IEC 60728-1:2001

INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60728-1
Third edition
2001-11
Cabled distribution systems
for television and sound signals –
Part 1:
Methods of measurement
and system performance
Reference number
Publication numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.

Consolidated editions
The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example,

edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the
base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating
amendments 1 and 2.
Further information on IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to
this publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of
publications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda.
Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken
by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list
of publications issued, is also available from the following:
• IEC Web Site (www.iec.ch)
• Catalogue of IEC publications
The on-line catalogue on the IEC web site (www.iec.ch/catlg-e.htm) enables
you to search by a variety of criteria including text searches, technical
committees and date of publication. On-line information is also available on
recently issued publications, withdrawn and replaced publications, as well as
corrigenda.
• IEC Just Published
This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/JP.htm) is also
available by email. Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see below) for
further information.
• Customer Service Centre
If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance,
please contact the Customer Service Centre:
Email: custserv@iec.ch
Tel: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60728-1
Third edition
2001-11
Cabled distribution systems
for television and sound signals –
Part 1:
Methods of measurement
and system performance
 IEC 2001  Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http://www.iec.ch
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
XD
International Electrotechnical Commission
For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3

INTRODUCTION.9

1 Scope.10

2 Normative references .10

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations.11

3.1 Terms and definitions .11

3.2 Symbols .17

3.3 Abbreviations .18
4 Methods of measurement .21
4.1 Mutual isolation between system outlets.22
4.2 Amplitude response within a channel.23
4.3 Chrominance-luminance gain and delay inequalities.24
4.4 Non-linear distortion .26
4.5 Carrier to noise ratio.35
4.6 Echoes .37
4.7 AM-VSB television, FM radio and FM television signal level .38
4.8 Data echo rating and data delay inequality .39
4.9 Interference in FM sound radio channels .39
4.10 Methods of measurement for digitally modulated signals .39
5 Performance requirements .53
5.1 Impedance .54
5.2 Carrier levels at system outlets .54
5.3 Mutual isolation between system outlets.56
5.4 Frequency response within a television channel at any system outlet .56
5.5 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at any system
outlet.57
5.6 Random noise .57
5.7 Interference to television channels .58
5.8 Video baseband requirements .59
5.9 Hum modulation of carriers in television channels .60
5.10 Requirements for data signal transmission .60
5.11 Digitally modulated signals – Additional performance requirements .61
5.12 FM sound radio – Additional performance requirements .62

Annex A (normative) Calibration of modulation depth.87
Annex B (normative) Equipment required – additional items .88
Annex C (normative) Preliminary checks on the measuring equipment for carrier to
noise ratio .89
Annex D (normative) Correction factors .90
Annex E (normative) Calibration of the measuring receiver .91
Annex F (normative) Correction factors for noise .92
Annex G (normative) Null packet and PRBS definitions.94
Annex H (normative) Digital signal level and bandwidth .96
Annex I (normative) Correction factor for a spectrum analyzer .99
Bibliography.100

60728-1  IEC:2001 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

–––––––––––
CABLED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
FOR TELEVISION AND SOUND SIGNALS –

Part 1: Methods of measurement and system performance

FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-1 has been prepared by TA 5: Cable networks for television
signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video
and multimedia systems and equipment
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1986, its amendment 1
(1992) and amendment 2 (1995) of which it constitutes a technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on

FDIS Report on voting
100/404/FDIS 100/436/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I form an integral part of this standard.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2005. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
– 4 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
• replaced by a revised edition, or

• amended.
The following differences exist in some countries:

– 5.2.1: Replace by the following “Minimum and maximum carrier levels” regulation (France):

AM-VSB television:
between 47 MHz and 68 MHz: 57,5 dB(μV)
min
74,0 dB(μV)
max
between 118,75 MHz and 862 MHz:
57,0 dB(μV)
min
74,0 dB(μV)
max
FM sound mono or stereo:
50 dB(μV)
min
66 dB(μV)
max
Replace by/add the following “Minimum and maximum carrier levels” regulation (Japan):
AM-VSB television
60 dB(μV)min
85 dB(μV)
max
FM sound mono or stereo
50 dB(μV)
min
75 dB(μV)
max
FM NTSC television 57 dB(μV)
min
FM HDTV (1 035 MHz~1 335 MHz)
57 dB(μV)
min
AM HDTV 65 dB(μV)
min
85 dB(μV)
max
64QAM digital TV
53 dB(μV)
min
85 dB(μV)
max
Upper CH adjacent to AM-VSB television
53 dB(μV)
min
81 dB(μV)
max
Lower CH adjacent to AM-VSB television
53 dB(μV)
min
79 dB(μV)
max
Replace by/add the following “Minimum and maximum carrier levels” regulation (Netherlands):
FM sound mono: 80 dB(μV)
max
DSR:
39 dB(μV)
max
(measured in accordance with CISPR 16-1 (quasi peak measurement within 120 kHz
bandwidth))
Replace by the following “Minimum and maximum carrier levels” regulation (Norway):
AM-VSB television:
60,0 dB(μV)
min
84,0 dB(μV)
max
FM sound mono or stereo: 52 dB(μV)
min
80,0 dB(μV)
max
60728-1  IEC:2001 – 5 –
- 5.2.2: Replace by/add the following “Carrier level differences” regulation (France):

Between 47 MHz and 862 MHz
TV channels in AM-VSB:              ≤12 dB

TV channels in FM:                  ≤12 dB Between 950 MHz and 2 050 MHz

Between adjacent channels spaced
≤4 dB
less than 40 MHz
– 5.2.2: Replace by/add the following “Carrier level differences” regulation (Japan):

AM-VSB television Not more than 10 dB
(not more than 3 dB between adjacent CH)
Sound carrier to vision carrier
−3 to −14 dB
(−9 dB to −14 dB between adjacent CH)
FM Not more than 10 dB
FM carrier to AM-VSB Not more than –10 dB
FM NTSC Not more than 6 dB
FM HDTV Not more than 6 dB
AM HDTV Not more than 3 dB between adjacent CH
64 QAM carrier to AM-VSB
Upper CH adjacent to AM-VSB –4 dB to –18 dB
Lower CH adjacent to AM-VSB –6 dB to –20 dB
Replace by/add the following “Carrier level differences” regulation (Norway):
AM-VSB television:
≤2 dB within a TV channel
within band I, II, III
≤6 dB
within band IV
≤10 dB
≤12 dB within band V
– 5.3.1: Replace by/add the following “Isolation between two subscribers” regulation (France):
TV/TV: ≥30 dB Between 10 MHz and 2 050 MHz

Between the TV outlet of any subscriber and the
TV/FM sound: ≥50 dB
FM sound outlet of an other subscriber
Replace by /add the following “Isolation between two subscribers” regulation (Japan):
TV/TV  (mutual isolation of a subscriber tap) Not less than 25 dB
TV/FM  (in case of FM filter use) Not less than 35 dB
Replace by/add the following “Isolation between two subscribers” regulation (Norway):
Between 47 MHz – 470 MHz
TV/TV                            ≥36 dB
Between 470 MHz – 790 MHz
≥30 dB
FM sound/TV                       ≥46 dB

– 6 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
– 5.4.1: Replace by/add the following “Amplitude response” regulation (France):

For an RF outlet and SECAM channels:

Between 0 and 4 MHz
≤ ± 1,2 dB
≤ ± 2  dB For the 4,8 MHz burst

– 5.4.1: Replace by/add the following “Amplitude response” regulation (Japan):

For an RF outlet and NTSC channels  (–0,5 MHz~4 MHz) –3 dB to +4 dB

64QAM digital channels
(bandwidth 5,274 MHz) ±3 dB
– 5.4.2: Add the group delay response curve valid for PAL with FM-FM sound (figure 39)
(Netherlands).
– 5.5: Replace by/add the following “Frequency stability” regulation (France):
NOTE The stability values, given hereinafter, are referenced to the specified value of the carrier.
AM-VSB-TV and  L-SECAM channels: ±50 kHz
NOTE Regulation makes provision for precision offset tuning between adjacent channels.
for satellite originated channels
FM-TV:                          ±3 MHz
±175 kHz for locally modulated channels
Replace by/add the following “Frequency stability” regulation (Japan):
AM-VSB television
±20 kHz
Between vision carrier and sound carrier
±2 kHz
FM ±20 kHz
±20 kHz
64QAM digital (DVB-C)
u.c.
QPSK digital (DVB-S)
u.c.
OFDM (Japan)
– 5.6: Replace by/add the following “Random noise” regulation (France):
in a 5 MHz bandwidth (measured
AM-VSB-TV:                  C/N ≥ 45,5 dB
according to 4.5 of IEC 60728-1)
Replace by/add the following “Random noise” regulation (Japan):
AM-VSB television (bandwidth 4 MHz) C/N:  not less than 38 dB
FM         (bandwidth 200 kHz) C/N:  not less than 28 dB
FM-NTSC      (bandwidth 27MHz) C/N:  not less than 15 dB
FM-HDTV      (bandwidth 27MHz) C/N:  not less than 16 dB
AM-HDTV     (bandwidth 4 MHz equivalent) C/N:  not less than 41 dB
64QAM digital    (bandwidth 5,274 MHz) C/N:  not less than 31 dB
Replace by the following “Random noise” regulation (Norway):
AM-VSB-TV: C/N ≥ 43 dB
FM sound mono and stereo:
C/N ≥ 45 dB
60728-1  IEC:2001 – 7 –
– 5.7.1: Replace by the following “Single frequency interference” regulation (France):

Single frequency interference for AM-VSB-TV-channels according to the templates given in

figure 40.
Replace by/add the following “Single frequency interference” regulation (Japan):

VSB-AM NTSC Not less than 50 dB (figure 41)

VSB-AM HDTV Not more than –60 dB (figure 42)

64 QAM digital Not more than –30 dB (figure 43)

– 5.7.1: Replace by/add the following “Single frequency interference” regulation
(Netherlands):
AM-VSB-PAL-signals:    C/I ≥ 60 dB (measured in a bandwidth of 300 kHz)
For signals outside
used TV channels:       C/I ≥ 40 dB
Replace by the following “Single frequency interference” regulation (Norway):
AM-VSB-channels:
C/I ≥ 60 dB
– 5.7.2: Replace by/add the following “Single channel intermodulation” regulation (Japan):
FM-NTSC Not more than –36 dB
FM HDTV Not more than –36 dB
– 5.7.3: Replace by the following “Multiple frequency intermodulation interference” regulation
(France):
Third order: weighted summation of the clusters of composite triple beats, with the frequency
channel allocation anticipated for the cable system:
C
≥ 52 dB
CTB
Otherwise, with the test carriers listed in table 15 (30 carriers):
C
≥ 52 dB + 20 lg n/30
CTB
(n is the number of anticipated channels)
Second order: no specification
– 5.7.4: Replace by/add the following “Cross modulation” regulation (Japan):
Cross modulation  ( 20 lg{(a-b)/a} ) Not more than –40 dB

– 8 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
– 5.8.1 Replace by the following “Differential gain and phase” regulation (France):

PAL or SECAM:
Differential gain   ≤15 %
Differential phase  ≤10
– 5.8.2: Replace the requirements for “Echoes in television channels, PAL-SECAM standards”

by the “Requirement for echo loss in relation to the time delay of the reflected signal for AM-

PAL-TV and FM-radio” (figure 44) (Netherlands).

– 5.8.2 Replace by/add the following “Echoes” regulation (Japan):
VSB-AM  NTSC (figure 45)
FM    NTSC (figure 46)
FM    HDTV (figure 47)
VSB-AM  HDTV (figure 48)
64 QAM  Digital (figure 49)
– 5.9: Replace the requirement for “Hum modulation” by ≥52 dB (Norway).
– 5.9: Replace by /add the following “Hum modulation” regulation (Japan):
AM-VSB   ( 20 lg{(a-b)/a} ) Not more than –50 dB (50 Hz)
Not more than –40 dB (60 Hz)
AM-HDTV  ( 20 lg{(a-b)/a} ) Not more than –50 dB (50 Hz)
Not more than –40 dB (60 Hz)
– 5.10.1: Add the requirement for “Decoding margin” being “The decoding margin must be
40 %, when the margin is minimum 70 % at the receiving antenna” (Denmark).
– 5.11.1.5: Replace by/add the following “Phase noise” regulation (Japan):

64 QAM digital (DVB-C) u.c.
– 5.12.1: Add the requirement for “Amplitude response within the entire FM-band” being ≤6 dB
(Norway).
– 5.12.3: Add the requirement for “Adjacent channel spacing” by ≥400 kHz (Netherlands).
Add the requirement for “Adjacent channel spacing” by ≥500 kHz (Norway).
– 5.12.4: Replace the requirement for “AM hum modulation on FM sound carriers” by 52 dB
(Norway).
60728-1  IEC:2001 – 9 –
INTRODUCTION
The reception of television signals inside a building requires an outdoor antenna and a

distribution network to convey the signal to the TV receivers.

The installation of an outdoor antenna for each TV receiver must be avoided for several

obvious technical, economical and practical reasons.

In apartment blocks, the installation of a master antenna television system for terrestrial

(MATV) and/or satellite (SMATV) reception as shown in figure 1 is usual.

When signals to be conveyed to the TV receivers are picked-up far away due to geographical
reasons and the number of users (subscribers) is very high, the installation of a cabled distribution
system using coaxial cables and/or fibre optic cables is used as indicated in figure 2.
A system model of a cabled distribution system is shown in figure 3, where the main parts of
the systems are indicated, as defined in clause 3.

– 10 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
CABLED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
FOR TELEVISION AND SOUND SIGNALS –

Part 1: Methods of measurement and system performance

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 is applicable to any cabled distribution system (including individual

receiving systems) having a coaxial cable output and primarily intended for television and
sound signals operating between about 30 MHz and 2 150 MHz.
This standard specifies the basic methods of measurement of the operational characteristics
of cabled distribution systems having coaxial cable outputs in order to assess the
performance of these systems and their performance limits.
All requirements refer to the performance limits which are obtained between the input(s) to
the headend or headends and any system outlet when terminated in a resistance equal to the
nominal load impedance of the system, unless otherwise specified. Where system outlets are
not used, the above applies at the subscriber’s end of the subscriber’s feeder.
NOTE 1 Basic methods of measurement are described in this standard. However, any equivalent method that
ensures at least the same accuracy may be used.
NOTE 2 If the system operator wishes to subdivide the system into a number of parts, the accumulation of
degradations should not exceed the figures given below.
NOTE 3 An extension of the frequency range to that from 5 MHz to 3 000 MHz will be considered for future work.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60728. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this part of IEC 60728 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC
and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60050-713, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 713: Radiocommunications:
transmitters, receivers, networks and operation

IEC 60728-3, Cabled distribution systems for television and sound signals – Part 3: Active
coaxial wideband distribution equipment
ISO/IEC 13818-1, Information technology – Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Systems
ISO/IEC 13818-2, Information technology – Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Video
ISO/IEC 13818-3, Information technology – Generic coding of moving picture and associated
audio information – Part 3: Audio
ISO/IEC 13818-4, Information technology – Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information – Part 4: Conformance testing

60728-1  IEC:2001 – 11 –
ITU-T Recommendation J.61, Transmission performance of television circuits designed for

use in international connections

ITU-T Recommendation J.63, Insertion of test signals in the field-blanking interval of mono-

chrome and colour television signals

ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6, Conventional television systems

ITU-R Recommendation BT.500-10, Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality

of television pictures
EN 300421, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services
EN 300429, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for cable systems
EN 300468, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in
DVB systems
EN 300473, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): DVB Satellite Master Antenna Television
(SMATV) distribution systems
EN 300744, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for digital terrestrial television
ETR 211, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB guidelines on implementation and usage of
Service Information (SI)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this part of IEC 60728, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
headend
equipment which is connected between receiving antennas or other signal sources and the
remainder of the cabled distribution system, to process the signals to be distributed

NOTE The headend may, for example, comprise antenna amplifiers, frequency converters, combiners, separators
and generators.
3.1.2
local headend
a headend which is directly connected to the system trunk feeders or to a short haul trunk
feeder replacement link
3.1.3
hub headend
a headend used to feed the entire operating network in the service area
3.1.4
remote headend
a headend from which signals are delivered to a local headend via a long-distance terrestrial
link
– 12 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
3.1.5
distribution point
a point where signals are taken from the trunk feeder to energize branch and/or spur feeders

NOTE In some cases, a distribution point may be directly connected to the headend.

3.1.6
feeder
a transmission path forming part of a cabled distribution system. Such a path may consist of a

metallic cable, optical fibre, waveguide, or any combination of them. By extension, the term is

also applied to paths containing one or more radio links.

3.1.7
supertrunk feeder
a feeder which connects only between headends or between a headend and the first
distribution point
3.1.8
trunk feeder
a feeder used for the transmission of signals between a headend and a distribution point or
between distribution points
3.1.9
branch feeder
a feeder used for connecting a distribution point to spur feeders
3.1.10
spur feeder
a feeder to which splitters, subscriber taps, or looped system outlets are connected
3.1.11
subscriber feeder
a feeder connecting a subscriber tap to a system outlet or, where the latter is not used,
directly to the subscriber’s equipment
NOTE A subscriber feeder may include filters and balun transformers.
3.1.12
antenna amplifier
an amplifier (often a low-noise type) associated with an antenna
3.1.13
trunk amplifier
an amplifier to compensate for the attenuation in a trunk feeder
3.1.14
bridger amplifier
a) an amplifier for connection in a trunk feeder to energize a distribution point
b) an amplifier for connection in a branch feeder, to energize one or more branch or spur
feeders
3.1.15
trunk-bridger amplifier
an amplifier to compensate for the attenuation in a trunk feeder and also to energize a
distribution point
60728-1  IEC:2001 – 13 –
3.1.16
distribution amplifier
an amplifier designed to feed one or more branch or spur feeders

NOTE This is a general term embracing branch amplifier and spur amplifier.

3.1.17
branch amplifier
an amplifier to compensate for the attenuation in a branch feeder

3.1.18
spur amplifier (line extender)

an amplifier to compensate for the attenuation in a spur feeder
3.1.19
automatic level controlled amplifier
an amplifier which includes means to control automatically the level of the signal(s) at its
output.
NOTE This may be achieved by controlling the variation of gain or slope or both, by means of:
• one or more pilot carriers;
• a temperature sensing device;
• remote control.
3.1.20
frequency converter
a device for changing the carrier frequency of one or more signals
3.1.21
combiner
a device in which signals arriving at two or more input ports are fed to a single output port
NOTE Some forms of this device may be used in the reverse direction as splitters.
3.1.22
separator
a device in which the signal energy, covering a frequency band, at one input port is divided
between two or more output ports each of which covers a part of that frequency band
NOTE 1 For example, a diplexer is a two-output separator.
NOTE 2 Some forms of this device may be used in the reverse direction for combining.
3.1.23
splitter (spur unit)
a device in which the signal power at the (input) port is divided equally or unequally between
two or more (output) ports
NOTE Some forms of this device may be used in the reverse direction for combining signal energy.
3.1.24
directional coupler
a splitter in which the attenuation between any two output ports exceeds the sum of the
attenuations between the input port and each of those output ports
3.1.25
equalizer
a device designed to compensate, over a certain frequency range, for the amplitude/
frequency distortion or the phase/frequency distortion introduced by feeders or equipment
NOTE This device is for the compensation of linear distortions only.

– 14 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
3.1.26
subscriber tap
a device for connecting a subscriber feeder to a spur feeder

3.1.27
system outlet
a device for interconnecting a subscriber feeder and a receiver lead

3.1.28
looped system outlet
a device through which the spur feeder passes and to which is connected a receiver lead,

without the use of a subscriber feeder
3.1.29
receiver lead
a lead which connects the system outlet to the subscriber’s equipment
NOTE A receiver lead may include filters and balun transformers in addition to the cable.
3.1.30
signal adaptor
a device which modifies the input signal to achieve conformity with the appropriate ITU
system, without changing the baseband characteristics, for use in a cabled distribution system
which distributes television signals not conforming to any ITU system (only in respect of RF
structure)
3.1.31
decibel ratio
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of two quantities of power P and P i.e.
1 2
P
10lg (dB)
P
NOTE May also be expressed in terms of voltages.
V
20 lg (dB)
V
3.1.32
standard reference power P
in cabled systems, the standard reference power P is 1/75 pW
NOTE This is the power dissipated in a 75 Ω resistor with a voltage drop of 1 µV across it.
RMS
3.1.33
level
the decibel ratio of any power P to the standard reference power P , i.e.
1 0
P
10lg (dB)
P
the decibel ratio of any voltage V to the standard reference voltage V , i.e.
1 0
V
20lg (dB)
V
This may be expressed in decibels (relative to 1 μV in 75 Ω) or more simply in dB(μV) if there
is no risk of ambiguity.
3.1.34
attenuation
the ratio of the input power to the output power of an equipment or system, usually expressed
in decibels
60728-1  IEC:2001 – 15 –
3.1.35
gain
the ratio of the output power to the input power of any equipment or system, usually

expressed in decibels
3.1.36
automatic gain control (AGC)
the automatic control of a device to maintain constant the level of the signal at its output,

using that signal as the control stimulus

3.1.37
frequency amplitude response
the gain or loss of an equipment or system plotted against frequency
3.1.38
slope
the difference in gain or attenuation at two specified frequencies between any two points in a
system
3.1.39
signal tilt
the difference in level deliberately established between specified signals at any point in a
system. If groups of signals are established at differing levels, this is referred to as block tilt
3.1.40
crossview
the effect on a wanted television signal of the undesired transfer of one or more television
signal(s) from other circuit(s)
3.1.41
crossmodulation
the undesired modulation of the carrier of a desired signal by the modulation of another signal
as a result of equipment or system non-linearities
3.1.42
intermodulation
the process whereby non-linearity of equipment in a system produces output signals (called
intermodulation products) at frequencies which are linear combinations of those of the input
signals
3.1.43
carrier to intermodulation ratio

the difference in decibels between the carrier level at a specified point in a piece of
equipment or a system and the level of a specified intermodulation product or combination of
products
3.1.44
carrier to noise ratio
the difference in decibels between the vision or sound carrier level at a given point in a piece
of equipment or a system and the noise level at that point (measured within a bandwidth
appropriate to the television or radio system in use)
3.1.45
mutual isolation
the attenuation between two specified system outlets at any frequency within the range of the
system under investigation. It is always specified, for any particular installation, as the
minimum value obtained within specified frequency limits

– 16 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
3.1.46
echo rating E
The result of a system test with a 2T sine-squared pulse (as determined in ITU-T

Recommendation J.61 and ITU-T Recommendation J.63) using the boundary line on a

specified graticule (e.g. figure 25) within which all parts of the received pulse fall

NOTE The object of the graticule design is to ensure that the subjective effect of an echo of rating E % is the

same as that of a single echo, with displacement greater than 12T, of (E/2) % relative to the peak amplitude of the
test pulse.
3.1.47
frequency designations
the frequency designations and abbreviations of IEC 60050-713 is to be used in relation to

cabled systems (e.g. a VHF system includes frequencies between 30 MHz and 300 MHz)
3.1.48
well-matched
the matching condition when the return loss of the equipment complies with the requirements
of table 1 of IEC 600728-3
3.1.49
definitions for digital radio
under consideration
3.1.50
definitions for return paths
under consideration
3.1.51
definitions for satellite broadcasting
outdoor unit
part of the TVRO installed in a position within line of sight to the satellite(s) to be received
It normally comprises two main parts:
a) the antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave.
The antenna sub-system consists of:
• the main reflector, the secondary reflectors (if any) and the radiator;
• the feed network, which may include optional polarizing devices, to receive orthogonal
linear polarizations, in a simultaneous or exclusive way.
Instead of reflector(s) / feed network sub-system, other types of antennas may be used, for
example flat array antennas;
b) the LNB(s), which may include an optional filter, is a device with very low internal noise

that amplifies the received signals in the radio frequency (RF) band and converts them to

intermediate frequencies, (often called the 1st IF), for transmission to one or more indoor
units where tuning, demodulation and decoding of the received signals are performed.
3.1.52
definitions for scrambled signals
under consideration
3.1.53
definitions for teletext
under consideration
3.1.54
MPEG-2
refers to the ISO/IEC 13818 series. System coding is defined in part 1. Video coding is
defined in part 2. Audio coding is defined in part 3

60728-1  IEC:2001 – 17 –
3.1.55
multiplex
a stream of all the digital data carrying one or more services within a single physical channel

3.1.56
service information (SI)
digital data describing the delivery system, content and scheduling/timing of broadcast data

streams, etc. It includes MPEG-2 program specific information (PSI) together with

independently defined extensions

3.1.57
transport stream (TS)
a data structure defined in ISO/IEC 13818-1. It is the basis of the digital video broadcasting
(DVB) related standards
3.1.58
E /N
b o
ratio between the energy of the bit (E ) and the noise density power (N )
b o
3.2 Symbols
Symbols Terms Symbols Terms
dB
Attenuator Variable attenuator
dB
G
Sine-wave generator Low-pass filter
Band-pass filter Variable band-pass filter
Amplifier RF amplifier
RF
Oscilloscope Mixer
Modulator
Demodulator
RF-choke Resistor
Detector
Directional coupler
– 18 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
3.3 Abbreviations
AC alternating current
AFC automatic frequency control

AGC automatic gain control
AI amplitude imbalance
ALC automatic level control
AM amplitude modulation
ASCII American standard code for information interchange

ATM asynchronous transfer mode
AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
BAT bouquet association table
BEP bit error probability
BER bit error rate
BPSK binary phase shift keying
bslbf bit string, left bit first
BW bandwidth
C/N carrier to noise ratio (ratio of RF or IF power to noise power)
CA conditional access
CATV community antenna television
CENELEC Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
COFDM coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex
CPE common phase error
CRC cyclic redundancy check
CS carrier suppression
CSO composite second order beat
CTB composite triple beat
CW continuous wave
D/A digital-to-analogue converter
DAB digital audio broadcasting

DC direct current
DFT discrete Fourier transform
DSR digital satellite radio
DVB digital video broadcasting
DVB-C digital video broadcasting baseline system for digital cable television
(EN 300429)
DVB-CS digital video broadcasting baseline system for SMATV distribution
systems (EN 300473)
DVB-MC digital video broadcasting baseline system for multi-point video
distribution systems below 10 GHz (EN 300749)
DVB-MS digital video broadcasting baseline system for multi-point video
distribution systems at 10 GHz and above (EN 300748)

60728-1  IEC:2001 – 19 –
DVB-S digital video broadcasting baseline system for digital satellite television

(EN 300421)
DVB-T digital video broadcasting baseline system for digital terrestrial

television (EN 300744)
EB error block
EIT event information table
EMM entitlement management message

EN European norm
ENB equivalent noise bandwidth

END equivalent noise degradation
ES errored second
ETR ETSI technical report
ETS European telecommunication standard
FDM frequency division multiplex
FEC forward error correction
FFT fast Fourier transform
FIFO first-in, first-out shift register
FM frequency modulation
HDTV high definition television
HEX hexadecimal notation
HP high priority bit stream
ICI inter-carrier interference
IF intermediate frequency
IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
ITS insertion test signal
ITU International Telecommunication Union
LDTV limited definition television
LO local oscillator
LP low priority bit stream
LSB least significant bit
MATV master antenna television
MMDS microwave multipoint distribution systems
MPEG moving picture experts group
MSB most significant bit
MUX multiplex
MVDS microwave video distribution systems
NICAM near-instantaneously companded audio multiplex
NTSC national television system committee
OCT octal notation
OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplex
PAL phase alternation line
– 20 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
PCR program clock reference
PID packet identifier
PRBS pseudo-random binary sequence

PSK phase shift keying
QAM quadrature amplitude modulation

QEF quasi error free
QPSK quaternary phase shift keying

RF radio frequency
RMS root mean square
RS Reed-Solomon
RSBW resolution bandwidth
SDTV standard definition television
SECAM séquenciel couleur à mémoire
SFN single frequency network
SMATV satellite master antenna television
TC8PSK trellis coded 8 phase shift keying
TPS transmission parameter signalling
TV television
TVRO television receive only
UHF ultra-high frequency
uimsbf unsigned integer, most significant bit first
UTC universal time co-ordinated
VHF very high frequency
VSB vestigial side band
60728-1  IEC:2001 – 21 –
4 Methods of measurement
General
The methods of measurement listed below are applicable to analogue and/or digitally

modulated signals as indicated in table 1.

Table 1 – Application of the methods of measurement

Modulation of carriers
Analogue Digital
Television Radio Television
FM
Methods of measurement Vision carrier Vision TV Vision and sound Sound Radio
and sound
AM-VSB DVB
sound carrier
carriers
Subclause reference
NTSC PAL SECAM FM FM/AM PSK QAM OFDM NICAM DAB DSR
4.1 Mutual isolation xx x x x x x x x x x
between system outlets
4.2 Amplitude response xx x x x x x x x x x
within a channel
4.3 Chrominance- xx
luminance gain and
delay inequalities
4.4 Non-linear distortion x x x x x
4.5 Carrier to noise ratio x x x x x
4.6 Echoes x x x
4.7 AM-VSB television, FM xx x x x
radio and FM television
signal level
4.8 Data echo rating and xx x
data delay inequality
4.9 Interference in FM x
sound radio channels
4.10 Methods of xx x
measurement for
digitally modulated
signals
4.10.3 Signal level x x x x
4.10.4 S/N xx x x
4.10.5 BER xx x x
4.10.6 BER versus E /N xx x x
b o
4.10.7 Noise margin x x x x
4.10.8 MER xx
4.10.9 Phase jitter xx
4.10.10 Phase noise of an xx x x
RF carrier
– 22 – 60728-1  IEC:2001
4.1 Mutual isolation between system outlets

4.1.1 Introduction
Although the method described applies also to the far ends of subscribers' feeders when no
system outlets are used, isolation will usually be measured between:

a) system outlets connected to adjacent subscribers' taps;

b) system outlets connected to the same multiple subscribers' tap;

c) adjacent looped system outlets.

4.1.2 Equipment required
The test set-up shall be well-matched.
NOTE 1 "Wideband" is understood to mean of sufficient bandwidth to cover the full frequency range of the system
under investigation.
NOTE 2 Some sweep frequency generators may include a terminating wideband detector.
a) A sweep frequency generator, with frequency range or ranges to suit the system to be
examined, equipped with a frequency marking system.
b) A terminating wideband detector.
c) A variable attenuator, adjustable in steps of not more than 1 dB up to a value greater than
the maximum mutual isolation to be measured.
d) A wideband amplifier with sufficient gain to raise the signal level at the system outlet to a
level suitable to drive the detector.
e) An oscilloscope or other display unit suitable for operation with the sweep frequency
generator.
f) A suitable coaxial cable of sufficient length to reach from one system outlet to an adjacent
one in the cabled distribution system.
4.1.3 Connection of the equipment
The equipment shall be connected as in figure 4.
4.1.4 Measurement procedure
a) With the equipment connected as shown in figure 4a, set the variable attenuator to a value
just greater than the maximum value of mutual isolation expected to be measured. Note
this value a .
b) Adjust the output level of the sweep generator to give a level at the input to the amplifier

approximately equal to that available at a system outlet.
c) Adjust the oscilloscope and amplifier gain controls to produce a display and note the
amplitude of the display over the frequency range under inspection.
d) Remove from
...