IEC 61938:2018
(Main)Multimedia systems - Guide to the recommended characteristics of analogue interfaces to achieve interoperability (GMT)
Multimedia systems - Guide to the recommended characteristics of analogue interfaces to achieve interoperability (GMT)
IEC 61938:2018 gives guidance on current practice for the characteristics of multimedia analogue interfaces to achieve interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers. It is not a performance standard. Recommendations for interfaces for equipment used in vehicles, and for analogue video interfaces for broadcast and similar equipment, are not given. Refer to IEC 60958 for the interconnection of digital signals. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) electric tolerance is standardized;
b) recommended value of output source impedance is adjusted;
c) value of 6 Ohms is additionally recommended to impedance-defined loudspeaker systems;
d) values in each table are chosen with respect to the state of the art and representative of best practice in industry.
Systèmes multimédias – Guide des caractéristiques recommandées des interfaces analogiques qui permettent d'obtenir l'interopérabilité
L'IEC 61938:2018 fournit des recommandations relatives à la pratique courante en ce qui concerne les caractéristiques des interfaces analogiques multimédias qui permettent d'obtenir l'interopérabilité entre des matériels en provenance de fabricants différents. Il ne s'agit pas d'une norme de performance.
Les recommandations relatives aux interfaces des matériels utilisés dans les véhicules et aux interfaces vidéo analogiques pour radiodiffusion et matériels similaires ne sont pas fournies.
Se référer à l'IEC 60958 pour l'interconnexion des signaux numériques.
L'IEC 61938:2018 annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2013. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) la tolérance électrique a été normalisée;
b) la valeur recommandée de l'impédance de source de sortie a été ajustée;
c) la valeur de 6 est également recommandée pour les systèmes de haut-parleurs à impédance définie;
d) les valeurs de chaque tableau ont été choisies en tenant compte de l'état de la technique et sont représentatives des meilleures pratiques dans l'industrie.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 61938 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Multimedia systems –
Guide to the recommended characteristics of analogue interfaces to achieve
interoperability
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: csc@iec.ch.
IEC 61938 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Multimedia systems –
Guide to the recommended characteristics of analogue interfaces to achieve
interoperability
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.160.01, 35.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-5056-3
– 2 – IEC 61938:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 General conditions . 13
5 Power supply . 13
5.1 Alternating current (AC) power supply voltages and frequencies . 13
5.2 Direct current (DC) power supply voltages . 14
5.3 Power supply feed for microphones . 14
6 Interconnections . 14
6.1 Connections . 14
6.1.1 General . 14
6.1.2 Characteristics of cables . 14
6.2 Connectors . 16
7 Marking and symbols for marking . 16
7.1 Marking . 16
7.2 Symbols for marking . 16
8 Electrical recommended values . 16
8.1 General purpose output/input . 16
8.2 General purpose audio output/input . 16
8.2.1 Audio-only interfaces for consumer equipment . 16
8.2.2 Interfaces for professional equipment and consumer equipment where
audio and video signals are present on the same connector or cable . 17
8.3 General purpose video input/output . 19
9 Interoperability of microphones and amplifiers . 19
9.1 Microphones (excluding piezoelectric types) . 19
9.2 Power supply feed for electret microphones fed over a signal conductor
(“plug-in power”) . 20
9.3 Power supply feed for electret microphones fed by a separate conductor
("soundcard power" or "PC power") . 21
9.4 Phantom supply system . 21
9.4.1 General . 21
9.4.2 Supply voltage polarity . 21
9.4.3 Circuit diagram . 22
9.4.4 Value of the supply voltage . 22
9.4.5 Supply current . 22
9.4.6 Marking . 22
9.5 A-B supply system . 23
9.5.1 General . 23
9.5.2 Output impedance of the microphone . 23
9.5.3 Circuit diagram . 23
9.5.4 Connection of the power supply to earth . 23
9.5.5 Marking . 23
9.6 Polarity of the audio frequency voltage . 23
10 Interoperability of record-playing units (pick-ups) and amplifiers . 25
11 Interoperability of loudspeakers and amplifiers . 26
11.1 Single unit loudspeakers . 26
11.2 Loudspeaker systems . 26
11.2.1 Loudspeakers with built-in amplifier . 26
11.2.2 Impedance-defined loudspeaker systems . 26
11.2.3 Constant voltage loudspeaker systems . 27
11.3 Voltage (or power) interoperability of amplifiers and loudspeakers . 27
11.3.1 Overview . 27
11.3.2 Interoperability requirements . 27
11.4 Polarity of the sound pressure . 28
12 Interoperability of headphones and amplifiers . 28
12.1 General . 28
12.2 Interoperability of headphones with stationary amplifiers . 28
12.3 Interoperability of portable audio headphones/earphones and portable audio
equipment . 29
12.3.1 General . 29
12.3.2 Portable audio headphones/earphones . 29
12.3.3 Portable audio equipment . 29
12.3.4 Recommended values and input/output values for portable audio
headphones/earphones and portable audio equipment . 29
13 Interoperability of amplifiers with other amplifiers. 30
13.1 Pre-amplifiers and power amplifiers for general purpose and sound
reinforcement . 30
13.2 Broadcast and similar line amplifiers. 31
Annex A (informative) Pairing and screening of conductors . 32
Annex B (informative) Phantom power variants for specialized applications . 33
Bibliography . 34
Figure 1 – Audio and video sources and destinations . 9
Figure 2 – Example of plug-in power system for a single microphone . 23
Figure 3 – Example of plug-in power system for a two-channel microphone . 24
Figure 4 – Example of soundcard power system . 24
Figure 5 – Example of phantom power supply system . 24
Figure 6 – Example of A-B power supply system . 25
Figure B.1 – Caution symbol . 33
Table 1 – Direct current (DC) power supply voltages and tolerances . 14
Table 2 – General purpose values for audio-only interfaces . 16
Table 3 – General purpose values for audio signals for professional interfaces . 18
Table 4 – General purpose recommended values for video signals . 19
Table 5 – Recommended values for microphones and amplifiers . 20
Table 6 – Required values for phantom supply systems . 25
Table 7 – Required values for A-B power supply systems . 25
Table 8 – Recommended values for analogue record-playing units and amplifiers . 25
Table 9 – Recommended values for impedance-defined loudspeaker systems . 26
Table 10 – Recommended values for constant voltage loudspeaker systems . 27
– 4 – IEC 61938:2018 © IEC 2018
Table 11 – Recommended values for headphones and amplifiers in stationary
applications . 28
Table 12 – Recommended values for portable audio headphones/earphones and
portable audio equipment . 29
Table 13 – Recommended values for pre-amplifiers and power amplifiers . 31
Table 14 – Recommended values for broadcast and similar line amplifiers . 31
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS –
GUIDE TO THE RECOMMENDED CHARACTERISTICS
OF ANALOGUE INTERFACES TO ACHIE
...
IEC 61938 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-01
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Multimedia systems –
Guide to the recommended characteristics of analogue interfaces to achieve
interoperability
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 21 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC 61938 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-01
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Multimedia systems –
Guide to the recommended characteristics of analogue interfaces to achieve
interoperability
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.160.01, 35.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-5276-5
– 2 – IEC 61938:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 General conditions . 13
5 Power supply . 14
5.1 Alternating current (AC) power supply voltages and frequencies . 14
5.2 Direct current (DC) power supply voltages . 14
5.3 Power supply feed for microphones . 14
6 Interconnections . 14
6.1 Connections . 14
6.1.1 General . 14
6.1.2 Characteristics of cables . 14
6.2 Connectors . 16
7 Marking and symbols for marking . 16
7.1 Marking . 16
7.2 Symbols for marking . 16
8 Electrical recommended values . 16
8.1 General purpose output/input . 16
8.2 General purpose audio output/input . 16
8.2.1 Audio-only interfaces for consumer equipment . 16
8.2.2 Interfaces for professional equipment and consumer equipment where
audio and video signals are present on the same connector or cable . 18
8.3 General purpose video input/output . 20
9 Interoperability of microphones and amplifiers . 20
9.1 Microphones (excluding piezoelectric types) . 20
9.2 Power supply feed for electret microphones fed over a signal conductor
(“plug-in power”) . 21
9.3 Power supply feed for electret microphones fed by a separate conductor
("soundcard power" or "PC power") . 22
9.4 Phantom supply system . 22
9.4.1 General . 22
9.4.2 Supply voltage polarity . 23
9.4.3 Circuit diagram . 23
9.4.4 Value of the supply voltage . 23
9.4.5 Supply current . 23
9.4.6 Marking . 23
9.5 A-B supply system . 24
9.5.1 General . 24
9.5.2 Output impedance of the microphone . 24
9.5.3 Circuit diagram . 24
9.5.4 Connection of the power supply to earth . 24
9.5.5 Marking . 24
9.6 Polarity of the audio frequency voltage . 24
10 Interoperability of record-playing units (pick-ups) and amplifiers . 27
11 Interoperability of loudspeakers and amplifiers . 27
11.1 Single unit loudspeakers . 27
11.2 Loudspeaker systems . 27
11.2.1 Loudspeakers with built-in amplifier . 27
11.2.2 Impedance-defined loudspeaker systems . 28
11.2.3 Constant voltage loudspeaker systems . 28
11.3 Voltage (or power) interoperability of amplifiers and loudspeakers . 28
11.3.1 Overview . 28
11.3.2 Interoperability requirements . 29
11.4 Polarity of the sound pressure . 29
12 Interoperability of headphones and amplifiers . 29
12.1 General . 29
12.2 Interoperability of headphones with stationary amplifiers . 29
12.3 Interoperability of portable audio headphones/earphones and portable audio
equipment . 30
12.3.1 General . 30
12.3.2 Portable audio headphones/earphones . 30
12.3.3 Portable audio equipment . 30
12.3.4 Recommended values and input/output values for portable audio
headphones/earphones and portable audio equipment . 30
13 Interoperability of amplifiers with other amplifiers. 31
13.1 Pre-amplifiers and power amplifiers for general purpose and sound
reinforcement . 31
13.2 Broadcast and similar line amplifiers. 32
Annex A (informative) Pairing and screening of conductors . 33
Annex B (informative) Phantom power variants for specialized applications . 34
Bibliography . 35
Figure 1 – Audio and video sources and destinations . 9
Figure 2 – Example of plug-in power system for a single microphone . 25
Figure 3 – Example of plug-in power system for a two-channel microphone . 25
Figure 4 – Example of soundcard power system . 25
Figure 5 – Example of phantom power supply system . 26
Figure 6 – Example of A-B power supply system . 26
Figure B.1 – Caution symbol . 34
Table 1 – Direct current (DC) power supply voltages and tolerances . 14
Table 2 – General purpose values for audio-only interfaces . 17
Table 3 – General purpose values for audio signals for professional interfaces . 19
Table 4 – General purpose recommended values for video signals . 20
Table 5 – Recommended values for microphones and amplifiers . 21
Table 6 – Required values for phantom supply systems . 26
Table 7 – Required values for A-B power supply systems . 26
Table 8 – Recommended values for analogue record-playing units and amplifiers . 27
Table 9 – Recommended values for impedance-defined loudspeaker systems . 28
Table 10 – Recommended values for constant voltage loudspeaker systems . 28
– 4 – IEC 61938:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
Table 11 – Recommended values for headphones and amplifiers in stationary
applications . 30
Table 12 – Recommended values for portable audio headphones/earphones and
portable audio equipment . 31
Table 13 – Recommended values for pre-amplifiers and power amplifiers . 32
Table 14 – Recommended values for broadcast and similar line amplifiers . 32
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MULTIMEDIA SYST
...
IEC 61938 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Multimedia systems – Guide to the recommended characteristics of analogue
interfaces to achieve interoperability
Systèmes multimédias – Guide des caractéristiques recommandées des
interfaces analogiques qui permettent d'obtenir l'interopérabilité
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always have
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 300 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and once
and French, with equivalent terms in 19 additional languages.
a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need
further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.
A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
Recherche de publications IEC - Découvrez notre puissant moteur de recherche et consultez
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform gratuitement tous les aperçus des publications. Avec un
La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC abonnement, vous aurez toujours accès à un contenu à jour
en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, adapté à vos besoins.
comité d’études, …). Elle donne aussi des informations sur les
projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées. Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Le premier dictionnaire d'électrotechnologie en ligne au monde,
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
avec plus de 22 300 articles terminologiques en anglais et en
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just
français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans 19 langues
Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues.
additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire
Disponible en ligne et une fois par mois par email.
Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne.
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette
publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous:
sales@iec.ch.
IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
IEC 61938 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Multimedia systems – Guide to the recommended characteristics of analogue
interfaces to achieve interoperability
Systèmes multimédias – Guide des caractéristiques recommandées des
interfaces analogiques qui permettent d'obtenir l'interopérabilité
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.160.01, 35.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-1096-4
– 2 – IEC 61938:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 General conditions . 13
5 Power supply . 13
5.1 Alternating current (AC) power supply voltages and frequencies . 13
5.2 Direct current (DC) power supply voltages . 14
5.3 Power supply feed for microphones . 14
6 Interconnections . 14
6.1 Connections . 14
6.1.1 General . 14
6.1.2 Characteristics of cables . 14
6.2 Connectors . 16
7 Marking and symbols for marking . 16
7.1 Marking . 16
7.2 Symbols for marking . 16
8 Electrical recommended values . 16
8.1 General purpose output/input . 16
8.2 General purpose audio output/input . 16
8.2.1 Audio-only interfaces for consumer equipment . 16
8.2.2 Interfaces for professional equipment and consumer equipment where
audio and video signals are present on the same connector or cable . 18
8.3 General purpose video input/output . 20
9 Interoperability of microphones and amplifiers . 20
9.1 Microphones (excluding piezoelectric types) . 20
9.2 Power supply feed for electret microphones fed over a signal conductor
(“plug-in power”) . 21
9.3 Power supply feed for electret microphones fed by a separate conductor
("soundcard power" or "PC power") . 22
9.4 Phantom supply system . 22
9.4.1 General . 22
9.4.2 Supply voltage polarity . 22
9.4.3 Circuit diagram . 23
9.4.4 Value of the supply voltage . 23
9.4.5 Supply current . 23
9.4.6 Marking . 23
9.5 A-B supply system . 24
9.5.1 General . 24
9.5.2 Output impedance of the microphone . 24
9.5.3 Circuit diagram . 24
9.5.4 Connection of the power supply to earth . 24
9.5.5 Marking . 24
9.6 Polarity of the audio frequency voltage . 24
10 Interoperability of record-playing units (pick-ups) and amplifiers . 26
11 Interoperability of loudspeakers and amplifiers . 27
11.1 Single unit loudspeakers . 27
11.2 Loudspeaker systems . 27
11.2.1 Loudspeakers with built-in amplifier . 27
11.2.2 Impedance-defined loudspeaker systems . 27
11.2.3 Constant voltage loudspeaker systems . 28
11.3 Voltage (or power) interoperability of amplifiers and loudspeakers . 28
11.3.1 Overview . 28
11.3.2 Interoperability requirements . 28
11.4 Polarity of the sound pressure . 29
12 Interoperability of headphones and amplifiers . 29
12.1 General . 29
12.2 Interoperability of headphones with stationary amplifiers . 29
12.3 Interoperability of portable audio headphones/earphones and portable audio
equipment . 30
12.3.1 General . 30
12.3.2 Portable audio headphones/earphones . 30
12.3.3 Portable audio equipment . 30
12.3.4 Recommended values and input/output values for portable audio
headphones/earphones and portable audio equipment . 30
13 Interoperability of amplifiers with other amplifiers. 31
13.1 Pre-amplifiers and power amplifiers for general purpose and sound
reinforcement . 31
13.2 Broadcast and similar line amplifiers. 32
Annex A (informative) Pairing and screening of conductors . 33
Annex B (informative) Phantom power variants for specialized applications . 34
Bibliography . 35
Figure 1 – Audio and video sources and destinations . 9
Figure 2 – Example of plug-in power system for a single microphone . 24
Figure 3 – Example of plug-in power system for a two-channel microphone . 25
Figure 4
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.