EN 60034-1:2010

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2010
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SIST EN 60034-1:2005
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Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance (IEC 60034-1:2010,
modified)
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 1: Bemessung und Betriebsverhalten (IEC 60034-
1:2010, modifiziert)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et
caractéristiques de fonctionnement (CEI 60034-1:2010, modifiée)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60034-1:2010
ICS:
29.160.01 Rotacijski stroji na splošno Rotating machinery in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60034-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2010
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.160 Supersedes EN 60034-1:2004

English version
Rotating electrical machines -
Part 1: Rating and performance
(IEC 60034-1:2010, modified)
Machines électriques tournantes - Drehende elektrische Maschinen -
Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées Teil 1: Bemessung und Betriebsverhalten
et caractéristiques de fonctionnement (IEC 60034-1:2010, modifiziert)
(CEI 60034-1:2010, modifiée)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60034-1:2010 E
Foreword
The text of the International Standard IEC 60034-1:2010, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating machinery,
together with the common modification prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 2, Rotating
machinery, was submitted to the CENELEC formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60034-1
on 2010-10-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60034-1:2004.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-10-01

– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-10-01
This draft European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and covers essential requirements of
EC Directive 2004/108/EC. See Annex ZZ.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 660034-1:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard with agreed common modifications as given below.

COMMON MODIFICATION
13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
13.2 Immunity
13.2.2 Machines incorporating electronic circuits
At the end of 13.3.2 add the following warning:
WARNING: Class A equipment is intended for use in an industrial environment. In the documentation for
the user, a statement shall be included drawing attention to the fact that there may be potential difficulties
in ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in other environments, due to conducted as well as radiated
disturbances.
– 3 – EN 60034-1:2010
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60027-1 - Letter symbols to be used in electrical EN 60027-1 -
technology -
Part 1: General
IEC 60027-4 - Letter symbols to be used in electrical EN 60027-4 -
technology -
Part 4: Rotating electrical machines

IEC 60034-2 Series Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-2 Series
Part 2: Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles)

IEC 60034-3 - Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-3 -
Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous
generators driven by steam turbines or
combustion gas turbines
IEC 60034-5 - Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-5 -
Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the
integral design of rotating electrical machines
(IP code) - Classification
IEC 60034-8 - Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-8 -
Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60034-12 - Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-12 -
Part 12: Starting performance of single-speed
three-phase cage induction motors

IEC 60034-15 - Rotating electrical machines -
EN 60034-15 -
Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of
form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c.
machines
IEC 60034-17 Rotating electrical machines - - -
Part 17: Cage induction motors when fed from
converters - Application guide

IEC 60034-18 Series Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-18 Series
Part 18: Functional evaluation of insulation
systems
IEC 60034-30 - Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-30 -
Part 30: Efficiency classes of single-speed,
three-phase, cage-induction motors (IE code)

IEC 60038 - IEC standard voltages - -

IEC 60050-411 1996 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 411: Rotating machinery

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60060-1 - High-voltage test techniques - HD 588.1 -
Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60072 Series Dimensions and output series for rotating - -
electrical machines
IEC 60085 - Electrical insulation - Thermal evaluation and EN 60085 -
designation
IEC 60204-1 - Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of EN 60204-1 -
machines -
Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60204-11 - Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of EN 60204-11 -
machines -
Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment for
voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c.
and not exceeding 36 kV
IEC 60335-1 - Household and similar electrical appliances - EN 60335-1 -
Safety -
Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60445 - Basic and safety principles for man-machine EN 60445 -
interface, marking and identification -
Identification of equipment terminals and
conductor terminations
IEC 60664-1 - Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664-1 -
low-voltage systems -
Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests

1)
IEC 60971 - Semiconductor convertors. Identification code - -
for convertor connections
IEC 61293 - Marking of electrical equipment with ratings EN 61293 -
related to electrical supply - Safety
requirements
CISPR 11 - Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - EN 55011 -
Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement

CISPR 14 Series Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements EN 55014 Series
for household appliances, electric tools and
similar apparatus
CISPR 16 Series Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016 Series
immunity measuring apparatus and methods

1)
IEC 60971 was withdrawn and not replaced in 2004.

– 5 – EN 60034-1:2010
Annex ZZ
(informative)
Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC Directives
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and within its scope the standard covers all
relevant essential requirements as given in Annex I of the EC Directive 2004/108/EC.
Compliance with this standard provides one means of conformity with the specified essential
requirements of the Directive concerned.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the products falling within
the scope of this standard.
Bibliography
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60034-6 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60034-6.
IEC 60034-7 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60034-7.
IEC 60034-9 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60034-9.
IEC 60034-11 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60034-11.
IEC 60034-14 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60034-14.
IEC 60034-29 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60034-29.
IEC 60079 series NOTE  Harmonized in EN 60079 series (partially modified).
IEC 60349 series NOTE  Harmonized in EN 60349 series (partially modified).

IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 12.0 2010-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1: Rating and performance

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et caractéristiques de fonctionnement

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.160 ISBN 2-8318-1074-1
– 2 – 60034-1 © IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 Duty .13
4.1 Declaration of duty .13
4.2 Duty types .13
5 Rating .26
5.1 Assignment of rating.26
5.2 Classes of rating .26
5.3 Selection of a class of rating .27
5.4 Allocation of outputs to class of rating .27
5.5 Rated output .28
5.6 Rated voltage.28
5.7 Co-ordination of voltages and outputs .28
5.8 Machines with more than one rating .29
6 Site operating conditions .29
6.1 General .29
6.2 Altitude.29
6.3 Maximum ambient air temperature.29
6.4 Minimum ambient air temperature .29
6.5 Water coolant temperature .29
6.6 Storage and transport.30
6.7 Purity of hydrogen coolant.30
7 Electrical operating conditions.30
7.1 Electrical supply .30
7.2 Form and symmetry of voltages and currents .30
7.3 Voltage and frequency variations during operation .33
7.4 Three-phase a.c. machines operating on unearthed systems.35
7.5 Voltage (peak and gradient) withstand levels.35
8 Thermal performance and tests .35
8.1 Thermal class.35
8.2 Reference coolant .35
8.3 Conditions for thermal tests.36
8.4 Temperature rise of a part of a machine .37
8.5 Methods of measurement of temperature.37
8.6 Determination of winding temperature .38
8.7 Duration of thermal tests .41
8.8 Determination of the thermal equivalent time constant for machines of duty
type S9.41
8.9 Measurement of bearing temperature .42
8.10 Limits of temperature and of temperature rise .42
9 Other performance and tests .50
9.1 Routine tests .50
9.2 Withstand voltage test .51

60034-1 © IEC:2010 – 3 –
9.3 Occasional excess current.53
9.4 Momentary excess torque for motors.54
9.5 Pull-up torque.55
9.6 Safe operating speed of cage induction motors .55
9.7 Overspeed .56
9.8 Short-circuit current for synchronous machines .57
9.9 Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines.57
9.10 Commutation test for commutator machines .58
9.11 Total harmonic distortion (THD) for synchronous machines .58
10 Rating plates .58
10.1 General .58
10.2 Marking .59
11 Miscellaneous requirements .60
11.1 Protective earthing of machines .60
11.2 Shaft-end key(s).62
12 Tolerances .62
12.1 General .62
12.2 Tolerances on values of quantities .62
13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) .64
13.1 General .64
13.2 Immunity .64
13.3 Emission .65
13.4 Immunity tests.65
13.5 Emission tests.65
14 Safety.65
Annex A (informative) Guidance for the application of duty type S10 and for
establishing the value of relative thermal life expectancy TL .67
Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits .68
Bibliography.69

Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1.14
Figure 2 – Short-time duty – Duty type S2.15
Figure 3 – Intermittent periodic duty – Duty type S3.16
Figure 4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting – Duty type S4 .17
Figure 5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S5 .18
Figure 6 – Continuous operation periodic duty – Duty type S6 .19
Figure 7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S7 .20
Figure 8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes – Duty
type S8 .22
Figure 9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations – Duty type S9 .23
Figure 10 – Duty with discrete constant loads – Duty type S10 .25
Figure 11 – Voltage and frequency limits for generators.34
Figure 12 – Voltage and frequency limits for motors.34

Table 1 – Preferred voltage ratings .29
Table 2 − Unbalanced operating conditions for synchronous machines .32

– 4 – 60034-1 © IEC:2010
Table 3 − Primary functions of machines.34
Table 4 – Reference coolant (see also Table 10) .36
Table 5 – Time interval .40
Table 6 – Measuring points.42
Table 7 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by air .44
Table 8 − Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by hydrogen .45
Table 9 – Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the operating site of indirect
cooled windings to take account of non-reference operating conditions and ratings .45
Table 10 – Assumed maximum ambient temperature .47
Table 11 – Adjusted limits of temperature rise at the test site (Δθ ) for windings
T
indirectly cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions .48
Table 12 – Limits of temperature of directly cooled windings and their coolants .49
Table 13 – Adjustments to limits of temperature at the operating site for windings
directly cooled by air or hydrogen to take account of non-reference operating
conditions and ratings.50
Table 14 – Adjusted limits of temperature at the test site θ for windings directly cooled
T
by air to take account of test site operating conditions .50
Table 15 – Minimum schedule of routine tests .51
Table 16 – Withstand voltage tests .52
−1
Table 17 – Maximum safe operating speed (min ) of three-phase single-speed cage
induction motors for voltages up to and including 1 000 V.56
Table 18 – Overspeeds.57
Table 19 – Cross-sectional areas of earthing conductors .62
Table 20 – Schedule of tolerances on values of quantities .63
Table B.1 – Electromagnetic emission limits for machines without brushes .68
Table B.2 – Electromagnetic emission limits for machines with brushes.68

60034-1 © IEC:2010 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 1: Rating and performance

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60034-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2:
Rotating machinery.
This twelfth edition cancels and replaces the eleventh edition published in 2004. It constitutes
a technical revision.
Major changes were not introduced in this edition. The corrections, clarifications and
improvements include:
– 6 – 60034-1 © IEC:2010
Clause or
Change
subclause
6.5 Clarification of water coolant temperature
8.10.2 Minor change to Table 12
10.2 Recognition of IE code, of open circuit voltage of synchronous machines
excited by permanent magnets and of maximum operation speed of machines

specifically designed for converter supply
Clarification of the term ‘tolerances’
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
2/1579/FDIS 2/1587/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60034 series, published under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
NOTE A table of cross-references of all IEC TC 2 publications can be found in the IEC TC 2 dashboard on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60034-1 © IEC:2010 – 7 –
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 1: Rating and performance

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered
1)
by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349 [10] .
Machines within the scope of this standard may also be subject to superseding, modifying or
additional requirements in other publications, for example, IEC 60079 [8] and IEC 60092 [9].
NOTE If particular clauses of this standard are modified to meet special applications, for example machines
subject to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027-1, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology − Part 1: General
IEC 60027-4, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology − Part 4: Rotating electrical
machines
IEC 60034-2 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines − Part 2: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
IEC 60034-3, Rotating electrical machines − Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous
generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines
IEC 60034-5, Rotating electrical machines − Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the
integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code) – Classification
IEC 60034-8, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60034-12, Rotating electrical machines − Part 12: Starting performance of single-speed
three-phase cage induction motors
IEC 60034-15, Rotating electrical machines − Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of
form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines
IEC 60034-17, Rotating electrical machines − Part 17: Cage induction motors when fed from
converters – Application guide
IEC 60034-18 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 18: Functional evaluation of
insulating systems
___________
1)
Figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

– 8 – 60034-1 © IEC:2010
IEC 60034-30, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30: Efficiency classes of single-speed,
three-phase, cage-induction motors (IE-code)
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60050-411:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) − Chapter 411: Rotating
machines
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60072 (all parts), Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60085, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60204-11, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 11:
Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not
exceeding 36 kV
IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification
– Identification of equipment terminals and conductor terminals
IEC 60664-1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
2)
IEC 60971, Semiconductor convertors. Identification code for convertor connections
IEC 61293, Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply – Safety
requirements
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radiofrequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 14 (all parts), Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
CISPR 16 (all parts), Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-411, some of which
are repeated here for convenience, and the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE 1 For definitions concerning cooling and coolants, other than those in 3.17 to 3.22, reference should be
made to IEC 60034-6 [1].
___________
2)
IEC 60971 was withdrawn (and not replaced) in 2004.

60034-1 © IEC:2010 – 9 –
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this standard, the term ‘agreement’ means ‘agreement between the manufacturer
and purchaser’.
3.1
rated value
a quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of
a machine
[IEV 411-51-23]
NOTE The rated voltage or voltage range is the rated voltage or voltage range between lines at the terminals.
3.2
rating
the set of rated values and operating conditions
[IEV 411-51-24]
3.3
rated output
the value of the output included in the rating
3.4
load
all the values of the electrical and mechanical quantities that signify the demand made on a
rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a mechanism at a given instant
[IEV 411-51-01]
3.5
no-load (operation)
the state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal operating
conditions)
[IEV 411-51-02, modified]
3.6
full load
the load which causes a machine to operate at its rating
[IEV 411-51-10]
3.7
full load value
a quantity value for a machine operating at full load
[IEV 411-51-11]
NOTE This concept applies to power, torque, current, speed, etc.
3.8
de-energized and rest
the complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive
[IEV 411-51-03]
3.9
duty
the statement of the load(s) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable,
starting, electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their
durations and sequence in time

– 10 – 60034-1 © IEC:2010
[IEV 411-51-06]
3.10
duty type
a continuous, short-time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining constant
for the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed vary
within the permissible operating range
[IEV 411-51-13]
3.11
cyclic duration factor
the ratio between the period of loading, including starting and electric braking, and the
duration of the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage
[IEV 411-51-09]
3.12
locked-rotor torque
the smallest measured torque the motor develops at its shaft and with the rotor locked, over
all its angular positions, at rated voltage and frequency
[IEV 411-48-06]
3.13
locked-rotor current
the greatest steady-state r.m.s. current taken from the line with the motor held at rest, over all
angular positions of its rotor, at rated voltage and frequency
[IEV 411-48-16]
3.14
pull-up torque (of an a.c. motor)
the smallest steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops between zero speed
and the speed which corresponds to the breakdown torque, when the motor is supplied at the
rated voltage and frequency
This definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors of which the torque continually
decreases with increase in speed.
NOTE In addition to the steady-state asynchronous torques, harmonic synchronous torques, which are a function
of rotor load angle, will be present at specific speeds.
At such speeds, the accelerating torque may be negative for some rotor load angles.
Experience and calculation show this to be an unstable operating condition and therefore harmonic synchronous
torques do not prevent motor acceleration and are excluded from this definition.
3.15
breakdown torque (of an a.c. motor)
the maximum steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops without an abrupt
drop in speed, when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency
This definition does not apply to motors with torques that continually decrease with increase
in speed.
3.16
pull-out torque (of a synchronous motor)
the maximum torque which the synchronous motor develops at synchronous speed with rated
voltage, frequency and field current

60034-1 © IEC:2010 – 11 –
3.17
cooling
a procedure by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given up
to a primary coolant, which may be continuously replaced or may itself be cooled by a
secondary coolant in a heat exchanger
[IEV 411-44-01]
3.18
coolant
a medium, liquid or gas, by means of which heat is transferred
[IEV 411-44-02]
3.19
primary coolant
a medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than a part of a machine and in
contact with it, removes heat from that part
[IEV 411-44-03]
3.20
secondary coolant
a medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than the primary coolant,
removes the heat given up by this primary coolant by means of a heat exchanger or through
the external surface of the machine
[IEV 411-44-04]
3.21
direct cooled winding
inner cooled winding
a winding mainly cooled by coolant flowing in direct contact with the cooled part through
hollow conductors, tubes, ducts or channels which, regardless of their orientation, form an
integral part of the winding inside the main insulation
[IEV 411-44-08]
NOTE In all cases when ‘indirect’ or ‘direct’ is not stated, an indirect cooled winding is implied.
3.22
indirect cooled winding
any winding other than a direct cooled winding
NOTE In all cases when ‘indirect’ or ‘direct’ is not stated, an indirect cooled winding is implied.
[IEV 411-44-09]
3.23
supplementary insulation
an independent insulation applied in addition to the main insulation in order to ensure
protection against electric shock in the event of failure of the main insulation
3.24
moment of inertia
the sum (integral) of the products of the mass elements of a body and the squares of their
distances (radii) from a given axis

– 12 – 60034-1 © IEC:2010
3.25
thermal equilibrium
the state reached when the temperature rises of the several parts of the machine do not vary
by more than a gradient of 2 K per hour
[IEV 411-51-08]
NOTE Thermal equilibrium may be determined from the time-temperature rise plot when the straight lines
between points at the beginning and end of two successive reasonable intervals each have a gradient of less than
2 K per hour.
3.26
thermal equivalent time constant
the time constant, replacing several individual time constants, which determines
approximately the temperature course in a winding after a step-wise current change
3.27
encapsulated winding
a winding which is completely enclosed or sealed by moulded insulation
[IEV 411-39-06]
3.28
rated form factor of direct current supplied to a d.c. motor armature from a static power
converter
the ratio of the r.m.s. maximum permissible value of the current I to its average value
rms,maxN
I (mean value integrated over one period) at rated conditions:
avN
I
rms, maxN
k =
fN
I
avN
3.29
current ripple factor
the ratio of the difference between the maximum value I and the minimum value I of an
max min
undulating current to two times the average value I (mean value integrated over one
av
period):
I − I
max min
q =
i
2 × I
av
NOTE For small values of current ripple, the ripple factor may be approximated by the following expression:
I – I
max min
q =
i
I + I
max min
The above expression may be used as an approximation if the resulting calculated value of q
i
is equal to or less than 0,4.
3.30
tolerance
the permitted deviation between the declared value of a quantity and the measured value
3.31
type test
a test of one or more machines made to a certain design to show that the design meets
certain specifications
[IEV 411-53-01]
60034-1 © IEC:2010 – 13 –
NOTE The type test may also be considered valid if it is made on a machine which has minor deviations of rating
or other characteristics. These deviations should be subject to agreement.
3.32
routine test
a test to which each individual machine is subjected during or after manufacture to ascertain
whether it complies with certain criteria
[IEV 411-53-02]
3.33
runaway speed
the maximum speed attained by the engine/generator set after removal of the full load of the
generator if the speed regulator does not function
[IEV 811-17-23]
NOTE For motors, the maximum overspeed at loss of supply is meant that a motor might reach driven by the
coupled equipment
4 Duty
4.1 Declaration of duty
It is the responsibility of the purchaser to declare the duty. The purchaser may describe the
duty by one of the following:
a) numerically, where the load does not vary or where it varies in a known manner;
b) as a time sequence graph of the variable quantities;
c) by selecting one of the duty types S1 to S10 that is no less onerous than the expected
duty.
The duty type shall be designated by the appropriate abbreviation, specified in 4.2, written
after the value of the load.
An expression for the cyclic duration factor is given in the relevant duty type figure.
The purchaser normally cannot provide values for the moment of inertia of the motor (J ) or
M
the relative thermal life expectancy (TL), see Annex A. These values are provided by the
manufacturer.
Where the purchaser does not declare a duty, the manufacturer shall assume that duty type
S1 (continuous running duty) applies.
4.2 Duty types
4.2.1 Duty type S1 – Continuous running duty
Operation at a constant load maintained for sufficient time to allow the machine to reach
thermal equilibrium, see Figure 1.
The appropriate abbreviation is S1.

– 14 – 60034-1 © IEC:2010
P
t
P
V
t
Θ
Θ
max
t
IEC  326/04
Key
P load
P electrical losses
V
temperature
Θ
maximum temperature attained
Θ
max
t time
Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1

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