Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas

IEC 62037-6:2013 defines test fixtures and procedures recommended for measuring levels of passive intermodulation generated by antennas, typically used in wireless communication systems. The purpose is to define qualification and acceptance test methods for antennas for use in low intermodulation (low IM) applications.

Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d'intermodulation - Partie 6: Mesure de l'intermodulation passive dans les antennes

La CEI 62037-6:2013 définit les dispositifs et les procédures d'essai recommandés pour mesurer les niveaux d'intermodulation passive générés par les antennes, généralement utilisées dans les systèmes de communication sans fil. L'objectif est de définir des méthodes d'essai de qualification et d'acceptation pour les antennes destinées à être utilisées dans des applications d'intermodulation basse (IM basse).

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Status
Published
Publication Date
15-Jan-2013
Current Stage
DELPUB - Deleted Publication
Start Date
31-Jan-2020
Completion Date
23-Nov-2021
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IEC 62037-6 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
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About the IEC
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

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IEC 62037-6 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –

Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
M
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-83220-581-5

– 2 – 62037-6 © IEC:2013(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3

1 Scope . 5

2 Normative references . 5

3 Abbreviations . 5

4 Antenna definitions as it pertains to PIM . 5

4.1 Antenna . 5

4.2 Antenna under test . 6

4.3 Active antenna . 6
4.4 Antenna PIM . 6
5 Antenna design and field installation considerations . 6
5.1 Environmental effects on PIM performance . 6
5.2 Antenna interface connection . 6
5.3 Mounting considerations to avoid PIM generation . 6
5.4 Neighbouring sources of interference . 7
5.5 Standard practices and guidelines for material selection . 7
6 PIM measurement considerations . 7
6.1 Quality assurance process and handling procedures . 7
6.2 Measurement accuracy . 7
6.3 Test environment. 8
6.4 Safety . 8
6.5 Test set-up . 8
6.5.1 Coaxial test cable assemblies . 8
6.5.2 Defining a good low PIM reference load . 8
6.5.3 Test set-up and test site baseline PIM verification . 8
6.6 PIM test configurations . 9
6.7 Combined environmental and PIM testing . 10
6.7.1 General . 10
6.7.2 Mechanical considerations . 10
6.7.3 Test system cables and connectors . 11
6.8 PIM test chamber design . 11
6.8.1 General . 11
6.8.2 RF absorber materials . 11

6.8.3 Supporting structures and walls . 12
6.8.4 RF shielding . 12

Figure 1 – Antenna reverse PIM test set-up . 9
Figure 2 – Antenna forward PIM test set-up . 10

62037-6 © IEC:2013(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,

INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –

Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 62037-6 has been prepared by technical committee 46: Cables,
wires, waveguides, r.f. connectors, r.f. and microwave passive components and accessories.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
46/410/FDIS 46/422/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62037 series, published under the general title Passive RF
and microwave devices, Intermodulation level measurement can be found on the IEC website.

– 4 – 62037-6 © IEC:2013(E)
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until

the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data

related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or

• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

62037-6 © IEC:2013(E) – 5 –
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,

INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –

Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62037 defines test fixtures and procedures recommended for measuring
levels of passive intermodulation generated by antennas, typically used in wireless
communication systems. The purpose is to define qualification and acceptance test methods
for antennas for use in low intermodulation (low IM) applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62037-1:2012, Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
IEC 62037-3, Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 3: Measurement of passive intermodulation in coaxial connectors
3 Abbreviations
AIM Active intermodulation
AUT Antenna under test
ESD Electrostatic discharge
HPA High power amplifier
IM Intermodulation
LNA Low noise amplifier
PIM Passive intermodulation
RF Radio frequency
4 Antenna definitions as it pertains to PIM
4.1 Antenna
An antenna is that part of a radio transmitting or receiving system which is designed to
provide the required coupling between a transmitter or a receiver and the medium in which the
radio wave propagates.
The antenna consists of a number of parts or components. These components include, but
are not limited to, one or many radiating elements, one or many RF interfaces, a distribution
or combining feed network, internal support structures, devices which control or adjust the
amplitude/phase response and distribution to the radiating element(s), filters, diplexers,
orthomode transducers, polarizers, waveguides, coaxial cables or printed circuits. In addition,
peripheral components could also influence the PIM performance of the antenna. These

– 6 – 62037-6 © IEC:2013(E)
components may include, but are not limited to, mounting brackets, mounting hardware,

radome, radome fasteners, thermal insulation and grounding hardware.

4.2 Antenna under test
The antenna hardware can have an effect on the overall antenna PIM performance.

Therefore, it is necessary to spe
...


IEC 62037-6 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas

Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –
Partie 6: Mesure de l’intermodulation passive dans les antennes

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
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IEC 62037-6 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –

Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas

Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –

Partie 6: Mesure de l’intermodulation passive dans les antennes

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX M
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1345-2

– 2 – 62037-6 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Abbreviations . 5
4 Antenna definitions as it pertains to PIM . 5
4.1 Antenna . 5
4.2 Antenna under test . 6
4.3 Active antenna . 6
4.4 Antenna PIM . 6
5 Antenna design and field installation considerations . 6
5.1 Environmental effects on PIM performance . 6
5.2 Antenna interface connection . 6
5.3 Mounting considerations to avoid PIM generation . 6
5.4 Neighbouring sources of interference . 7
5.5 Standard practices and guidelines for material selection . 7
6 PIM measurement considerations . 7
6.1 Quality assurance process and handling procedures . 7
6.2 Measurement accuracy . 7
6.3 Test environment. 8
6.4 Safety . 8
6.5 Test set-up . 8
6.5.1 Coaxial test cable assemblies . 8
6.5.2 Defining a good low PIM reference load . 8
6.5.3 Test set-up and test site baseline PIM verification . 8
6.6 PIM test configurations . 9
6.7 Combined environmental and PIM testing . 10
6.7.1 General . 10
6.7.2 Mechanical considerations . 10
6.7.3 Test system cables and connectors . 11
6.8 PIM test chamber design . 11
6.8.1 General . 11
6.8.2 RF absorber materials . 11
6.8.3 Supporting structures and walls . 12
6.8.4 RF shielding . 12

Figure 1 – Antenna reverse PIM test set-up . 9
Figure 2 – Antenna forward PIM test set-up . 10

62037-6 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –

Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62037-6 has been prepared by technical committee 46: Cables,
wires, waveguides, r.f. connectors, r.f. and microwave passive components and accessories.
This bilingual version (2014-01) correspo
...

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