IEC SRD 63476-1:2024
(Main)Smart city system ontology - Part 1: Gap analysis
Smart city system ontology - Part 1: Gap analysis
IEC SRD 63476-1:2024 provides a gap analysis on ontology relevant standards for smart city systems to be used as a base document for mapping, developing and maintaining a set of ontology standards for smart city systems.
Ontology is becoming a key subject in the world of big data, AI, IoT, and smart city system standards. The following benefits of ontology are recognized as important with respect to interoperability, connectivity, traceability of digital content, particularly machine readability, executability and interpretability of digital content for decision making and actions.
- Increase interoperability across domains.
- Enable machine-readable code for computational reasoning and decision making.
- Create semantic linkages between data, information and knowledge systems.
- Build accessible APIs and semantic linkages between web-based data objects.
- Link data domains with shared concepts or canonical data models.
- Connect shared data concepts and definitions between domains.
However, ontology has a variety of definitions in different international standards. How to understand different meanings of ontology and select the right definition for the right stakeholders’ concerns for the right purposes is a big challenge for effective integration of business, data, information, knowledge and decision making, across disciplines, domains, systems, platforms and applications in smart cites. Moreover, how to deal with the grand challenges of interoperability of many and various ontologies to satisfy the demands from artificial intelligence and big data analytics are gaps to be filled in the area of smart city systems. How to develop digital content that is machine readable, executable and interpretable, working in the system without human effort for a smart city system are emerging needs to be studied. There are significant demands for better communication, coordination, cooperation, collaboration and connectivity of existing ontology standards to smart cities practical sectors. This document aims:
• to identify existing ontology standards from different Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) and to provide best practice examples and considerations of ontology standards development and maintenance for smart city systems;
• to identify gaps in existing ontology standards for smart city systems and the opportunities and challenges in ontology standards development taking into account multi-dimensional and muti-domain stakeholders’ concerns city wide, and to provide recommendations for ontology standards development and maintenance to enable integration, interoperability, efficiency and effectiveness of smart city systems.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC SRD 63476-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2024-07
SYSTEMS REFERENCE
DELIVERABLE
Smart city system ontology –
Part 1: Gap analysis
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
and withdrawn publications. content tailored to your needs.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
details all new publications released. Available online and once
containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
a month by email.
and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
(IEV) online.
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need
further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC SRD 63476-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2024-07
SYSTEMS REFERENCE
DELIVERABLE
Smart city system ontology –
Part 1: Gap analysis
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.020.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-8976-1
– 2 – IEC SRD 63476-1:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Foundations of concept system building for smart city systems . 11
4.1 Methods of ISO 704:2022 . 11
4.2 Core concepts and the characteristics of smart city by different SDOs . 11
4.3 System of systems view on smart city system in IEC SRD 63235:2021 . 14
4.4 Methodology framework for smart city system concept in
IEC SRD 63235:2021 . 15
4.5 Descriptive framework of city in ISO 37105:2019 . 16
5 Existing ontology definitions from different SDOs . 16
5.1 Existing ontology definitions from different sources . 16
5.2 Methodology for identification of concepts and concept relations . 16
5.3 Concept and concept relations about ontology . 18
6 Existing ontology standards deliverables and activities in different SDOs . 21
6.1 General . 21
6.2 Ontology-related standardization activities in ISO . 21
6.2.1 ISO/TC 46/SC 4 . 21
6.2.2 ISO/TC 184/SC 4 . 21
6.2.3 ISO/TC 211 . 22
6.2.4 ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 11 . 22
6.2.5 ISO/IEC 30182:2017, Smart city concept model (SCCM) for data
interoperability . 25
6.2.6 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 . 26
6.2.7 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 . 27
6.2.8 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 . 28
6.2.9 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41 . 29
6.2.10 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 . 29
6.3 Ontology-related standardization activities in IEC . 30
6.3.1 IEC SyC Smart Energy . 30
6.3.2 IEC TC 3/SC 3D . 31
6.3.3 IEC SyC Smart Cities . 31
6.4 Ontology-related standardization activities in ITU-T . 33
6.4.1 ITU-T Study Group 20 . 33
6.5 Ontology-related standardization activities in IEEE . 33
6.5.1 IEEE Robotics and Automation Society . 33
6.5.2 IEEE Consumer Technology Society . 34
6.6 Ontology-related standardization activities in W3C OGC . 34
6.7 Ontology-related standardization activities in ETSI SmartM2M . 37
6.8 Ontology related standardization activities elsewhere . 37
6.9 Types of ontology standardization issues and concerns . 38
6.10 Processes and activities of ontology building . 39
6.11 Framework for generating and constructing ontologies . 40
6.12 Stakeholders and concerns about ontology standards . 42
6.13 Ontology standard scenarios mapping with IEC SRD 63235:2021 . 42
7 Gap analysis and recommendations for future work . 45
7.1 Limitation of ontology definitions and concepts for smart city systems . 45
7.2 Lack of harmonization of ontology concepts for smart city systems . 46
7.3 Lack of integrated ontology framework for smart city systems . 46
7.4 Recommendations for future work . 48
7.4.1 Potential new work items . 48
7.4.2 Recommendations from the international virtual seminar on ontology . 48
7.4.3 Future collaboration . 50
Annex A (informative) A survey of shared understandings on smart city . 51
Annex B (informative) Existing definitions of ontology from SDOs and authoritative
sources . 56
Annex C (informative) A survey of understandings about ontology concepts for smart
cities and smart city systems . 59
Bibliography . 65
Figure 1 – An integrated concept system on smart city . 14
Figure 2 – Concept views of smart city systems . 15
Figure 3 – A methodology framework for building smart city system concept . 16
Figure 4 – Basic process for identification of concepts and their relations . 17
Figure 5 – A continuum thinking about ontology standards development . 20
Figure 6 – Framework to demonstrate certain indicators of ontology work . 23
Figure 7 – Framework of the ISO/IEC 5087 series formed by three levels of ontologies . 24
Figure 8 – Example concepts for the three levels of ontologies according to the
ISO/IEC 5087 series . 25
Figure 9 – Smart city levels of insight . 26
Figure 10 – Framework decomposition in packages and dependencies . 41
Figure 11 – Scope of MFI ontology registration . 41
Figure 12 – A harmonized ontology concept system for smart city systems . 45
Figure 13 – An ontology continuum model mapping with ontology concepts . 46
Figure 14 – Gaps in ontology standards for smart city systems . 47
Table 1 – Core concepts and the characteristics of smart city from different SDOs . 12
Table 2 – Three types of concept relation . 18
Table 3 – Types of ontology concept relation . 19
Table 4 – ISO/TC 46/SC 4 ontology deliverables. 21
Table 5 – ISO/TC 184/SC 4 ontology deliverables . 21
Table 6 – ISO/TC 211 ontology deliverables . 22
Table 7 – ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 11 ontology deliverables . 22
Table 8 – ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 ontology deliverables . 27
Table 9 – ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 ontology deliverables . 28
Table 10 – ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ontology deliverables . 28
Table 11 – ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41 ontology deliverables . 29
Table 12 – ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 ontology deliverables . 30
Table 13 – IEC SyC Smart Energy ontology deliverables . 30
Table 14 – IEC TC 3/SC 3D ontology deliverables . 31
– 4 – IEC SRD 63476-1:2024 © IEC 2024
Table 15 – IEC SyC Smart Cities SCRAM deliverables . 32
Table 16 – ITU-T Study Group 20 ontology deliverables . 33
Table 17 – IEEE Robotics and Automation Society ontology deliverables . 34
Table 18 – IEEE Consumer Technology Society ontology deliverables . 34
Table 19 – W3C OGC ontology deliverables . 35
Table 20 – ETSI SmartM2M ontology deliverables . 37
Table 21 – Ontology deliverables elsewhere . 37
Table 22 – Common processes and activities in ontology building . 39
Table 23 – Existing ontology standards mapping with IEC SRD 63235:2021 . 42
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SMART CITY SYSTEM ONTOLOGY –
Part 1: Gap analysis
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.