IEC 60335-2-81:2015

IEC 60335-2-81 ®
Edition 3.1 2017-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for foot warmers and heating mats

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

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documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
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variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
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and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and

CISPR.
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IEC 60335-2-81 ®
Edition 3.1 2017-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –

Part 2-81: Particular requirements for foot warmers and heating mats

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.120, 97.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-4927-7

IEC 60335-2-81 ®
Edition 3.1 2017-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for foot warmers and heating mats

– 2 – IEC 60335-2-81:2015+AMD1:2017 CSV
© IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 General requirement . 8
5 General conditions for the tests . 8
6 Classification . 9
7 Marking and instructions . 9
8 Protection against access to live parts . 10
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 10
10 Power input and current . 10
11 Heating . 10
12 Void . 11
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 11
14 Transient overvoltages . 11
15 Moisture resistance . 11
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 11
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 11
18 Endurance . 11
19 Abnormal operation . 12
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 12
21 Mechanical strength . 12
22 Construction . 15
23 Internal wiring . 15
24 Components . 16
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 16
26 Terminals for external conductors . 16
27 Provision for earthing . 16
28 Screws and connections . 16
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 17
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 17
31 Resistance to rusting . 19
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 19
Annexes . 23
Bibliography . 24

Figure 101 – Equipment for the flexing test for foot warmers . 19
Figure 102 – Equipment for flexing heating elements and internal wiring . 20
Figure 103 – Equipment for the spark ignition test . 21
Figure 104 – Details of the mask . 22

© IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for
foot warmers and heating mats
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been prepared
for user convenience.
IEC 60335-2-81 edition 3.1 contains the third edition (2015-04) [documents 61/4841/FDIS and
61/4896/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2017-10) [documents 61/5292/CDV and 61/5378A/RVC].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendment 1. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text. A
separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this publication.

– 4 – IEC 60335-2-81:2015+AMD1:2017 CSV
© IEC 2017
This part of International Standard IEC 60335 has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 61: Safety of household and similar electrical appliances.
This third edition constitutes a technical revision.
The principal changes in this edition as compared with the second edition of IEC 60335-2-81
are as follows (minor changes are not listed):
• Requirements for washable appliances (5.3, 7.1, 7.6, 7.12);
• Requirements for controls in flexible cords (15.1.1, 24.2);
• Requirements for appliance inlets (22.105, 24.1.5, 29.1.3).
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its
amendments. It was established on the basis of the fifth edition (2010) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When “Part 1” is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60335-1.
This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60335-1, so as to
convert that publication into the IEC standard: Safety requirements for foot warmers and
heating mats.
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies
as far as is reasonable. When this standard states “addition”, “modification” or “replacement”,
the relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, th
...

IEC 60335-2-81 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for foot warmers and heating mats

Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –
Partie 2-81: Exigences particulières pour les chancelières et les carpettes
chauffantes électriques
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

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et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
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3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in 15
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and additional languages. Also known as the International
iPad. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online.

IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a More than 60 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced clause of IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries
and withdrawn publications. have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37,

77, 86 and CISPR.
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A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications IEC
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IEC 60335-2-81 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –

Part 2-81: Particular requirements for foot warmers and heating mats

Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –

Partie 2-81: Exigences particulières pour les chancelières et les carpettes

chauffantes électriques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.120, 97.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-2597-4

– 2 – IEC 60335-2-81:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 General requirement . 9
5 General conditions for the tests . 9
6 Classification . 10
7 Marking and instructions . 10
8 Protection against access to live parts . 11
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 11
10 Power input and current . 11
11 Heating . 11
12 Void . 12
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 12
14 Transient overvoltages . 12
15 Moisture resistance . 12
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 12
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 12
18 Endurance . 12
19 Abnormal operation . 13
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 13
21 Mechanical strength . 13
22 Construction . 16
23 Internal wiring . 16
24 Components . 17
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 17
26 Terminals for external conductors . 17
27 Provision for earthing . 17
28 Screws and connections . 17
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 17
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 18
31 Resistance to rusting . 20
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 20
Annexes . 24
Bibliography . 25

Figure 101 – Equipment for the flexing test for foot warmers . 20
Figure 102 – Equipment for flexing heating elements and internal wiring . 21
Figure 103 – Equipment for the spark ignition test . 22
Figure 104 – Details of the mask . 23

– 4 – IEC 60335-2-81:2015 © IEC 2015
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for
foot warmers and heating mats
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
membe
...

IEC 60335-2-81 ®
Edition 3.1 2017-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for foot warmers and heating mats

Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –
Partie 2-81: Exigences particulières pour les chancelières et les carpettes
chauffantes électriques
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
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and withdrawn publications.
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a month by email.
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(IEV) online.
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If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need
further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
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additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire
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IEC 60335-2-81 ®
Edition 3.1 2017-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for foot warmers and heating mats
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –
Partie 2-81: Exigences particulières pour les chancelières et les carpettes
chauffantes électriques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.120, 97.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-7174-2

IEC 60335-2-81 ®
Edition 3.1 2017-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for foot warmers and heating mats

Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –
Partie 2-81: Exigences particulières pour les chancelières et les carpettes
chauffantes électriques
– 2 – IEC 60335-2-81:2015+AMD1:2017 CSV
© IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 General requirement . 8
5 General conditions for the tests . 8
6 Classification . 9
7 Marking and instructions . 9
8 Protection against access to live parts . 10
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 10
10 Power input and current . 10
11 Heating . 10
12 Void . 11
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 11
14 Transient overvoltages . 11
15 Moisture resistance . 11
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 11
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 11
18 Endurance . 11
19 Abnormal operation . 12
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 12
21 Mechanical strength . 12
22 Construction . 15
23 Internal wiring . 15
24 Components . 16
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 16
26 Terminals for external conductors . 16
27 Provision for earthing . 16
28 Screws and connections . 16
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 17
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 17
31 Resistance to rusting . 19
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 19
Annexes . 23
Bibliography . 24

Figure 101 – Equipment for the flexing test for foot warmers . 19
Figure 102 – Equipment for flexing heating elements and internal wiring . 20
Figure 103 – Equipment for the spark ignition test . 21
Figure 104 – Details of the mask . 22

© IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-81: Particular requirements for
foot warmers and heating mats
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publi
...