IEC TR 61000-3-14:2011

IEC/TR 61000-3-14 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-14: Assessment of emission limits for harmonics, interharmonics, voltage
fluctuations and unbalance for the connection of disturbing installations to LV
power systems
IEC/TR 61000-3-14:2011(E)
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IEC/TR 61000-3-14 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-14: Assessment of emission limits for harmonics, interharmonics, voltage
fluctuations and unbalance for the connection of disturbing installations to LV
power systems
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XD
ICS 33.100.10 ISBN 978-2-88912-742-9

– 2 – TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Basic EMC concepts . 18
4.1 General . 18
4.2 Compatibility levels . 18
4.2.1 General . 18
4.2.2 Harmonics . 18
4.2.3 Interharmonics. 19
4.2.4 Voltage fluctuations . 20
4.2.5 Unbalance . 20
4.3 Planning levels . 20
4.3.1 Indicative values of planning levels. 20
4.3.2 Assessment procedure for evaluation against planning levels . 21
4.4 Illustration of EMC concepts . 22
4.5 Emission levels . 23
5 General principles . 24
5.1 General . 24
5.2 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission . 24
5.3 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics. 25
5.4 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis . 25
5.5 Responsibilities . 26
6 General guidelines for the assessment of emission levels . 26
6.1 Point of evaluation. 26
6.2 Concept of emission level . 26
6.3 Operating conditions . 27
6.4 System impedance characteristics . 28
7 General summation law . 28
7.1 General . 28
7.2 For harmonics . 29
7.3 For flicker and rapid voltage changes . 29
7.4 For voltage unbalance . 29
8 Harmonic emission limits for distorting installations in LV systems . 30
8.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission . 30
8.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics. 31
8.2.1 General . 31
8.2.2 Global emission to be shared between the customers . 31
8.2.3 Individual emission limits . 32
8.2.4 Alternative methods for stage 2 . 34
8.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis . 34
8.4 Emission limits for interharmonics . 34
9 Voltage fluctuation emission limits for installations in LV systems . 35
9.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission . 35

TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E) – 3 –
9.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics. 36
9.2.1 General . 36
9.2.2 Global emission to be shared between the customers' installations . 36
9.2.3 Individual emission limits . 37
9.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis . 38
9.4 Rapid voltage changes . 38
9.4.1 General considerations . 38
9.4.2 Emission limits . 39
10 Unbalance emission limits for unbalanced installations in LV systems . 39
10.1 General . 39
10.2 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission . 39
10.3 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics. 40
10.3.1 General . 40
10.3.2 Global emission to be shared between the sources of unbalance . 40
10.3.3 Individual emission limits . 41
10.4 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis . 43
11 Summary diagrams of the evaluation procedure . 43
Annex A (informative) Example of application of the general method for the derivation
of limits for a specific type of LV networks . 47
Annex B (informative) Example of application of the general method for the calculation
of emission limits for a specific installation . 59
Annex C (informative) Harmonic emission limits at stage 2 . 64
Annex D (informative) Calculation of the reduction factors for harmonics and
unbalance . 77
Annex E (informative) Example of method to allocate harmonic emission limits at
stage 3 . 88
Annex F (informative) Example of application of the approach presented in Annex E . 93
Annex G (informative) List of principal letter symbols, subscripts and symbols . 98
Bibliography . 102

Figure 1 – Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time/location statistics
covering the whole system . 22
Figure 2 – Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time statistics relevant to
one site within the whole system . 23
Figure 3 – Illustration of the emission vector U and its contribution to the measured
di
disturbance vector U at the point of evaluation . 27
d
Figure 4 – Simplified scheme of an LV public system for harmonics . 32
Figure 5 – Equivalent circuit and vector diagram for simple assessments . 38
Figure 6 – Example of rapid voltage change associated with motor starting . 38
Figure 7 – Simplified scheme of an LV public system for unbalance . 41
Figure 8 – Diagram of evaluation procedure for harmonics . 44
Figure 9 – Diagram of evaluation procedure for voltage fluctuations . 45
Figure 10 – Diagram of evaluation procedure for unbalance . 46
Figure A.1 – Simplified scheme of an LV public system for the calculation of harmonic
voltage levels . 51
Figure C.1 – Scheme of an LV public system . 65
Figure C.2 – Scheme of an LV public system in order to work out the global emission
to be shared between the customers . 66

– 4 – TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E)
Figure C.3 – Simplified scheme of an LV public system in order to work out the
condition at the LV busbar . 68
Figure C.4 – Simplified scheme of an LV public system in order to work out the
condition for the LV feeder to which a large installation is connected . 71
Figure D.1 – General scheme of an LV public system . 78
Figure D.2 – Simplification of the general scheme of an LV public system for the
calculation of harmonic voltage levels at node Ni – 1st step . 79
Figure D.3 – Simplification of the general scheme of an LV public system for the
calculation of harmonic voltage levels at node Ni – 2nd step . 79
Figure D.4 – Simplified scheme of an LV public system for the calculation of harmonic
voltage levels at the far end of LV feeders . 81
Figure D.5 – Simplified scheme of an LV public system for the calculation of voltage
unbalance levels at the far end of LV feeders . 85
Figure E.1 – LV system under study . 88
Figure E.2 – Large installation components . 90
Figure F.1 – System under study . 93
Figure F.2 – Data for large installations . 95

Table 1 – Compatibility levels for individual harmonic voltages in LV networks (percent
of fundamental component) reproduced from IEC 61000-2-2 . 19
Table 2 – Compatibility levels for flicker in LV networks reproduced from
IEC 61000-2-2 . 20
Table 3 – Summation exponent for harmonics (indicative values) . 29
Table 4 – Stage 1 limits for the relative power variations as a function of the number
of voltage changes per minute . 36
Table 5 – Minimum emission limits at LV . 37
Table A.1– Example of maximum acceptable global contribution to harmonic voltages . 48
Table A.2 – Influence of the total supply capacity of the LV system on ratio UhB/UhFj
(example) . 54
Table A.3 – Influence of the number of LV feeders on ratio UhB/UhFj (example). 54
Table A.4 – Influence of the length of LV feeders on ratio UhB/UhFj (example) . 54
Table A.5 – Influence of the impedance of LV feeders on ratio UhB/UhFj (example) . 55
Table A.6 – Influence of the (odd non-triplen) harmonic order on ratio UhB/UhFj
(example) . 55
Table A.7 – Influence of the summation law exponent on ratio UhB/UhFj (example) . 55
Table A.8 – ratio UhB/UhFj for an LV feeder length of 100 m (example) . 56
Table A.9 – ratio UhB/UhFj for an LV feeder length of 300 m (example) . 56
Table A.10 – ratio UhB/UhFj for an LV feeder length of 500 m (example) . 56
Table A.11 – ratio UhB/UhFj for an LV feeder length of 1000 m (example) . 57
Table A.12 – Reduction factor KhB as a function of the harmonic order (example) . 58
Table B.1 – Example of conservative harmonic current emission limits for stage 1
assessment . 60
Table B.2 – values of global parameters for harmonics . 60
Table B.3 – Emission limits for harmonics (with a single value of KhB) . 61
Table B.4 – emission limits for harmonics (KhB value depending on real network
characteristics) . 62
Table B.5 – Emission limit for voltage unbalance (with a single value of KuB) . 63

TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E) – 5 –
Table D.1 – Summation law exponent values used for small installations . 83
Table D.2 – values of the reduction factors in the case of a particular rural overhead
LV system . 84
Table D.3 – values of the reduction factors in the case of a particular urban
underground LV system . 84
Table D.4 – Example of typical values of the reduction factors KhB for harmonics . 84
Table F.1 – Main system data . 93
Table F.2 – Known large installation data . 94
Table F.3 – Harmonic voltages due to large installations (all values are in pu, h has
the value 5 and Ah is provisionally taken as 1) . 97

– 6 – TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 3-14: Assessment of emission limits for harmonics, interharmonics,
voltage fluctuations and unbalance for the connection of disturbing
installations to LV power systems

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 61000-3-14, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 77A: Low
frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
It forms part 3-14 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance
with IEC Guide 107.
The first edition of this technical report has been harmonised with IEC/TR 61000-3-6,
IEC/TR 61000-3-7 and IEC/TR 61000-3-13.

TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E) – 7 –
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
77A/741/DTR 77A/748/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

– 8 – TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E)
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits
(in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of product committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts published either as International Standards
or as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and a second
number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In 2002, the IEC subcommittee 77A made a request to Cigre study committee C4 and Cired
study committee S2, to organize an appropriate technical forum (joint working group) whose
main scope was to prepare, among other tasks, a technical report concerning emission limits
for the connection of disturbing installations to LV public supply systems.
To this effect, joint working group CIGRE C4.103/ CIRED entitled ‘’Emission Limits for
Disturbing Installations’’ was appointed in 2003. The working group held 11 formal meetings
dedicated to the revision of IEC/TR 61000-3-6 and IEC/TR 61000-3-7, and the preparation of
two other technical reports on emission limits for voltage unbalance (IEC/TR 61000-3-13) and
emission limits for disturbing installations connected at LV (this report).
Subsequent endorsement of the report by IEC was the responsibility of SC 77A.

TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E) – 9 –
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 3-14: Assessment of emission limits for harmonics, interharmonics,
voltage fluctuations and unbalance for the connection of disturbing
installations to LV power systems

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000, which is informative in its nature, provides guidance on principles that
can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of disturbing
installations to low voltage (LV) public power systems. For the purposes of this part of
IEC 61000, a disturbing installation means an installation (which may be a load or a
generator) that produces disturbances: harmonics and/or interharmonics, voltage flicker
and/or rapid voltage changes, and/or voltage unbalance. The primary objective is to provide
guidance to system operators or owners for engineering practices, which will facilitate the
provision of adequate service quality for all connected customer installations. In addressing
installations, this report is not intended to replace equipment standards for emission limits.
NOTE 1 In this report, low voltage (LV) refers to U ≤1 kV.
n
This report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It
does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the
system can be increased.
This technical report only applies to installations connected to LV public power systems that
supply or may supply other LV loads or installations. It is intended to apply to large
installations exceeding a minimum size. This minimum size (S ) is to be specified by the
min
system operator or owner depending on the system characteristics.
NOTE 2 Due to this minimum size, this report generally does not apply to residential customer's installations.
This technical report is not intended to set emission limits for individual pieces of equipment
connected to LV systems. The emission limits for LV equipment are specified in the applicable
IEC product family standards. The limits specified in these standards have been determined
based on assumptions of the number, type and usage of equipment producing disturbances in
an installation connected to a supply system and based on the reference impedance given in
IEC 60725 considered to be representative of the source impedance for small residential
installations. The assumptions may not apply to larger LV installations. Hence, the guidelines
in this report are intended to provide methods for developing emission limits for such large
installations.
NOTE 3 Compliance with emission limits determined by application of the methods in this report does not
preclude any requirement to comply with equipment emission limits (as determined by national or regional
regulatory requirements.
This technical report deals with low-frequency conducted disturbances emitted by LV
installations. The disturbances considered are:
– harmonics and interharmonics;
– flicker and rapid voltage changes;
– unbalance (negative-sequence component).
Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying
assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum
solution for all situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility and

– 10 – TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E)
judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given assessment
procedures in full or in part.
The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of
disturbing installations to the system. The disturbing installation is to be understood as the
customer’s complete installation (i.e. including disturbing and non-disturbing parts).
This report provides recommended procedures for developing emission limits for large LV
installations. In order for any network operator or owner to fully apply this report, an expert
would need to derive appropriate factors for the specific types of LV networks operated.
NOTE 4 Simplification of emission limits by setting one set of tables for all LV networks may, in some cases,
result in excessively conservative limits.
The main part of this report gives the general procedure to allocate emission limits for
harmonics, voltage fluctuation and unbalance to large installations connected at LV.
Annexes to this report give additional information. In particular,
• Annex A gives a practical example of technical application at distribution expert level or
national regulation level, in order to derive their own limits tailored on the specific
characteristics of their networks from the general method.
• Annex B gives an example of practical application at distribution operator level for the
connection of specific installations based on the local parameters of the LV network.
• Annex C and Annex D give details on the theoretical basis for the derivation and the
understanding of the procedures in this report.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility
Amendment 1 (1997)
Amendment 2 (1998)
IEC/TR 60725, Consideration of reference impedances and public supply network
impedances for use in determining disturbance characteristics of electrical equipment having
a rated current ≤75 A per phase
IEC/TR 61000-2-1:1990, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-1: Environment –
Description of the environment – Electromagnetic environment for low-frequency conducted
disturbances and signalling in public power supply systems
IEC 61000-2-2:2002, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-2: Environment –
Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public low-
voltage power supply systems
IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic
current emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase)
IEC 61000-3-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-3: Limits – Limitation of voltage
changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment
with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection

TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E) – 11 –
IEC/TR 61000-3-6:2008, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-6: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and
EHV power systems
IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2008, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-7: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating load installations to MV, HV
and EHV power systems
IEC 61000-3-11, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-11: Limits – Limitation of
voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems –
Equipment with rated current ≤75 A and subject to conditional connection
IEC 61000-3-12, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-12: Limits – Limits for
harmonic currents produced by equipment connected to public low-voltage systems with input
current >16 A and ≤75 A per phase
IEC/TR 61000-3-13:2008, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-13: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of unbalanced installations to MV, HV and
EHV power systems
IEC 61000-4-15, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-15: Testing and measurement
techniques – Flickermeter – Functional and design specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply as well as the definitions in
IEC 60050(161).
3.1
95 % (99 %) probability weekly (daily) value
value that is not exceeded during 95 % (99 %) of the time over one week (day)
3.2
agreed power
value of the apparent power of the disturbing installation on which the customer and the
system operator or owner agree. In the case of several points of connection, a different value
may be defined for each connection point
3.3
customer
person, company or organisation that operates an installation connected to, or entitled to be
connected to, a supply system by a system operator or owner
3.4
(electromagnetic) disturbance
any electromagnetic phenomenon which, by being present in the electromagnetic
environment, can cause electrical equipment to devite from its intended performance
3.5
disturbance level
the amount or magnitude of an electromagnetic disturbance measured and evaluated in a
specified way
3.6
disturbing installation
electrical installation as a whole (i.e. including disturbing and non-disturbing parts) which can
cause a disturbance of the voltage or current into the supply system to which it is connected

– 12 – TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E)
NOTE For the purpose of this report, all references to disturbing installations not only include loads, but
generating plants as well.
3.7
electromagnetic compatibility
EMC
ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment
without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment
NOTE 1 Electromagnetic compatibility is a condition of the electromagnetic environment such that, for every
phenomenon, the disturbance emission level is sufficiently low and immunity levels are sufficiently high so that all
devices, equipment and systems operate as intended.
NOTE 2 Electromagnetic compatibility is achieved only if emission and immunity levels are controlled such that
the immunity levels of the devices, equipment and systems at any location are not exceeded by the disturbance
level at that location resulting from the cumulative emissions of all sources and other factors such as circuit
impedances. Conventionally, compatibility is said to exist if the probability of the departure from intended
performance is sufficiently low. See Clause 4 of IEC/TR 61000-2-1.
NOTE 3 Where the context requires it, compatibility may be understood to refer to a single disturbance or class of
disturbances.
NOTE 4 Electromagnetic compatibility is a term used also to describe the field of study of the adverse
electromagnetic effects which devices, equipment and systems undergo from each other or from electromagnetic
phenomena.
3.8
(electromagnetic) compatibility level
specified electromagnetic disturbance level used as a reference level in a specified
environment for co-ordination in the setting of emission and immunity limits
NOTE By convention, the compatibility level is chosen so that there is only a small probability (for example 5 %)
that it will be exceeded by the actual disturbance level.
3.9
emission
phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source of electromagnetic
disturbance
[IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-01-08 modified]
NOTE For the purpose of this report, emission refers to phenomena or conducted electromagnetic disturbances
that can cause distortions, fluctuations or unbalance on the supply voltage.
3.10
emission level
level of a given electromagnetic disturbance emitted from a particular device, equipment,
system or disturbing installation as a whole, assessed and measured in a specified manner
3.11
emission limit
maximum emission level specified for a particular device, equipment, system or disturbing
installation as a whole
3.12
generating plant
any equipment that produces electricity together with any directly connected or associated
equipment such as a unit transformer or converter
3.13
immunity (to a disturbance)
ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an
electromagnetic disturbance
TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E) – 13 –
3.14
immunity level
maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance on a particular device, equipment or
system for which it remains capable of operating with a declared degree of performance
3.15
installation size
3.15.1
large installation
installation with an agreed power greater than or equal to a value specified by the system
operator or owner
NOTE This specified value is named S in this report.
min
3.15.2
small installation
installation with an agreed power lower than a value specified by the system operator or
owner
NOTE This specified value is named S in this report.
min
3.16
normal operating conditions
operating conditions of the system or of the disturbing installation typically including all
generation variations, load variations and reactive compensation or filter states (e.g. shunt
capacitor states), planned outages and arrangements during maintenance and construction
work, non-ideal operating conditions and normal contingencies under which the considered
system or disturbing installation has been designed to operate
NOTE Normal system operating conditions typically exclude: conditions arising as a result of a fault or a
combination of faults beyond that planned for under the system security standard, exceptional situations and
unavoidable circumstances (for example: force majeure, exceptional weather conditions and other natural
disasters, acts by public authorities, industrial actions), cases where system users significantly exceed their
emission limits or do not comply with the connection requirements, and temporary generation or supply
arrangements adopted to maintain supply to customers during maintenance or construction work, where otherwise
supply would be interrupted.
3.17
planning level
level of a particular disturbance in a particular environment, adopted as a reference value for
the limits to be set for the emissions from the installations in a particular system, in order to
co-ordinate those limits with all the limits adopted for equipment and installations intended to
be connected to the power supply system
NOTE Planning levels are considered internal quality objectives to be specified at a local level by those
responsible for planning and operating the power supply system in the relevant area.
3.18
point of common coupling
PCC
point in the public supply system, which is electrically closest to the installation concerned, at
which other installations are, or could be, connected. The PCC is a point located upstream of
the considered installation
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.19
point of connection
POC
point on a public power supply system where the installation under consideration is, or can be
connected
– 14 – TR 61000-3-14  IEC:2011(E)
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.20
point of evaluation
POE
point on a public power supply system where the emission levels of a given installation are to
be assessed against the emission limits. This point can be the point of common coupling
(PCC) or the point of connection (POC) or any other point specified by the system operator or
owner or agreed upon
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.21
public low-voltage power system
a low-voltage power system that supplies or may supply several installations or customers
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.22
short circuit power
theoretical value expressed in MVA of the initial symmetrical three-phase short-circuit power
at a point on the supply system. It is defined as the product of the initial symmetrical short-
circuit current, the nominal system voltage and the factor √3 with the aperiodic component
(DC) being neglected
3.23
spur
feeder branch off a main feeder (typically applied on MV and LV feeders)
3.24
supply system
all the lines, switchgear and transformers operating at various voltages which make up the
transmission systems and distribution systems to which customers’ installations are
connected
3.25
system operator or owner
entity responsible for making technical connection agreements with customers who are
seeking connection of load or generation to a distribution system
3.26
transfer coefficient (influence coefficient)
relative level of disturbance that can be transferred between two busbars or two parts of a
power system for various operating conditions
3.27
phenomena related definitions
harmonics
definitions 3.27.1 to 3.27.9 relate to harmonics. They are based on the analysis of system
voltages or currents by the Discrete Fourier Transform method (DFT); this is the practical
application of the Fourier transform as defined in IEC 60050-101:1998, 101-13-09
NOTE 1 The Fourier Transform of a function of time, whether periodic or non-periodic, is a function in the
frequency domain and is referred to as the frequency spectrum of the time function, or
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