IEC 61215-1-1:2021

IEC 61215-1-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-02
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval –

Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV)

modules
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-9487-1

– 2 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope and object . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Test samples . 7
5 Marking and documentation . 7
6 Testing . 7
7 Pass criteria . 7
8 Major visual defects . 7
9 Report . 7
10 Modifications . 7
11 Test flow and procedures . 8
11.1 Visual inspection (MQT 01) . 8
11.2 Maximum power determination (MQT 02) . 8
11.3 Insulation test (MQT 03) . 8
11.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients (MQT 04) . 8
11.5 Measurement of nominal module operating temperature (NMOT) (MQT 05)
Placeholder section, formerly NMOT . 8
11.6 Performance at STC (MQT 06.1) and NMOT (MQT 06.2) . 8
11.7 Performance at low irradiance (MQT 07) . 8
11.8 Outdoor exposure test (MQT 08) . 8
11.9 Hot-spot endurance test (MQT 09) . 8
11.9.1 Purpose . 8
11.9.2 Classification of cell interconnection . 8
11.9.3 Apparatus . 8
11.9.4 Procedure . 9
11.9.5 Final measurements . 9
11.9.6 Requirements . 9
11.10 UV preconditioning test (MQT 10) . 9
11.11 Thermal cycling test (MQT 11) . 9
11.12 Humidity-freeze test (MQT 12) . 9
11.13 Damp heat test (MQT 13) . 9
11.14 Robustness of terminations test (MQT 14) . 10
11.15 Wet leakage current test (MQT 15) . 10
11.16 Static mechanical load test (MQT 16) . 10
11.17 Hail test (MQT 17) . 10
11.18 Bypass diode thermal testing (MQT 18) . 10
11.19 Stabilization (MQT 19) . 10
11.19.1 Criterion definition for stabilization . 10
11.19.2 Light induced stabilization procedures . 10
11.19.3 Other stabilization procedures . 10
11.19.4 Initial stabilization (MQT 19.1) . 10
11.19.5 Final stabilization (MQT 19.2) . 11
11.20 Cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) . 12
11.21 Potential induced degradation test (MQT 21) . 12

11.22 Bending test (MQT 22) . 12

Figure 1 – Flow chart summary of MQT 19.2 . 12

– 4 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES –
DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL –

Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline
silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of
IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other
IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes made to
the previous edition IEC 61215-1-1.2016. A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change
has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text.

International Standard IEC 61215-1-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar
photovoltaic energy systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-1, issued in 2016, and
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b) A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c) A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules added.
d) A procedure for stress specific stabilization – BO LID (MQT 19.3) added.
e) A final stabilization procedure for modules undergoing PID testing added.
Informative Annex A of IEC 61215-1:2021 explains the background and reasoning behind some
of the more substantial changes that were made in the IEC 61215 series in progressing from
edition 1 to edition 2.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
82/1824/FDIS 82/1849/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61215 series, published under the general title Terrestrial
photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval, can be found on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 6 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES –
DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL –

Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline
silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules

1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 61215 lays down IEC requirements for the design qualification and type
approval of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in general open air
climates, as defined in IEC 60721-2-1. This standard is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon
terrestrial flat plate modules.
This standard does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are
performed using the current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.
The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical and thermal characteristics of the
module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure in climates described in the scope. The
actual lifetime expectancy of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment
and the conditions under which they are operated.
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules
so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they
are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. In
th
climates where 98 percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended
to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126.
Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended
to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under
development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215
appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality
systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are
performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module
is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are
empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are
applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and
thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated
test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that
are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient

level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215
series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests procedures described
in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:20162021 and IEC 61215-2:20162021.
2 Normative references
The normative references of IEC 61215-1:20162021 and IEC 61215-2:20162021 are applicable
without modifications.
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of IEC 61215-1:20162021 is applicable without modifications.
4 Test samples
This clause of IEC 61215-1:20162021 is applicable without modifications.
5 Marking and documentation
This clause of IEC 61215-1:20162021 is applicable without modifications.
6 Testing
This clause of IEC 61215-1:20162021 is applicable without modifications.
7 Pass criteria
This clause of IEC 61215-1:20162021 is applicable without with the modifications listed below:
The maximum allowable value of reproducibility is set to r = 1,0 %.
= 3,0 %.
The maximum allowable value of measurement uncertainty is set to m
8 Major visual defects
This clause of IEC 61215-1:20162021 is applicable without modifications.
9 Report
This clause of IEC 61215-1:20162021 is applicable without modifications.
10 Modifications
This clause of IEC 61215-1:20162021 is applicable without modifications.

IEC 61215-1-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval –
Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV)
modules
Modules photovoltaïques (PV) pour applications terrestres – Qualification de la
conception et homologation –
Partie 1-1: Exigences particulières d'essai des modules photovoltaïques (PV) au
silicium cristallin
– 2 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test samples . 6
5 Marking and documentation . 6
6 Testing . 6
7 Pass criteria . 6
8 Major visual defects . 6
9 Report . 6
10 Modifications . 6
11 Test flow and procedures . 6
11.1 Visual inspection (MQT 01) . 6
11.2 Maximum power determination (MQT 02) . 6
11.3 Insulation test (MQT 03) . 6
11.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients (MQT 04) . 7
11.5 Placeholder section, formerly NMOT . 7
11.6 Performance at STC (MQT 06.1) . 7
11.7 Performance at low irradiance (MQT 07) . 7
11.8 Outdoor exposure test (MQT 08) . 7
11.9 Hot-spot endurance test (MQT 09) . 7
11.9.1 Purpose . 7
11.9.2 Classification of cell interconnection . 7
11.9.3 Apparatus . 7
11.9.4 Procedure . 7
11.9.5 Final measurements . 7
11.9.6 Requirements . 7
11.10 UV preconditioning test (MQT 10) . 7
11.11 Thermal cycling test (MQT 11) . 8
11.12 Humidity-freeze test (MQT 12) . 8
11.13 Damp heat test (MQT 13) . 8
11.14 Robustness of terminations(MQT 14) . 8
11.15 Wet leakage current test (MQT 15) . 8
11.16 Static mechanical load test (MQT 16) . 8
11.17 Hail test (MQT 17) . 8
11.18 Bypass diode testing (MQT 18) . 8
11.19 Stabilization (MQT 19) . 9
11.19.1 Criterion definition for stabilization . 9
11.19.2 Light induced stabilization procedures . 9
11.19.3 Other stabilization procedures . 9
11.19.4 Initial stabilization (MQT 19.1) . 9
11.19.5 Final stabilization (MQT 19.2) . 9
11.20 Cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) . 11
11.21 Potential induced degradation test (MQT 21) . 11
11.22 Bending test (MQT 22) . 11
Figure 1 – Flow chart summary of MQT 19.2 . 11

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES –
DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL –

Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline
silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electron
...

IEC 61215-1-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval –
Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV)
modules
Modules photovoltaïques (PV) pour applications terrestres – Qualification de la
conception et homologation –
Partie 1-1: Exigences particulières d'essai des modules photovoltaïques (PV) au
silicium cristallin
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IEC 61215-1-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval –

Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV)

modules
Modules photovoltaïques (PV) pour applications terrestres – Qualification de la

conception et homologation –
Partie 1-1: Exigences particulières d'essai des modules photovoltaïques (PV) au

silicium cristallin
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-1015-9

– 2 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test samples . 6
5 Marking and documentation . 6
6 Testing . 6
7 Pass criteria . 6
8 Major visual defects . 6
9 Report . 6
10 Modifications . 6
11 Test flow and procedures . 6
11.1 Visual inspection (MQT 01) . 6
11.2 Maximum power determination (MQT 02) . 6
11.3 Insulation test (MQT 03) . 6
11.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients (MQT 04) . 7
11.5 Placeholder section, formerly NMOT . 7
11.6 Performance at STC (MQT 06.1) . 7
11.7 Performance at low irradiance (MQT 07) . 7
11.8 Outdoor exposure test (MQT 08) . 7
11.9 Hot-spot endurance test (MQT 09) . 7
11.9.1 Purpose . 7
11.9.2 Classification of cell interconnection . 7
11.9.3 Apparatus . 7
11.9.4 Procedure . 7
11.9.5 Final measurements . 7
11.9.6 Requirements . 7
11.10 UV preconditioning test (MQT 10) . 7
11.11 Thermal cycling test (MQT 11) . 8
11.12 Humidity-freeze test (MQT 12) . 8
11.13 Damp heat test (MQT 13) . 8
11.14 Robustness of terminations(MQT 14) . 8
11.15 Wet leakage current test (MQT 15) . 8
11.16 Static mechanical load test (MQT 16) . 8
11.17 Hail test (MQT 17) . 8
11.18 Bypass diode testing (MQT 18) . 8
11.19 Stabilization (MQT 19) . 9
11.19.1 Criterion definition for stabilization . 9
11.19.2 Light induced stabilization procedures . 9
11.19.3 Other stabilization procedures . 9
11.19.4 Initial stabilization (MQT 19.1) . 9
11.19.5 Final stabilization (MQT 19.2) . 9
11.20 Cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) . 11
11.21 Potential induced degradation test (MQT 21) . 11
11.22 Bending test (MQT 22) . 11
Figure 1 – Flow chart summary of MQT 19.2 . 11

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES –
DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL –

Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline
silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as
"IEC Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee
interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and
non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates
closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined
by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of
IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other
IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61215-1-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82:
Solar photovoltaic energy systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-1, issued in 2016,
and constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b) A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c) A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules added.
d) A procedure for stress specific stabilization – BO LID (MQT 19.3) added.

– 4 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021
e) A final stabilization procedure for modules undergoing PID testing added.
Informative Annex A of IEC 61215-1:2021 explains the background and reasoning behind
some of the more substantial changes that were made in the IEC 61215 series in progressing
from edition 1 to edition 2.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
82/1824/FDIS 82/1849/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61215 series, published under the general title Terrestrial
photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval, can be found on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES –
DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL –

Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline
silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules

1 Scope
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
th
lifetime. In climates where 98 percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126.
Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended
to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163
(under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in
IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941
regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests
procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
2 Normative references
The normative references of IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 are applicable without
modifications.
– 6 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable without modifications.
4 Test samples
This clause of IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable without modifications.
5 Marking and documentation
This clause of IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable without modifications.
6 Testing
This clause of IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable without modifications.
7 Pass criteria
This clause of IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable with the modifications listed below:
The maximum allowable value of reproducibility is set to r = 1,0 %.
The maximum allowable value of measurement uncertainty is set to m = 3,0 %.
8 Major visual defects
This clause of IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable without modifications.
9 Report
This clause of IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable without modifications.
10 Modifications
This clause of IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11 Test flow and procedures
The test flow from IEC 61215-1:2021 is applicable.
11.1 Visual inspection (MQT 01)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.2 Maximum power determination (MQT 02)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.3 Insulation test (MQT 03)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.

11.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients (MQT 04)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.5 Placeholder section, formerly NMOT
This subclause of IEC 61215-2:2021 does not require technology-specific modifications.
11.6 Performance at STC (MQT 06.1)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.7 Performance at low irradiance (MQT 07)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.8 Outdoor exposure test (MQT 08)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.9 Hot-spot endurance test (MQT 09)
The relevant subclause of IEC 61215-2:2021, test MQT 09, is applicable without
modifications.
11.9.1 Purpose
The relevant subclause of IEC 61215-2:2021, test MQT 09, is applicable without
modifications.
11.9.2 Classification of cell interconnection
The relevant subclause of IEC 61215-2:2021, test MQT 09, is applicable without
modifications.
11.9.3 Apparatus
The relevant subclause of IEC 61215-2:2021, test MQT 09, is applicable without
modifications.
11.9.4 Procedure
MQT 09.1 shall be performed in accordance to IEC 61215-2:2021.
11.9.5 Final measurements
The relevant subclause of IEC 61215-2:2021, test MQT 09, is applicable without
modifications.
11.9.6 Requirements
The relevant subclause of IEC 61215-2:2021, test MQT 09, is applicable without
modifications.
11.10 UV preconditioning test (MQT 10)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.

– 8 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021
11.11 Thermal cycling test (MQT 11)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
For monofacial modules, the technology specific current which needs to be applied according
to test MQT 11 of IEC 61215-2:2021, shall be equal to the STC peak power current. For
bifacial modules, the technology specific current which needs to be applied according to test
MQT 11 of IEC 61215-2:2021, shall be equal to the peak power current at the elevated
irradiance level BSI, as defined in IEC 61215-1,3.12. The peak power current at irradiance
) may be determined either by a measurement (MQT 06.1) at irradiance BSI, or by
BSI (I
mp-BSI
assuming linearity of peak power current with irradiance. Assuming linearity allows one to
calculate I , using I values measured for Gate No. 1 (I and I ), and the
mp-BSI mp mp-STC mp-BNPI
-2
relevant equivalent irradiances: 1 000 Wm , G , and G . To extrapolate I , these
BNPI BSI mp-BSI
quantities are combined as follows:
(𝐼𝐼 − 𝐼𝐼 )
mp−BNPI mp−STC
( )
𝐼𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼 + × 𝐺𝐺 −𝐺𝐺
mp−BSI mp−BNPI −2 BSI BNPI
𝐺𝐺 − 1000 Wm
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
In the above formula, equivalent irradiance is calculated as in IEC TS 60904-1-2, specifically:
−2 −2
𝐺𝐺 = 1 000 Wm +φ × 135 Wm
BNPI
−2 −2
𝐺𝐺 = 1 000 Wm +φ × 300 Wm
BSI
φ = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀(φ ,φ )
𝐼𝐼sc 𝑃𝑃max
11.12 Humidity-freeze test (MQT 12)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.13 Damp heat test (MQT 13)
This test of IEC 61215- 2:2021 shall be performed without modifications. Modules shall be
subject to the requirements in MQT 19.2 prior to evaluation of gate No. 2.
11.14 Robustness of terminations (MQT 14)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.15 Wet leakage current test (MQT 15)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.16 Static mechanical load test (MQT 16)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.17 Hail test (MQT 17)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.18 Bypass diode testing (MQT 18)
This test of IEC 61215-2 is applicable without modifications.

11.19 Stabilization (MQT 19)
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable with the following modifications:
11.19.1 Criterion definition for stabilization
For the definition of stabilization as per test MQT 19 of IEC 61215-2:2021, x = 0,01 shall be
used for crystalline silicon PV modules.
11.19.2 Light induced stabilization procedures
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.19.3 Other stabilization procedures
This test of IEC 61215-2:2021 is applicable without modifications.
11.19.4 Initial stabilization (MQT 19.1)
Initial stabilization of c-Si modules shall be obtained by exposing all modules to sunlight
(either real or simulated) to an irradiation dose level of ≥10 kWh/m . After this preconditioning
all of the test modules shall be measured for STC power (MQT 06.1).
To fulfil MQT 19 requirements two intervals of at least 5 kWh/m each are required.
If stabilization is performed outdoors no module temperature limits apply.
A validated alternative procedure can be used in accordance to MQT 19 of IEC 61215-2:2021.
After module stabilization, the timeframe for the subsequent tests is not critical. Perform all
measurements within a comparable timeframe and state time in report.
11.19.5 Final stabilization (MQT 19.2)
Final stabilization (MQT 19.2) is not required, except for modules that have been tested
according to MQT 21, Potential induced degradation test (in sequence F), or MQT 13, Damp
heat test (in sequence E). Final stabilization requirements differ depending on whether the
module has been subjected to MQT 13 or MQT 21.
For modules that have been tested according to MQT 13, damp heat test (in sequence E), a
choice of two final stabilization methods, "Method 1" or "Method 2", is available:
Method 1)
• Perform MQT 19.3 as defined in IEC 61215-2.
• Record choice of stabilization method 1) in the test report.
• Final stabilization is complete. Proceed with the test flow defined in IEC 61215, which
involves MQT 06.1 and gate No. 2.
Method 2)
• Perform MQT 06.1 and evaluate the gate No. 2 formula defined in IEC 61215-1.
• If the module passes gate No. 2, then final stabilization, MQT 06.1, and gate No. 2 are all
complete. In the test report, record stabilization method 2, MQT 06.1 results, and the
following text: "This module was not stabilized, and therefore the amount of degradation
observed may be larger than what would have been obtained if the module had been
stabilized, due to destabilization artifacts." Proceed to the next step of the test flow
defined in IEC 61215, which is MQT 03.

– 10 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021
• If the module does not pass gate No. 2, record the initial MQT 06.1 result, then perform
each step of Method 1).
For modules that have been tested according to MQT 21, PID (in sequence F) a choice of two
final stabilization methods, "Method 3" or "Method 4", is available:
Method 3)
• Modules shall be exposed to an irradiation of (2,0 ± 0,2) kWh/m .
• Exposure shall be performed as per IEC 61215-2:2021 MQT 10, with the temperature and
spectrum meeting the requirements specified therein. Heat-up, exposure, and cool-down
shall be performed such that the module spends less than 24 h above 40 °C. The only
differences between the exposure in Method 3 and that in MQT 10 are the total dose,
which side of the module is exposed, and the a
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