IEC 61988-2-3:2009

IEC 61988-2-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2009-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Plasma display panels –
Part 2-3: Measuring methods – Image quality: defects and degradation

Panneaux d’affichage à plasma –
Partie 2-3: Méthodes de mesure – Qualité d’image: défauts et dégradation

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
ƒ Catalogue des publications de la CEI: www.iec.ch/searchpub/cur_fut-f.htm
Le Catalogue en-ligne de la CEI vous permet d’effectuer des recherches en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence,
texte, comité d’études,…). Il donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications retirées ou remplacées.
ƒ Just Published CEI: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI. Just Published détaille deux fois par mois les nouvelles
publications parues. Disponible en-ligne et aussi par email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 20 000 termes et
définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé
Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International en ligne.
ƒ Service Clients: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv/custserv_entry-f.htm
Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions, visitez le FAQ du
Service clients ou contactez-nous:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tél.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
IEC 61988-2-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2009-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Plasma display panels –
Part 2-3: Measuring methods – Image quality: defects and degradation

Panneaux d’affichage à plasma –
Partie 2-3: Méthodes de mesure – Qualité d’image: défauts et dégradation

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
S
CODE PRIX
ICS 31.260 ISBN 978-2-88910-598-4
– 2 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Standard measuring conditions.7
4.1 Environmental conditions .7
4.2 Lighting conditions .7
4.3 Set-up conditions .7
4.3.1 Adjustment of PDP modules .7
4.3.2 Warm-up condition of PDP modules .7
4.3.3 Conditions of measuring and driving equipment.7
5 Measuring methods .8
5.1 Cell defects .8
5.1.1 Purpose.8
5.1.2 Measuring equipment .8
5.1.3 Measuring layout .8
5.1.4 Division of display zone .8
5.1.5 Classification of cell defects .9
5.1.6 Luminance levels of defective cells.9
5.1.7 Measuring procedure.11
5.2 Image sticking .12
5.2.1 Purpose.12
5.2.2 Measuring equipment .12
5.2.3 Specification of image sticking.13
5.2.4 Measuring procedure.13
5.3 Luminance lifetime .15
5.3.1 Purpose.15
5.3.2 Measuring equipment .16
5.3.3 Measuring procedure.16
Annex A (informative) Luminance lifetime estimation .18
Bibliography.23

Figure 1 – Measuring system and its arrangement .8
Figure 2 – Example of display zone .9
Figure 3 – Dark defect on green screen and its luminance level.10
Figure 4 – Bright defect on white screen and its luminance level.10
Figure 5 – Bright defect on black screen and its luminance level.10
Figure 6 – Bright defect on other colour screen and its luminance level .11
Figure 7 – Image sticking pattern .13
Figure 8 – Image sticking measuring position.14
Figure 9 – Stabilization of luminance lifetime measurement .16
Figure 10 – Example of luminance lifetime measurement.17
Figure A.1 – An example of luminance degradation under different luminance
conditions .19

61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 3 –
Figure A.2 – The luminance degradation on log t axis .19
1/2
Figure A.3 – The luminance degradation on L(t) vs. t axis (an example of straight
line) .21
1/2
Figure A.4 – The luminance degradation on L(t) vs. t axis .21
Figure A.5 – Flow of luminance lifetime estimation.22

Table 1 – Input signal for cell defect observation .12
Table 2 – An example record of cell defects.12
Table 3 – Example of image sticking coefficient measurement (full screen red) .15

– 4 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
––––––––––––
PLASMA DISPLAY PANELS –
Part 2-3: Measuring methods –
Image quality: defects and degradation

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61988-2-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 110:
Flat panel display devices.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
110/180/FDIS 110/188/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval on this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 61988 series, under the general title Plasma display panels,
can be found on the IEC website.

61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
PLASMA DISPLAY PANELS –
Part 2-3: Measuring methods –
Image quality: defects and degradation

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61988 determines the measuring methods for defects and degradation of
colour plasma display (PDP) module in the following areas:
a) cell defects;
b) image sticking;
c) luminance lifetime.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1:1988, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60107-1:1997, Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast
transmissions – Part 1: General considerations – Measurements at radio and video
frequencies
IEC 61988-1, Plasma display panels – Part 1: Terminology and letter symbols
IEC 61988-2-1:2002, Plasma display panels – Part 2-1: Measuring methods – Optical
CIE 15:2004, Colorimetry, 3rd Edition (ISBN 978 3 901906 33 6)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, most of the terms and definitions used, comply with
IEC 61988-1, IEC 60068-1 and IEC 60107-1, and the followings apply.
3.1
cell defect
cell showing a dark defect or a bright defect, or an unstable cell
3.2
defect luminance ratio
percentage of luminance difference from the full screen white-level luminance of each colour
3.3
unstable cell
cell that changes luminance in an uncontrollable way

61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 7 –
4 Standard measuring conditions
4.1 Environmental conditions
Measurements shall be carried out under the standard environmental conditions, e.g. at a
temperature of 25 °C ± 3 °C, a relative humidity of 25 % to 85 % and pressure of 86 kPa to
106 kPa. When different environmental conditions are used, it shall be noted on the report.
4.2 Lighting conditions
The following dark-room conditions shall be used for all measurements. Illuminance shall be
less than 1 lx anywhere on the screen of the PDP module. When this illuminance significantly
affects the measurement of the black level, the background subtraction method shall be used.
In case of a different illuminance or if the background subtraction method is used, it shall be
noted on the report.
4.3 Set-up conditions
Standard set-up conditions are given below. Each condition shall be noted on the
specification form whenever any measurement is carried out under conditions that differ from
the standard set-up conditions.
4.3.1 Adjustment of PDP modules
For contrast adjustable PDP module, set the maximum contrast under the standard measuring
environmental conditions (see 4.1), measurements shall be started when the PDP module
achieves stability.
4.3.2 Warm-up condition of PDP modules
Measurements shall be started after warm-up when the PDP module achieves stability. The
warm-up time shall be longer than 30 min with signal input set at 15 % grey level on full
screen without gamma correction. Measurements shall be started after the above warm-up
when the PDP module achieves stability, unless other specified measuring methods are used.
When different warm-up conditions are used, they shall be noted on the report.
4.3.3 Conditions of measuring and driving equipment
a) The light measuring device shall be aligned perpendicular to the area to be measured on
the screen of the PDP module.
b) The standard measuring distance ℓ is 2,5 V, where V is the screen height or the short
X0
side length of the screen. The measuring distance shall be between 1,6 V and 2,8 V. The
measuring distance shall be noted on the report (see Figure 1).
c) The light measuring device shall be set at a proper aperture angle less than or equal to 2 °
and shall measure an area of at least 500 pixels which has an extent less than 10 % of the
screen height. This area corresponds to a circular measurement area of at least 26 lines
in diameter in the case of a display panel having a square pixel consisting of 3 subpixels.
The measuring distance and the aperture angle may be adjusted to achieve a viewing
area greater than 500 pixels which has an extent less than 10 % of the screen height if
setting the above aperture angle is difficult. Such deviations from standard conditions shall
be noted on the report.
d) The standard field frequency of the driving signal equipment shall be 60 Hz, unless the
module is intended to be used at a significantly different frequency. In any case, the field
frequency used shall be noted on the report.
e) In case of visual inspection, the inspector shall observe the area to be measured on the
screen of the colour plasma display module from the same position of light measuring
devices.
– 8 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
Colour plasma
display module
Display surface
Light measuring device
Driving Driving
power signal
source
ℓ
X0
IEC  1242/09
Figure 1 – Measuring system and its arrangement
5 Measuring methods
5.1 Cell defects
5.1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this method is to measure the cell defects of the PDP modules.
5.1.2 Measuring equipment
The following equipment shall be used:
a) Driving power source
b) Driving signal equipment
c) Automatic defect inspection instrument (optional).
5.1.3 Measuring layout
Measurements shall be carried out at the standard measuring layout shown in Figure 1. When
a different measuring layout is used, this shall be noted on the report. When visual inspection
is used, the inspector should observe the module from the same place as the light measuring
equipment which is defined in the standard measuring layout.
5.1.4 Division of display zone
The whole screen is usually divided into two zones during the measurement, as shown in
Figure 2.
61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 9 –
B-ZONE
A-ZONE
0,5 V V
(25 %)
0,5 H
H
IEC  1243/09
Key
1  A-zone, the 25 % area of inner box
2  B-zone, the remaining 75 % area in the outer box
Figure 2 – Example of display zone
In this example, the centre of A-zone collides to the screen centre and the ratio of the size of
A-zone to that of the screen area may be defined. Figure 2 shows an example of 25 % area
and the horizontal and vertical ratio are both 0,5.
For the measurement of cell defects, the number of defect cells may be separately observed
on each separated screen zone as shown in Figure 2, when required in the relevant
specification.
5.1.5 Classification of cell defects
Cell defects are classified as follows: dark defect, bright defect and unstable cell.
For the definitions, see 3.3 of this standard and IEC 61988-1.
5.1.6 Luminance levels of defective cells
The luminance level for each defect on each screen condition is defined as the defect
luminance ratio X, Y, Z or V as follows:
– A dark defect (R, G, or B) has a luminance which is darker than X % of the luminance of
full screen R, G or B respectively (see Figure 3).
– A bright defect (R, G, or B) on white, or same colour screen has a luminance which is
brighter than Y % of the luminance of full screen R, G, or B respectively (see Figure 4).
– A bright defect (R, G, or B) on black screen has a luminance which is brighter than Z % of
the luminance of full screen R, G or B respectively (see Figure 5).
– A bright defect (R, G, or B) on other colours (for an example, red bright defect on full
screen green, or phosphor contamination) has a luminance which is brighter than V % of
the luminance of full screen R, G or B respectively (see Figure 6).
The X, Y, Z or V values can be different for each colour defect. The values chosen for X, Y, Z
and V shall be given in the report.

– 10 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
R G B R G B R G B R G B R G B R G B
X
Defect
levels
Luminance of
Luminance of
defect cell
full screen
a) Green dark defect on b) Full screen green
green cell
green screen
c) Luminance level of
defect cell
IEC  1244/09
Figure 3 – Dark defect on green screen and its luminance level

R G B R G B R G B  R G B R G B R G B
Defect
levels
Y
Luminance of Luminance of
defect cell full screen
a) Green bright defect on b) Full screen green green cell
white screen
c) Luminance level of
defect cell
IEC  1245/09
Figure 4 – Bright defect on white screen and its luminance level

R G B R G B R G B R G B R G B R G B
Defect
levels
Z
Luminance of Luminance of
defect cell full screen
green cell
a) Green bright defect on
b) Full screen green
c) Luminance level of
black screen
defect cell
IEC  1246/09
Figure 5 – Bright defect on black screen and its luminance level

Relative luminance (%)
Relative luminance (%)
Relative luminance (%)
61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 11 –
R G B R G B R G B
R G B R G B R G B
a1) Green bright defect on
blue screen
Defect
levels
V
R G B R G B R G B
Luminance of Luminance of
defect cell full screen
green cell
b) Full screen green
c) Luminance level of
defect cell
Phosphor contamination
(green on blue cell)
a2) Green bright defect on
blue screen by
phosphor contamination
IEC  1247/09
Figure 6 – Bright defect on other colour screen and its luminance level
Peak to peak luminance variation ratio of unstable cell, W W W : The peak to peak
R G B
luminance variation of an unstable cell is greater than W % of the full screen R, G and B
respectively.
The judgment whether a cell is a defect cell or not, is specified on the relevant specification.
5.1.7 Measuring procedure
Warm up the PDP module according to the procedure described in 4.3.2. The measurement
shall be performed under dark-room conditions (see 4.2.1).
Applied input signals are full screen black, full screen white, full screen red, full screen green,
and full screen blue. When different screen condition(s) are applied, they shall be reported.
Observed defect types on each screen are as follows:
– dark defect, bright defect and unstable cell on full screen white,
– bright defect and unstable cell on full screen black,
– bright defect, red dark defect and unstable cell on full screen red,
– bright defect, green dark defect and unstable cell on full screen green, and
– bright defect, blue dark defect and unstable cell on full screen blue.
Applied signal conditions and observed defect types are summarized in Table 1.
Input one of a full screen black, white, red, green and blue signals to the module. Each signal
is described in Table 1. Observe cell defects and classify them to three types of cell defects.
Record the number of three type cell defects. Observation area on the screen may be divided
into two zones as shown in Figure 2. An input signal is changed to another signal after the
observation of the cell defects of one signal is completed.
Relative luminance (%)
– 12 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
After the measurement of all input signals, record the total number of the defects and finish
the measurement.
The record of cell defects may be summarized as Table 2.
Table 1 – Input signal for cell defect observation
Input signal level
Observed defect of each colour (R,
Signal Display area
a
％ G, B)
Bright Dark Unstable
Red Green Blue
defect defect cell
Full screen
0 0 0 R, G, B - R, G, B Full screen
black
Full screen
100 100 100 R, G, B R, G, B R, G, B Full screen
white
Full screen red 100 0 0 R, G, B R R, G, B Full screen
Full screen
0 100 0 R, G, B G R, G, B Full screen
green
Full screen
0 0 100 R, G, B B R, G, B Full screen
blue
a
On black screen a dark defect (R, G, or B) is not observed, and a red dark defect is not observed on other
colour (G or B) screen for an example.

Table 2 – An example record of cell defects
Bright defect Dark defect Unstable cell
Signal
Red Green Blue Red Green Blue Red Green Blue
Full screen 1 0 2 - - - 0 0 1
black
Full screen 0 0 0 2 1 3 2 2 (1)
white
Full screen 0 1 0 (2) - - 0 0 1+(1)
red
Full screen 0 0 0 - 2+(1) - (1) (1) (2)
green
Full screen 1 (1) 0 - - 2+(3) (2) 0 (1)
blue
Total 2 1 2 2 3 5 2 2 2
NOTE The number in brackets is the count of previously measured same defects.

5.2 Image sticking
5.2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this method is to measure the image sticking of the PDP modules. We shall
consider both the luminance and colour change during the measurement.
5.2.2 Measuring equipment
The following equipment shall be used:
a) driving power source;
b) driving signal equipment;
c) light measuring device.
61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 13 –
5.2.3 Specification of image sticking
Image sticking is a general term that refers to a burned-in image, a ghost image or an image
that decays slowly over time. This is measured after operating the PDP module for 1 h with a
full white screen. See IEC 61988-1.
NOTE The 1h full white screen operation avoids confusion between image sticking and short term image retention
that disappears quickly.
5.2.4 Measuring procedure
The PDP module shall be set in the standard measuring conditions and in the dark-room
conditions. The layout diagram is shown in Figure 1.
Apply full screen white signal of level 100 % to the PDP module for 1 h, measure the initial
luminance values and the initial chromaticity values at the measuring points P to P as
0 4
shown in Figure 8, and then change to full screen red, green and blue in turn to measure the
initial luminance values and the initial chromaticity values at the measuring points P to P as
0 4
shown in Figure 8. Warm-up of the PDP module is not required here.
Apply white signal (H/5 . V/5) of level 100 % to the PDP module and maintain for the following
selected time (8, 12, 24, 36, 48) hours (should be noted) in the standard measuring condition,
the display pattern is shown in Figure 7. Afterwards, turn the PDP module power off and
maintain for 1 h in the standard measuring condition.

2H/5 H/5
H
IEC  1248/09
Figure 7 – Image sticking pattern
Apply full white signal of level 100 % to the PDP module for 1 h in the standard measuring
condition, measure the final luminance values and the final chromaticity values at the
measuring points P to P as shown in Figure 8, and then change to full screen red, green
0 4
and blue in turn to measure the final luminance values and the final chromaticity values at the
measuring points P to P as shown in Figure 8.
0 4
V
V/5 2V/5
– 14 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
P
P P P
4 0 2
P
V/5
H/5
IEC  1249/09
Figure 8 – Image sticking measuring position
The image sticking luminance ratio IS （ｔ）, IS （ｔ）, IS （ｔ） and IS （ｔ） for red, green, blue and
R G B W
white are as below:
L (ｔ) / L (ｔ)
R,P0 R,av
IS (ｔ) = ( 1 –  ----------------------------- -----) × 100 %
R
L (ｔ ) / L (ｔ )
R,P0 0 R,av 0
L (ｔ) / L (ｔ)
G,P0 G,av
IS (ｔ) = ( 1 –  ----------------------------- -----) × 100 %
G
L (ｔ ) / L (ｔ )
G,P0 0 G,av 0
L (ｔ) / L (ｔ)
B,P0 B,av
IS (ｔ) = ( 1 –  ----------------------------- -----) × 100 %
B
L (ｔ ) / L (ｔ )
B,P0 0 B,av 0
L (ｔ) / L (ｔ)
W,P0 W,av
IS (ｔ) = ( 1 –  ----------------------------- -----) × 100%
W
L (ｔ ) / L (ｔ )
W,P0 0 W,av 0
where
L (ｔ ) is the luminance at the measuring point P0 of the full screen red before the image loading,
R,P0 0
L (ｔ) is the luminance at the measuring point P0 of the full screen red after the image loading for a loading
R,P0
period ｔ,
L (ｔ ) is the average luminance of 4 measuring points (P1, P2, P3 and P4) of the full screen red before the
R,av 0
image loading,
L (ｔ) is the average luminance of 4 measuring points (P1, P2, P3 and P4) of the full screen red after the image
R,av
loading for a loading period ｔ, andｔ is the image loading time.
The image sticking chromatic deviation (Δu’(t),Δv’(t)) (Δu’(t),Δv’(t)) , (Δu’(t),Δv’(t)) , and
,
R G B
(Δu’(t),Δv’(t)) at the measuring point P for red, green, blue and white are as below:
W 0
(Δu’(t),Δv’(t)) = (u’(t),v’(t)) – (u’(t ),v’(t ))

R R 0 0 R
(Δu’(t),Δv’(t)) = (u’(t),v’(t)) – (u’(t ),v’(t ))

G G 0 0 G
61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 15 –
(Δu’(t),Δv’(t)) = (u’(t),v’(t)) – (u’(t ),v’(t ))

B B 0 0 B
(Δu’(t),Δv’(t)) = (u’(t),v’(t)) – (u’(t ),v’(t ))

W W 0 0 W
where u' and v' are CIE 1976 UCS diagram coordinates defined in CIE 15.
The values of u' and v' can be calculated from those of x and y using following equations:
u' = 4x / (3 – 2x + 12y);
v' = 9y / (3 – 2x + 12y);
where x and y are CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates.
The measuring result should be summarized in a table. Table 3 shows an example.
When the initial chromatic non-uniformity among these points is large compared to the
chromatic difference, then the chromatic change at the measuring point P shall be noted on
the report.
See IEC 61988-2-1 for optical measurement for calculating chromatic uniformity.
NOTE The measuring method of spatial non-uniformity in IEC 61966-5 can be referred.
Table 3 – Example of image sticking coefficient measurement (full screen red)
P P P P P
0 1 2 3 4
L (ｔ )
R,P0 0
cd/m
L (ｔ)
R,P0
cd/m
L (ｔ )
R,av 0
cd/m
L (ｔ)
R,av
cd/m
IS (ｔ)
R
%
(x(t ),y(t ))
0 0 R
(x(t),y(t))
R
(u’(t ),v’(t ))
0 0 R
(u’(t),v’(t))
R
Initial chromatic non-
uniformity (Compare
------------
with P )
------------------------------------------------------------------
(Δu’(t),Δv’(t))
R
5.3 Luminance lifetime
5.3.1 Purpose
The purpose of this method is to measure the luminance lifetime of the PDP modules.
NOTE During life time measurement the colour of the PDP modules may change, no adjustment needed.

– 16 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
5.3.2 Measuring equipment
The following equipment shall be used:
a) driving power source;
b) driving signal equipment;
c) light measuring device.
5.3.3 Measuring procedure
The PDP module shall be set in the standard measuring conditions. The dark-room conditions
shall be applied when the luminance is measured. The layout diagram is shown in Figure 1.
Apply full screen input signal set at 15 % of white level without gamma correction or
equivalent input level when gamma correction is used. Operate the module one day under
these conditions for stabilization (see Figure 9). Measure the initial luminance for time zero at
the point P as shown in Figure 8. Keep the above operating conditions and measure the
luminance of point P at specified time. The specified time may be 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100,
200, 500, 1 000 and 2 000 days.

–1 day 0 +1 day
Test start
IEC  1250/09
Figure 9 – Stabilization of luminance lifetime measurement
The luminance lifetime is the time when the luminance of the PDP module becomes 50 % of
its initial value at time zero, as shown in Figure 10.

Relative luminance  (%)
61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 17 –
0  50  100
Lifetime
Operating time  (1 000 h)
IEC  1251/09
NOTE 1 Input signal of 15 % full white is estimated as the average input signal level of TV program.
NOTE 2 Chromaticity should be measured as a reference.
Figure 10 – Example of luminance lifetime measurement
In the measuring of luminance lifetime, some acceleration method may be acceptable. If any
acceleration method is applied, the acceleration condition, the acceleration ratio and the
theoretical basis of the method shall be reported.

Relative luminance  (%)
– 18 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
Annex A
(informative)
Luminance lifetime estimation
A.1 General
The measurement of luminance lifetime needs very long time for the reason that the
luminance lifetime usually exceeds several ten thousand hours. Acceleration method and
extrapolation method are applied to shorten the measuring period. Luminance lifetime is a
degradation phenomenon on light emitting mechanism of a PDP. Acceleration method is
applied to accelerate the degradation phenomenon under accelerating conditions.
Extrapolation method is applied to estimate the lifetime by using a degradation time formula.
Both methods are based on the knowledge of the phenomenon.
A.2 Acceleration method
Acceleration method of luminance lifetime is explained by using an example, where the
accelerating conditions of the luminance degradation of PDPs are experimentally determined
as follows:
a) luminance input level is in proportion to the speed of luminance degradation as shown in
Figure A.1 and A.2;
b) average temperature of the PDP has little affect on the degradation;
c) partial heating of the panel have an affect on the degradation, but the affect is very
complex and difficult to be simplified; and
d) other conditions have only a little affect on the degradation.
NOTE Accelerating conditions of each PDP module may be different, as the panel design, panel materials and
driving method are different in the module.
In this case, the acceleration may be carried under high luminance condition. Luminance
lifetime is defined as an operating time when the luminance of the PDP module reaches to the
half value of its initial value under an operating condition with a signal input of full screen
15 % white level without gamma correction and auto power control, i.e. normal operating
condition. When a signal input of full screen 60 % white level is applied without auto power
control, the luminance input level is five times larger and the luminance degradation speed is
five times faster. The measuring period of the luminance lifetime becomes one fifth of the time
under the normal operating condition.
NOTE When the affect of partial heating is clarified, window acceleration (using higher luminance window pattern,
i.e. higher acceleration condition) may be applied.

61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 19 –
Increase of luminance input level
Normal operating condition
Acceleration condition
t
IEC  1252/09
Key
t operating time
L(t) luminance at t
L initial luminance
The speed of luminance degradation increases by luminance input levels.
Figure A.1 – An example of luminance degradation
under different luminance conditions

Normal operating condition
Increase of luminance
1,0
input level
Acceleration condition
0,5 Observed data
Estimated degradation
Acceleration factor Δ log t
curve obtained under
acceleration condition
Log  (t)
IEC  1253/09
Key
t operating time
L(t) luminance at t
L initial luminance
The shape of luminance degradation curve under each luminance input level keeps same and moves to shorter
(Δlog t)
time region by the increase of luminance input level. Acceleration factor 10 is in proportion to the ratio of
luminance input level.
Figure A.2 – Luminance degradation on log t axis

Relative luminance L(t)/L
Relative luminance L(t)/L
– 20 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
Acceleration ratio is limited by the limit of applicable luminance input level. When an
acceleration ratio of 10 times is applied, the test period of several ten thousand hours under
normal conditions is reduced to several thousand hours. Even then the test period is too long.
An extrapolation method may be applied.
A.3 Extrapolation method
Extrapolation method may be applied, when the degradation formula is determined. Usually
degradation phenomena show exponential degradation as following:

A(t) = A exp –(t/τ)
In which
t   is the operating time,
A(t) is the physical value of the degradation phenomena at time t,
A  is the initial value of A(t), and
τ   is the constant (relaxation time).
But in the case of luminance degradation of PDPs, this formula does not coincide with the
observed result. Other formula should be chosen to apply. W. Lehman (J. Electrochem.
Soc.,130,426 ,1983) introduced following formula to the luminance degradation of fluorescent
lamps and in some cases this formula coincides with the luminance degradation of PDPs.
1/2
L(t) = L exp –(t/τ)
In which
t   is the operating time,
L(t) is the physical value of the degradation phenomena at time t,
L  is the initial value of L(t), and
τ   is the constant.
1/2
In this formula, there is a linear relation between log L(t) and t as follows;
1/2
log L(t) = –(t/τ) + log L
1/2
And the relation appears as a linear line on a log L(t) vs. t graph. Figure A.3 and Figure A.4
1/2
show examples of log L(t) vs. t graphs of luminance degradation of PDPs. The relation
appears as a straight line or a snapped line on the graph. When the slope of the line on
longer period and /or the position of the folding are observed, the estimation of the luminance
lifetime is allowed.
Usually the time, when the luminance degradation shows the folding on the graph, is several
thousand hours in the normal lifetime measuring method. It is also too long and the
combination of acceleration method and extrapolation method are applied.

61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 21 –
Observation
Extrapolation
Slope
(L/L = 0,5)
–0,3
Luminance lifetime
1/2
t
IEC  1254/09
When the slope is determined, the lifetime estimation may be applied.
1/2
Figure A.3 – Luminance degradation on L(t) vs. t axis
(an example of straight line)
Folding
Observation
Slope
Extrapolation
(L/L = 0,5)
–0,3
Luminance lifetime
1/2
IEC  1255/09
t
When the position of the folding and the slope are determined, the lifetime estimation may be
applied.
1/2
Figure A.4 – Luminance degradation on L(t) vs. t axis
log L(t) /L log L(t) /L
– 22 – 61988-2-3 © IEC:2009
A.4 Estimation of luminance lifetime
In this example, at first acceleration method is applied to measure the folding and the slope of
the line on longer period. Then extrapolation is applied and the luminance lifetime is
determined as shown in Figure A.5.

Normal operating condition
Compare the shape
of degradation curves
1,0 Increase of luminance input level
and determine the
acceleration factor
of each acceleration
condition to normal
Observed data
operating condition
0,5
Estimated degradation
Acceleration factor Δ log t
curve obtained under
acceleration condition
log (t)
1/2
Plot the data on t axis
Increase of luminance input level
Extrapolation is applied
Normal operating condition
and lifetime is estimated
Observed data
Estimated degradation
by acceleration method
Linear extrapolation
Acceleration condition
–0,3
Luminance life
1/2
t
IEC  1256/09
Key
t operating time
L(t) luminance at t
L initial luminance
Combination of acceleration method and extrapolation method.
Figure A.5 – Flow of luminance lifetime estimation

Relative luminance L(t)/L
log L(t) /L
61988-2-3 © IEC:2009 – 23 –
Bibliography
IEC 61966-5, Multimedia systems and equipment – Colour measurement and management –
Part 5: Equipment using plasma display panels
IEC 61988-2-2:2003, Plasma display panels – Part 2-2: Measuring methods – Optoelectrical
W. Lehmann: J. Electrochem. Soc.,130, 426 (1983)

___________
– 24 – 61988-2-3 © CEI:2009
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS.26
1 Domaine d'application .28
2 Références normatives.28
3 Termes et définitions .28
4 Conditions normalisées de mesure .29
4.1 Conditions d’environnement .
...