IEC 60728-5:2015

IEC 60728-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 5: Headend equipment
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 5: Équipements de tête de réseau

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IEC 60728-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –

Part 5: Headend equipment
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de

radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –

Partie 5: Équipements de tête de réseau

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.060.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-3016-9

– 2 – IEC 60728-5:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
INTRODUCTION . 11
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references. 15
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 17
3.1 Terms and definitions . 17
3.2 Symbols . 21
3.3 Abbreviations . 22
4 Methods of measurement . 24
4.1 Methods of measurement for digitally modulated signals . 24
4.1.1 General . 24
4.1.2 Basic assumptions and measurement interfaces . 24
4.1.3 Signal level for digitally modulated signals . 24
4.2 Single-channel intermodulation specification for channel amplifier and
frequency converter . 26
4.3 Three-carrier intermodulation measurement . 27
4.4 Two carrier intermodulation measurements for second- and third-order
products . 28
4.4.1 General . 28
4.4.2 Intermodulation products with test signals at frequencies f and f . 29
a b
4.4.3 Signal levels . 29
4.5 Carrier-to-spurious signal ratio at the output . 29
4.5.1 Carrier-to-spurious signal ratio at the output of equipment for AM TV
systems . 29
4.5.2 Carrier-to-spurious signal ratio at the output of equipment for FM TV
systems . 30
4.5.3 Shoulder attenuation . 31
4.6 Signal-to-noise measurement . 32
4.6.1 Television carrier-to-noise ratio (analogue modulated signals) . 32
4.6.2 RF signal-to-noise ratio (S /N) for digitally modulated signals . 35
D,RF
4.7 Differential gain and phase for PAL/SECAM signals . 36
4.7.1 General . 36
4.7.2 Differential gain (for PAL/SECAM only) . 37
4.7.3 Differential phase . 38
4.8 Group delay measurements . 41
4.8.1 Group delay variation of analogue TV signals . 41
4.8.2 Procedure for the measurement of group delay variation on DVB
channel converters . 42
4.9 Phase noise of an RF carrier . 45
4.9.1 General . 45
4.9.2 Equipment required . 45
4.9.3 Connection of the equipment . 46
4.9.4 Measurement procedure . 46
4.9.5 Presentation of the results . 46
4.10 Hum modulation of carrier . 48
4.10.1 General . 48
4.10.2 Description of the method of measurement . 48

4.10.3 Measuring procedure . 49
4.10.4 Calculating the hum modulation ratio . 50
4.11 2T-pulse response, K-factor . 51
4.12 Chrominance-luminance delay inequalities (20T-pulse method) . 52
4.13 Luminance non-linearity . 54
4.14 Intermodulation distortion (FM stereo radio) . 54
4.14.1 General . 54
4.14.2 Equipment required . 55
4.14.3 Connection of equipment . 55
4.14.4 Measurement . 55
4.15 Decoding margin (teletext) . 55
4.15.1 General . 55
4.15.2 Method of measurement and measuring set-up (Figure 31) . 56
4.15.3 Applicability of measuring set-up . 56
5 Performance requirements and recommendations . 56
5.1 Safety . 56
5.2 Electromagnetic compatibility . 56
5.3 Environmental . 56
5.4 Marking . 57
5.4.1 Marking of equipment . 57
5.4.2 Marking of ports . 57
6 Equipment characteristics required to be met . 57
6.1 General . 57
6.2 Power supply voltage . 58
6.3 RF signal requirements . 58
6.3.1 Impedance (input) . 58
6.3.2 Impedance (output) . 58
6.3.3 Return loss (input, output) of equipment . 58
6.3.4 Return loss (output) of headend . 58
6.3.5 Typical back-off for digital against analogue signals . 58
6.3.6 Immunity against other signals in the FM radio and TV range . 59
6.3.7 Carrier-to-spurious-signals ratio at output in the frequency range of
40 MHz to 862 MHz . 59
6.3.8 Image rejection for AM TV and FM radio . 60
6.3.9 Carrier to local oscillator signal ratio at the output for AM TV and FM
radio . 60
6.3.10 Frequency stability . 60
6.3.11 Phase noise of digital modulated signals at the output of the headend . 61
6.3.12 In-channel group delay variation for digital modulated signals . 62
6.3.13 In-channel peak-to-peak amplitude response variation for digitally
modulated signals . 63
6.3.14 Stability of sound intercarrier . 63
6.3.15 Stability of residual carrier amplitude . 63
6.3.16 Frequency stability – SAT IF/IF converter . 63
6.3.17 Typical modulation error ratio (MER) for a QAM signal . 64
6.3.18 Minimum C/N values at the output of the headend . 64
6.4 Composite video signal requirements . 64
6.4.1 Impedance . 64
6.4.2 Return loss . 65

– 4 – IEC 60728-5:2015 © IEC 2015
6.4.3 Signal voltage . 65
6.4.4 Polarity . 65
6.4.5 Offset voltage . 65
6.5 Audio signal requirements . 65
6.5.1 Input impedance . 65
6.5.2 Output impedance . 65
6.5.3 Signal level . 65
6.6 Requirements for decoding margin (teletext) . 66
6.7 IF signal requirements (AM-TV) . 66
6.7.1 Impedance . 66
6.7.2 Return loss . 66
6.8 Antennas for terrestrial reception . 66
6.8.1 Impedance . 66
6.8.2 Return loss . 66
6.9 Antenna amplifier . 66
7 Equipment characteristics required to be published . 67
7.1 General . 67
7.2 Environmental conditions . 67
7.3 Maximum permissible output level . 67
7.4 Operating range for output level . 68
7.5 TV standard . 68
7.6 Clamp . 68
7.7 Noise figure . 68
7.7.1 Equipment without AGC . 68
7.7.2 Equipment with AGC . 69
7.8 Data control signals, description of interface . 69
7.9 Output level stability for TV modulators, TV converters and pilot generators . 69
7.10 Pilot signal . 69
7.11 Differential gain and phase . 70
7.11.1 Differential gain . 70
7.11.2 Differential phase . 70
7.12 Group delay variation for analogue TV signals . 70
7.13 Luminance non-linearity . 70
7.14 2T-pulse . 71
7.15 20T-pulse. 71
7.16 Hum modulation . 71
7.17 Television carrier-to-noise ratio . 71
7.18 Audio in TV . 71
7.19 Processing units for FM radio . 72
7.19.1 Audio input . 72
7.19.2 Stereo crosstalk . 72
7.19.3 Total harmonic distortion . 72
7.19.4 Intermodulation distortion . 72
7.19.5 Deviation, pre-emphasis . 72
7.20 Antennas for terrestrial reception . 72
7.20.1 Antenna gain . 72
7.20.2 Sidelobe suppression . 72
7.20.3 Return loss of antennas . 72
7.21 Control signals for outdoor units . 73

Annex A (normative) Definition of the specified test frequency range for return loss
and noise figure . 74
A.1 Test frequency range for TV channel processor . 74
A.2 Test frequency range for sub-band, full-band and multi-band amplifiers . 74
A.3 Test frequency range for an FM radio channel processor . 74
Annex B (informative) Audio connector for European system according to IEC 60130-9 . 76
B.1 Contact allocation and mechanical dimensions . 76
B.2 Signal-to-pin allocations and applications . 76
Annex C (informative) Selectivity diagram for adjacent channel transmission . 77
C.1 General . 77
C.2 TV modulator for standard PAL B/G with mono or stereo sound . 77
C.3 TV modulator for standard PAL B/G with NICAM 728 in the lower adjacent
channel . 78
C.4 Standard PAL I . 78
C.5 Group delay for the standards B/G, D/D1/K and I . 79
C.6 Group delay pre-correction for TV modulator for standard B/G . 79
C.7 TV modulator for standard SECAM L . 80
C.8 Group delay for TV modulator for standard SECAM L . 80
C.9 TV modulator for standard PAL D/K with mono or stereo sound . 81
Annex D (informative) Differences in some countries . 82
D.1 General . 82
D.2 Finland, Sweden . 82
Annex E (normative) Correction factors for noise . 83
E.1 Signal level measurement . 83
E.2 Noise level measurement . 83
Annex F (informative) Digital signal level and bandwidth . 85
F.1 RF/IF power ("carrier") . 85
F.2 Occupied bandwidth of a digital signal . 85
F.2.1 QAM/QPSK modulation . 85
F.2.2 OFDM modulation . 86
F.3 Noise bandwidth . 86
F.3.1 General . 86
F.3.2 QAM/QPSK/8 PSK modulation . 87
F.3.3 OFDM modulation . 87
F.4 Equivalent signal bandwidth . 87
F.4.1 General . 87
F.4.2 QAM/QPSK/8 PSK modulation . 87
F.4.3 OFDM modulation . 87
F.5 Examples . 87
Annex G (informative) Minimum frequency distance of converted satellite signals in
the IF range . 89
Annex H (informative) Measurement errors which occur due to mismatched equipment . 90
Annex I (normative) Correction factor for spectrum analyser . 91
Bibliography . 92

Figure 1 – Example of headend . 13
Figure 2 – Examples of IP gateways/interfaces at the input of headends . 14
Figure 3 – Examples of IP gateways and interfaces at the output of central headends . 15

– 6 – IEC 60728-5:2015 © IEC 2015
Figure 4 – Frequencies and levels of test carriers . 27
Figure 5 – Test carrier and interfering products in the pass band . 28
Figure 6 – Example showing products formed when 2f > f . 29
a b
Figure 7 – Carrier-to-spurious signal ratio at the output . 30
Figure 8 – Carrier-to spurious signal ratio at the output . 31
Figure 9 – Shoulder attenuation . 31
Figure 10 – Arrangement of test equipment for carrier-to-noise ratio measurement . 32
Figure 11 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of differential gain and
phase . 40
Figure 12 – Signal D2 waveform . 40
Figure 13 – Example of modified staircase . 40
Figure 14 – Measuring set-up for determining the group delay variation . 41
Figure 15 – RF signal (time domain) amplitude-modulated with a split-frequency signal . 42
Figure 16 – Spectral presentation of the group delay measurement . 43
Figure 17 – Description of the measuring set-up . 44
Figure 18 – Choices of measuring aperture (value of the split frequency) for various
measurement tests . 44
Figure 19 – Test set-up for phase noise measurement . 46
Figure 20 – Mask for phase noise measurements . 47
Figure 21 – Carrier/hum ratio . 48
Figure 22 – Test set-up for equipment with built-in power supply . 49
Figure 23 – Test set-up for equipment with external power supply . 49
Figure 24 – Oscilloscope display . 50
Figure 25 – K-factor mask for quality grade 2 . 52
Figure 26 – Generation of 20T-pulse . 53
Figure 27 – Example of amplitude and delay error using 20T-pulse . 53
Figure 28 – Staircase signal for measurement of luminance non-linearity before and
after differentiation . 54
Figure 29 – Example of a possible frequency combination displayed on a spectrum
analyser . 54
Figure 30 – Arrangement of test equipment for intermodulation distortion . 55
Figure 31 – Principal measuring set-up for determination of decoding margin . 56
Figure 32 – Example of diagram of NF, C/N or S/N for equipment with AGC . 69
Figure A.1 – Test frequency range for TV channel processors . 74
Figure A.2 – Test frequency range for sub-band, full-band and multi-band amplifiers . 74
Figure A.3 – Test frequency range for an FM radio channel processor . 75
Figure B.1 – Contact allocation and mechanical dimensions . 76
Figure C.1 – Selectivity diagram for PAL B/G with mono or stereo sound . 77
Figure C.2 – Selectivity diagram for PAL B/G with NICAM 728 in the lower adjacent
channel . 78
Figure C.3 – Selectivity diagram for PAL I . 79
Figure C.4 – Group delay mask for the standards B/G, D/D1/K and I . 79
Figure C.5 – Group delay pre-correction diagram for standard B/G . 80
Figure C.6 – Selectivity diagram for SECAM L . 80
Figure C.7 – Group delay mask for SECAM L . 81

Figure C.8 – Selectivity diagram for PAL D/K . 81
Figure E.1 – Noise correction factor CF (dB) versus measured level difference D (dB) . 84
Figure G.1 – Frequency tolerance of converted signals in the IF range . 89
Figure H.1 – Error concerning return loss measurement . 90
Figure H.2 – Maximum ripple . 90

Table 1 – Test signal levels for the different television standards in decibels relative to
reference level . 27
Table 2 – Test signal levels in decibels relative to reference level . 28
Table 3 – Test signal levels for sound and vision carriers in decibels relative to
reference level . 30
Table 4 – Noise bandwidth . 34
Table 5 – Frequency distances for phase noise measurement . 47
Table 6 – Publications for environmental requirements of headend equipment . 57
Table 7 – Return loss (input, output) of equipment . 58
Table 8 – Return loss (output) of headend . 58
Table 9 – Typical levels of digital signals with respect to analogue signals (back-off) . 59
Table 10 – Carrier-to-spurious-signals ratio of digital modulated channel with respect
to the peak level of an analogue TV carrier . 60
Table 11 – Frequency stability for AM TV related to the nominal AM TV frequency . 60
Table 12 – Long-term frequency stability for digital modulated signals . 61
Table 13 – Shoulder attenuation for digital modulated signals . 61
Table 14 – Phase noise of a DVB signal (PSK and QAM) . 62
Table 15 – Phase noise of a DVB signal (OFDM) . 62
Table 16 – In-channel group delay variation for digital modulated signals . 62
Table 17 – In-channel peak-to-peak amplitude response variation of DVB signals . 63
Table 18 – Stability of sound intercarrier . 63
Table 19 – Stability of residual carrier amplitude . 63
Table 20 – Frequency stability – SAT IF/IF converter . 64
Table 21 – Minimum requirements for MER for different QAM modulation schemes . 64
Table 22 – C/N values for converters at the headend output . 64
Table 23 – Return loss . 65
Table 24 – Signal voltage . 65
Table 25 – Signal level . 66
Table 26 – Requirements for decoding margin (Teletext) . 66
Table 27 – Return loss – IF signal . 66
Table 28 – Return loss – Antennas for terrestrial reception . 66
Table 29 – Recommended temperature ranges . 67
Table 30 – Carrier-to-third-order intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of
channel amplifiers/frequency converters . 67
Table 31 – Carrier-to-third-order intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of
sub-band, full band, multi-band amplifiers and multi-channel frequency converters for
AM TV (not for channel amplifier) . 67
Table 32 – Carrier-to-second-order intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of
sub-band, full band, multi-band amplifiers and frequency converters for AM TV or FM
radio (not for channel amplifier) . 68

– 8 – IEC 60728-5:2015 © IEC 2015
Table 33 – Carrier-to-intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of FM-TV
channel amplifiers/frequency converters . 68
Table 34 – Carrier-to-third-order intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of FM
TV full band, sub-band amplifiers . 68
Table 35 – Output level stability for TV modulators, pilot generators and TV converters . 69
Table 36 – Recommendation for differential gain . 70
Table 37 – Recommendation for differential phase . 70
Table 38 – Recommendation for group delay variation . 70
Table 39 – Recommendation for luminance non-linearity . 71
Table 40 – K-factor masks for 2T-pulse responses . 71
Table 41 – Recommendations for sidelobe suppression . 72
Table 42 – Recommendation for return loss of antennas . 72
Table B.1 – Mechanical dimensions . 76
Table B.2 – Signal-to-pin allocation . 76
Table B.3 – Application . 76
Table C.1 – Selectivity table for PAL B/G with mono or stereo sound . 78
Table C.2 – Group delay pre-correction table for standard B/G . 80
Table E.1 – Noise correction factor . 83
Table F.1 – Total number of carriers and channel spacing for the OFDM modes (8 MHz
channel) . 86
Table F.2 – Examples of bandwidths for digital modulation techniques . 88

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –

Part 5: Headend equipment
FOREWORD
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