IEC 2017
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
CÂBLES ÉLECTRIQUES ET À FIBRES OPTIQUES –
MÉTHODES D’ESSAI POUR LES MATÉRIAUX NON-MÉTALLIQUES –
Partie 511: Essais mécaniques –
Mesure de l’indice de fluidité à chaud des mélanges
polyéthylène et polypropylène
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation
composée de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de l’IEC). L’IEC a pour
objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines
de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, l’IEC – entre autres activités – publie des Normes
internationales, des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au
public (PAS) et des Guides (ci-après dénommés "Publication(s) de l’IEC"). Leur élaboration est confiée à des
comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’IEC, participent
également aux travaux. L’IEC collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO),
selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de l’IEC concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure
du possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux de l’IEC
intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les Publications de l’IEC se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités nationaux de l’IEC. Tous les efforts raisonnables sont entrepris afin que l’IEC
s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; l’IEC ne peut pas être tenue responsable de
l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de l’IEC s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de l’IEC dans leurs publications nationales
et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de l’IEC et toutes publications nationales ou
régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) L’IEC elle-même ne fournit aucune attestation de conformité. Des organismes de certification indépendants
fournissent des services d'évaluation de conformité et, dans certains secteurs, accèdent aux marques de
conformité de l’IEC. L’IEC n'est responsable d'aucun des services effectués par les organismes de certification
indépendants.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication.
7) Aucune responsabilité ne doit être imputée à l’IEC, à ses administrateurs, employés, auxiliaires ou
mandataires, y compris ses experts particuliers et les membres de ses comités d'études et des Comités
nationaux de l’IEC, pour tout préjudice causé en cas de dommages corporels et matériels, ou de tout autre
dommage de quelque nature que ce soit, directe ou indirecte, ou pour supporter les coûts (y compris les frais
de justice) et les dépenses découlant de la publication ou de l'utilisation de cette Publication de l’IEC ou de
toute autre Publication de l’IEC, ou au crédit qui lui est accordé.
8) L'attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication. L'utilisation de publications
référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication.
9) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Publication de l’IEC peuvent faire
l’objet de droits de brevet. L’IEC ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits
de brevets et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
Cette version consolidée de la Norme IEC officielle et de son amendement a été préparée pour
la commodité de l'utilisateur.
L'IEC 60811-511 édition 1.1 contient la première édition (2012-03) [documents 20/1307/FDIS et
20/1356/RVD] et son amendement 1 (2017-07) [documents 20/1736/FDIS et 20/1741/RVD].
Dans cette version Redline, une ligne verticale dans la marge indique où le contenu technique
est modifié par l’amendement 1. Les ajouts sont en vert, les suppressions sont en rouge,
barrées. Une version Finale avec toutes les modifications acceptées est disponible dans cette
publication.
– 16 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
La Norme internationale IEC 60811-511 a été établie par le comité d’études 20 de l’IEC:
Câbles électriques.
Aucune modification technique n’a été effectuée par rapport à l’édition précédente;
voir cependant l’avant-propos de l’IEC 60811-100:2012.
Cette publication a été rédigée selon les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2.
La présente partie de l’IEC 60811 doit être utilisée conjointement avec l’IEC 60811-100.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série IEC 60811, publiées sous le titre général Câbles
électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux non-métalliques, peut
être consultée sur le site web de l’IEC.
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de la publication de base et de son amendement ne sera
pas modifié avant la date de stabilité indiquée sur le site web de l’IEC sous
"http://webstore.iec.ch" dans les données relatives à la publication recherchée. A cette date,
la publication sera
• reconduite,
• supprimée,
• remplacée par une édition révisée, ou
• amendée.
IMPORTANT – Le logo "colour inside" qui se trouve sur la page de couverture de cette
publication indique qu'elle contient des couleurs qui sont considérées comme utiles à
une bonne compréhension de son contenu. Les utilisateurs devraient, par conséquent,
imprimer cette publication en utilisant une imprimante couleur.
IEC 2017
INTRODUCTION
La série IEC 60811 précise les méthodes à employer pour les essais des matériaux non-
métalliques sur tous les types de câbles. Ces méthodes d’essai seront citées en référence
dans les normes relatives à la construction des câbles et aux matériaux des câbles.
NOTE 1 Les matériaux non-métalliques sont généralement utilisés pour l’isolation, le gainage, le matelassage, le
remplissage ou le rubanage des câbles.
NOTE 2 Ces méthodes d’essai sont reconnues comme fondamentales; elles ont été développées et utilisées
durant de nombreuses années, principalement pour les matériaux dans tous les câbles de distribution d’énergie.
Elles ont aussi été largement reconnues et utilisées pour d’autres types de câbles, en particulier les câbles à fibres
optiques, les câbles de communication et de commande, ainsi que les câbles utilisés à bord des navires et dans
les applications offshore.
– 18 – IEC 60811-511:2012+AMD1:2017 CSV
IEC 2017
CÂBLES ÉLECTRIQUES ET À FIBRES OPTIQUES –
MÉTHODES D’ESSAI POUR LES MATÉRIAUX NON-MÉTALLIQUES –
Partie 511: Essais mécaniques –
Mesure de l’indice de fluidité à chaud des mélanges
polyéthylène et polypropylène
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Partie 511 de l’IEC 60811 décrit la méthode de calcul de l’indice de fluidité à
chaud pour les mélanges polyéthylène et polypropylène.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités en référence de manière normative, en intégralité ou en
partie, dans le présent document et sont indispensables pour son application. Pour les
références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les références non datées, la
dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
IEC 60811-100:2012, Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les
matériaux non-métalliques – Partie 100: Généralités
IEC 60811-606, Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux
non-métalliques – Partie 606: Essais physiques – Méthodes de détermination de la masse
volumique
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans la
IEC 60811-100 s’appliquent.
De plus, pour les besoins de la présente norme, la distinction entre le polyéthylène basse
densité, moyenne densité et haute densité est faite selon les explications présentées au
Tableau 1.
Tableau 1 – Distinction entre les différents niveaux de polyéthylene
a
Densité à 23 °C
Type de polyéthylène
g/cm
Polyéthylène basse densité
≤ 0,925
Polyéthylène moyenne densité > 0,925 ≤ 0,940
Polyéthylène haute densité
> 0,940
a
Les densités se rapportent aux résines non chargées et sont déterminées au moyen de la méthode spécifiée
dans l’IEC 60811-606.
IEC 2017
4 Méthode d’essai
4.1 Généralités
La présente partie de l’IEC 60811 doit être utilisée conjointement avec l’IEC 60811-100.
Tous les essais doivent être réalisés au moins 16 h après l’extrusion ou la réticulation, s’il y a
lieu, des mélanges d’isolation et de gainage.
L’indice de fluidité à chaud (IFC) du polyéthylène et des mélanges à base de polyéthylène et
polypropylène correspond à la masse de matériau extrudé en 1,5 min ou 10 min à 190 °C à
une température donnée à travers une filière déterminée, sous l’action d’une charge spécifiée
par la méthode utilisée.
La température pour les mélanges polyéthylène est de 190 °C et pour les mélanges
polypropylène, elle est de 230 °C.
NOTE 1 La même méthode est spécifiée également dans l’ISO 1133 comme mode opératoire pour l’indice de
fluidité à chaud en masse (MFR, mass-flow rate).
NOTE 2 L’indice de fluidité à chaud n’est pas appliqué au polyéthylène retardateur de flamme. Le PE
polyéthylène retardateur de flamme est défini comme un PE polyéthylène contenant des additifs destinés à limiter
la propagation des flammes.
4.2 Appareillage
L'appareillage est basé sur une extrusion plastomère, le schéma étant présenté à la Figure 1.
Le mélange contenu dans le cylindre vertical est extrudé à travers une filière sous la poussée
de la charge d'un piston dans les conditions de température contrôlées. Toutes les surfaces
de l'appareillage en contact avec le matériau en essai doivent être bien polies.
L'appareillage comporte les parties suivantes:
a) Un cylindre en acier
Un cylindre en acier fixé verticalement et isolé thermiquement afin de pouvoir opérer à
190 °C. Le cylindre doit avoir au moins 115 mm de longueur, avec un diamètre intérieur
compris entre 9,5 mm et 10 mm et doit satisfaire aux exigences du point b) ci-dessous.
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