EN 60034-1:2004

SLOVENSKI SIST EN 60034-1:2005

STANDARD
februar 2005
Rotacijski električni stroji – 1. del: Naznačene vrednosti in lastnosti (IEC
60034-1:2004)
Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance (IEC 60034-1:2004)
ICS 29.160.01 Referenčna številka
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60034-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2004
ICS 29.160 Supersedes EN 60034-1:1998 + A1:1998 + A2:1999 + A11:2002

English version
Rotating electrical machines
Part 1: Rating and performance
(IEC 60034-1:2004)
Machines électriques tournantes Drehende elektrische Maschinen
Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées Teil 1: Bemessung und Betriebsverhalten
et caractéristiques de fonctionnement (IEC 60034-1:2004)
(CEI 60034-1:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. EN 60034-1:2004 E
Foreword
The text of document 2/1278/FDIS, future edition 11 of IEC 60034-1, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating
machinery, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 60034-1 on 2004-06-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60034-1:1998 + corrigendum February 2000 + A1:1998 +
A2:1999 + A11:2002.
The major changes introduced in this edition are:
Clause or Change
Subclause
7.2.2 New requirements for a.c. generators to supply non-linear circuits
8 Major changes to Tables 4, 7 and 9
9.1 New requirements for routine tests
9.2 Table 16 Test voltages of auxiliaries
9.11 Total harmonic distortion for synchronous machines
11.1 Protective earthing for machines
12.1 Table 20 Tolerance on efficiency
13 Electromagnetic compatibility
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-03-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-06-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60034-1:2004 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
- 3 - EN 60034-1:2004
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 60027-1 - Letter symbols to be used in electrical HD 60027-1 2004
technology
Part 1: General
1) 2)
IEC 60027-4 - Part 4: Symbols for quantities to be used HD 245.4 S1 1987
for rotating electrical machines

1) 2)
IEC 60034-2 - Rotating electrical machines EN 60034-2 1996
Part 2: Methods for determining losses
and efficiency of rotating electrical
machinery from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles)

1) 2)
IEC 60034-3 - Part 3: Specific requirements for turbine- EN 60034-3 1995
type synchronous machines
1) 2)
IEC 60034-5 - Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by EN 60034-5 2001
the integral design of rotating electrical
machines (IP code) - Classification

1) 2)
IEC 60034-6 - Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC Code) EN 60034-6 1993

1) 2)
IEC 60034-8 - Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of EN 60034-8 2002
rotation
1) 2)
IEC 60034-12 - Part 12: Starting performance of single- EN 60034-12 2002
speed three-phase cage induction motors

1) 2)
IEC 60034-15 - Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels EN 60034-15 1996
of rotating a.c. machines with form-wound
stator coils
1)
IEC/TS 60034-17 - Part 17: Cage induction motors when fed CLC/TS 60034-17
from converters - Application guide

IEC 60034-18 Series Part 18: Functional evaluation of EN 60034-18 Series
insulation systems
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 3) 2)
IEC 60038 (mod) - IEC standard voltages HD 472 S1 1989

IEC 60050-411 1996 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV)
Chapter 411: Rotating machines

1) 2)
IEC 60060-1 - High-voltage test techniques HD 588.1 S1 1991
Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
1)
IEC 60072-3 - Dimensions and output series for rotating - -
electrical machines
Part 3: Small built-in motors - Flange
numbers BF10 to BF50
1) 2)
IEC 60204-1 - Safety of machinery - Electrical EN 60204-1 1997
equipment of machines + corr. September 1998
Part 1: General requirements
1) 2)
IEC 60204-11 - Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment EN 60204-11 2000
for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500
V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV

1)
IEC 60279 - Measurement of the winding resistance of - -
an a.c. machine during operation at
alternating voltage
1) 2)
IEC 60335-1 - Household and similar electrical EN 60335-1 2002
(mod) appliances - Safety + A11 2004
Part 1: General requirements
1) 2)
IEC 60445 - Basic and safety principles for man- EN 60445 2000
machine interface, marking and
identification - Identification of equipment
terminals and of terminations of certain
designated conductors, including general
rules for an alphanumeric system

1)
IEC 60971 - Semiconductor convertors. Identification - -
code for convertor connections

1) 2)
IEC 61293 - Marking of electrical equipment with EN 61293 1994
ratings related to electrical supply -
Safety requirements
1) 2)
IEC 61986 - Rotating electrical machines - Equivalent EN 61986 2002
loading and super-position techniques -
Indirect testing to determine temperature
rise
1) 2)
IEC 62114 - Electrical insulation systems (EIS) - EN 62114 2001
Thermal classification
3)
The title of HD 472 S1 is : Nominal voltages for low-voltage public electricity supply systems.

- 5 - EN 60034-1:2004
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1)
CISPR 11 - Industrial scientific and medical (ISM) - -
radio-frequency equipment -
Electromagnetic disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of
measurement
CISPR 14 Series Electromagnetic compatibility - EN 55014 Series
Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus

CISPR 16 Series Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016 Series
immunity measuring apparatus and
methods
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60034-1
Eleventh edition
2004-04
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1:
Rating and performance
 IEC 2004 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.9

1 Scope.13
2 Normative references.13
3 Terms and definitions .17
4 Duty.25
4.1 Declaration of duty.25
4.2 Duty types.27
5 Rating.51
5.1 Assignment of rating.51
5.2 Classes of rating.51
5.3 Selection of a class of rating .53
5.4 Allocation of outputs to class of rating .55
5.5 Rated output.55
5.6 Rated voltage.55
5.7 Co-ordination of voltages and outputs .55
5.8 Machines with more than one rating .57
6 Site operating conditions.57
6.1 General.57
6.2 Altitude.57
6.3 Maximum ambient air temperature.57
6.4 Minimum ambient air temperature .57
6.5 Water coolant temperature .59
6.6 Storage and transport.59
6.7 Purity of hydrogen coolant.59
7 Electrical operating conditions.59
7.1 Electrical supply.59
7.2 Form and symmetry of voltages and currents .59
7.3 Voltage and frequency variations during operation .65
7.4 Three-phase a.c. machines operating on unearthed systems.69
7.5 Voltage (peak and gradient) withstand levels.71
8 Thermal performance and tests .71
8.1 Thermal class.71
8.2 Reference coolant.71
8.3 Conditions for thermal tests.73
8.4 Temperature rise of a part of a machine .75
8.5 Methods of measurement of temperature.75
8.6 Determination of winding temperature .77
8.7 Duration of thermal tests .83
8.8 Determination of the thermal equivalent time constant for machines of duty
type S9.85
8.9 Measurement of bearing temperature .85
8.10 Limits of temperature and of temperature rise .85

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 5 –
9 Other performance and tests .103
9.1 Routine tests.103
9.2 Withstand voltage test.105
9.3 Occasional excess current.109
9.4 Momentary excess torque for motors.111
9.5 Pull-up torque.113
9.6 Safe operating speed of cage induction motors .113
9.7 Overspeed.115
9.8 Short-circuit current for synchronous machines .117
9.9 Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines.117
9.10 Commutation test for commutator machines .117
9.11 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for synchronous machines .117
10 Rating plates.119
10.1 General.119
10.2 Marking.119
11 Miscellaneous requirements.123
11.1 Protective earthing of machines .123
11.2 Shaft-end key(s).125
12 Tolerances.127
12.1 General.127
13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) .131
13.1 General.131
13.2 Immunity.131
13.3 Emission.131
13.4 Immunity tests.131
13.5 Emission tests.133
14 Safety.133

Annex A (informative) Guidance for the application of duty type S10 and for
establishing the value of relative thermal life expectancy TL .135
Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits .137

Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1.27
Figure 2 – Short-time duty – Duty type S2.29
Figure 3 – Intermittent periodic duty – Duty type S3.31
Figure 4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting – Duty type S4 .33
Figure 5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S5 .35
Figure 6 – Continuous operation periodic duty – Duty type S6 .37
Figure 7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S7 .39
Figure 8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes –
Duty type S8 .43
Figure 9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations – Duty type S9 .45
Figure 10 – Duty with discrete constant loads – Duty type S10 .49
Figure 11 – Voltage and frequency limits for generators.69
Figure 12 – Voltage and frequency limits for motors.69

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 7 –
Table 1 – Preferred voltage ratings .57
Table 2− Unbalanced operating conditions for synchronous machines .63
Table 3 − Primary functions of machines.67
Table 4 – Reference coolant (see also Table 10) .71
Table 5 – Time interval .81
Table 6 – Measuring points.85
Table 7 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by air .89
Table 8 − Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by hydrogen .91
Table 9 – Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the operating site of indirect
cooled windings to take account of non-reference operating conditions and ratings .91
Table 10 – Assumed maximum ambient temperature .95
Table 11 – Adjusted limits of temperature rise at the test site (Δθ ) for windings
T
indirectly cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions .97
Table 12 – Limits of temperature of directly cooled windings and their coolants .99
Table 13 – Adjustments to limits of temperature at the operating site for windings
directly cooled by air or hydrogen to take account of non-reference operating
conditions and ratings.101
Table 14 – Adjusted limits of temperature at the test site θ for windings directly cooled
T
by air to take account of test site operating conditions .101
Table 15 – Minimum schedule of routine tests .103
Table 16 – Withstand voltage tests .107
−1
Table 17 – Maximum safe operating speed (min ) of three-phase single-speed cage
induction motors for voltages up to and including 1 000 V.113
Table 18 – Overspeeds.115
Table 19 – Cross-sectional areas of earthing conductors .125
Table 20 – Schedule of tolerances on values of quantities .127
Table B.1 – Electromagnetic emission limits for machines without brushes .137
Table B.2 – Electromagnetic emission limits for machines with brushes.137

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 1: Rating and performance

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60034-1 has been prepared IEC technical committee 2: Rotating
machinery.
This eleventh edition cancels and replaces the tenth edition published in 1996, its
amendments 1 (1997) and 2 (1999). It constitutes a technical revision.

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 11 –
The major changes introduced in this edition are:
Clause or
Change
subclause
7.2.2 New requirements for a.c. generators to supply non-linear circuits
8 Major changes to Tables 4, 7 and 9
9.1 New requirements for routine tests
9.2 Table 16 Test voltage of auxiliaries
9.11 Total harmonic distortion for synchronous machines
11.1 Protective earthing of machines
12.1 Table 20 Tolerance on efficiency
13 Electromagnetic compatibility

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
2/1278/FDIS 2/1294/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2005. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60034-1  IEC:2004 – 13 –
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 1: Rating and performance

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered
by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349.
Machines within the scope of this standard may also be subject to superseding, modifying or
additional requirements in other publications, for example, IEC 60079, and IEC 60092.
NOTE If particular clauses of this standard are modified to meet special applications, for example machines
subject to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027-1, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology − Part 1: General
IEC 60027-4, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology − Part 4: Symbols for
quantities to be used for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60034-2, Rotating electrical machines − Part 2: Methods for determining losses and
efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
IEC 60034-3, Rotating electrical machines − Part 3: Specific requirements for turbine-type
synchronous machines
IEC 60034-5, Rotating electrical machines − Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the
integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code)- Classification
IEC 60034-6, Rotating electrical machines − Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC code)
IEC 60034-8, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60034-12, Rotating electrical machines − Part 12: Starting performance of single-speed
three-phase cage induction motors
IEC 60034-15, Rotating electrical machines − Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of
rotating a.c. machines with form-wound stator coils
IEC 60034-17, Rotating electrical machines − Part 17: Cage induction motors when fed from
converters – Application guide

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 15 –
IEC 60034-18 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Functional evaluation of insulating
systems
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60050(411):1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) − Chapter 411:
Rotating machines
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60072 (all parts), Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60204-11, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 11:
Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not
exceeding 36 kV
IEC 60279, Measurement of the winding resistance of an a.c. machine during operation at
alternating voltage
IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification
– Identification of equipment terminals and of terminations of certain designated conductors,
including general rules for an alphanumeric system
IEC 60971, Semiconductor convertors. Identification code for convertor connections
IEC 61293, Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply – Safety
requirements
IEC 61986, Rotating electrical machines – Equivalent loading and super-position techniques –
Indirect testing to determine temperature rise
IEC 62114, Electrical insulation systems – Thermal classification
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment –
Electromagnetic disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

CISPR 14, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances, electric
tools and similar apparatus
CISPR 16, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods
60034-1  IEC:2004 – 17 –
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the definitions in IEC 60050(411) and the following
definitions apply.
For definitions concerning cooling and coolants, other than those in 3.17 to 3.22, reference
should be made to IEC 60034-6.
For the purposes of this standard, the term ‘agreement’ means ‘agreement between the
manufacturer and purchaser’.
3.1
rated value
a quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of
a machine
[IEV 411-51-23]
NOTE The rated voltage or voltage range is the rated voltage or voltage range between lines at the terminals.
3.2
rating
the set of rated values and operating conditions
[IEV 411-51-24]
3.3
rated output
the value of the output included in the rating
3.4
load
all the values of the electrical and mechanical quantities that signify the demand made on a
rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a mechanism at a given instant
[IEV 411-51-01]
3.5
no-load (operation)
the state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal operating
conditions)
[IEV 411-51-02, modified]
3.6
full load
the load which causes a machine to operate at its rating
[IEV 411-51-10]
3.7
full load value
a quantity value for a machine operating at full load
[IEV 411-51-11]
NOTE This concept applies to power, torque, current, speed, etc.

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 19 –
3.8
de-energized and rest
the complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive
[IEV 411-51-03]
3.9
duty
the statement of the load(s) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable,
starting, electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their
durations and sequence in time
[IEV 411-51-06]
3.10
duty type
a continuous, short-time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining constant
for the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed vary
within the permissible operating range
[IEV 411-51-13]
3.11
cyclic duration factor
the ratio between the period of loading, including starting and electric braking, and the
duration of the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage
[IEV 411-51-09]
3.12
locked-rotor torque
the smallest measured torque the motor develops at its shaft and with the rotor locked, over
all its angular positions at rated voltage and frequency
[IEV 411-48-06]
3.13
locked rotor current
the greatest steady-state r.m.s. current taken from the line with the motor held at rest, over all
angular positions of its rotor, at rated voltage and frequency
[IEV 411-48-16]
3.14
pull-up torque (of an a.c. motor)
the smallest steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops between zero speed
and the speed which corresponds to the breakdown torque, when the motor is supplied at the
rated voltage and frequency
This definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors of which the torque continually
decreases with increase in speed.
NOTE In addition to the steady-state asynchronous torques, harmonic synchronous torques, which are a function
of rotor load angle, will be present at specific speeds.
At such speeds, the accelerating torque may be negative for some rotor load angles.
Experience and calculation show this to be an unstable operating condition and therefore harmonic synchronous
torques do not prevent motor acceleration and are excluded from this definition.

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 21 –
3.15
breakdown torque (of an a.c. motor)
the maximum steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops without an abrupt
drop in speed, when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency
This definition does not apply to motors with torques that continually decrease with increase
in speed.
3.16
pull-out torque (of a synchronous motor)
the maximum torque which the synchronous motor develops at synchronous speed with rated
voltage, frequency and field current
3.17
cooling
a procedure by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given up
to a primary coolant, which may be continuously replaced or may itself be cooled by a
secondary coolant in a heat exchanger
[IEV 411-44-01]
3.18
coolant
a medium, liquid or gas, by means of which heat is transferred
[IEV 411-44-02]
3.19
primary coolant
a medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than a part of a machine and in
contact with it, removes heat from that part
[IEV 411-44-03]
3.20
secondary coolant
a medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than the primary coolant,
removes the heat given up by this primary coolant by means of a heat exchanger or through
the external surface of the machine
[IEV 411-44-04]
3.21
direct cooled (inner cooled) winding
a winding mainly cooled by coolant flowing in direct contact with the cooled part through
hollow conductors, tubes, ducts or channels which, regardless of their orientation, form an
integral part of the winding inside the main insulation
[IEV 411-44-08]
3.22
indirect cooled winding
any winding other than a direct cooled winding
[IEV 411-44-09]
___________
1)
In all cases when ‘indirect’ or ‘direct’ is not stated, an indirect cooled winding is implied.

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 23 –
3.23
supplementary insulation
an independent insulation applied in addition to the main insulation in order to ensure
protection against electric shock in the event of failure of the main insulation
3.24
moment of inertia
the sum (integral) of the products of the mass elements of a body and the squares of their
distances (radii) from a given axis
3.25
thermal equilibrium
the state reached when the temperature rises of the several parts of the machine do not vary
by more than a gradient of 2 K per hour
[IEV 411-51-08]
NOTE Thermal equilibrium may be determined from the time-temperature rise plot when the straight lines
between points at the beginning and end of two successive reasonable intervals each have a gradient of less than
2 K per hour.
3.26
thermal equivalent time constant
the time constant, replacing several individual time constants, which determines
approximately the temperature course in a winding after a step-wise current change
3.27
encapsulated winding
a winding which is completely enclosed or sealed by moulded insulation
[IEV 411-39-06]
3.28
rated form factor of direct current supplied to a d.c. motor armature from a static power
converter
the ratio of the r.m.s. maximum permissible value of the current I to its average value
rms,maxN
I (mean value integrated over one period) at rated conditions:
avN
I
rms, maxN
k =
fN
I
avN
3.29
current ripple factor
the ratio of the difference between the maximum value I and the minimum value I of an
max min
undulating current to two times the average value I (mean value integrated over one
av
period):
I − I
max min
q =
i
2 × I
av
NOTE For small values of current ripple, the ripple factor may be approximated by the following expression:
I − I
max min
q =
i
I + I
max min
The above expression may be used as an approximation if the resulting calculated value of q
i
is equal to or less than 0,4.
60034-1  IEC:2004 – 25 –
3.30
tolerance
the permitted deviation between the declared value of a quantity and the measured value
3.31
type test
a test of one or more machines made to a certain design to show that the design meets
certain specifications
[IEV 411-53-01]
NOTE The type test may also be considered valid if it is made on a machine which has minor deviations of rating
or other characteristics. These deviations should be subject to agreement.
3.32
routine test
a test to which each individual machine is subjected during or after manufacture to ascertain
whether it complies with certain criteria
[IEV 411-53-02]
4 Duty
4.1 Declaration of duty
It is the responsibility of the purchaser to declare the duty. The purchaser may describe the
duty by one of the following:
a) numerically, where the load does not vary or where it varies in a known manner;
b) as a time sequence graph of the variable quantities;
c) by selecting one of the duty types S1 to S10 that is no less onerous than the expected
duty.
The duty type shall be designated by the appropriate abbreviation, specified in 4.2, written
after the value of the load.
An expression for the cyclic duration factor is given in the relevant duty type figure.
The purchaser normally cannot provide values for the moment of inertia of the motor (J ) or
M
the relative thermal life expectancy (TL), see Annex A. These values are provided by the
manufacturer.
Where the purchaser does not declare a duty, the manufacturer shall assume that duty type
S1 (continuous running duty) applies.

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 27 –
4.2 Duty types
4.2.1 Duty type S1 – Continuous running duty
Operation at a constant load maintained for sufficient time to allow the machine to reach
thermal equilibrium, see Figure 1.
The appropriate abbreviation is S1.

P
t
P
V
t
Θ
Θ
max
t
IEC  326/04
Key
P load
P electrical losses
V
temperature
Θ
maximum temperature attained
Θ
max
t time
Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 29 –
4.2.2 Duty type S2 – Short-time duty
Operation at constant load for a given time, less than that required to reach thermal
equilibrium, followed by a time de-energized and at rest of sufficient duration to re-establish
machine temperatures within 2 K of the coolant temperature, see Figure 2.
The appropriate abbreviation is S2, followed by an indication of the duration of the duty,
Example: S2 60 min.
P
t
P
V
t
Θ
Θ
max
Δt
P
t
IEC  327/04
Key
P load
P electrical losses
V
Θ temperature
maximum temperature attained
Θ
max
t time
operation time at constant load
Δt
P
Figure 2 – Short-time duty – Duty type S2

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 31 –
4.2.3 Duty type S3 – Intermittent periodic duty
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each including a time of operation at constant load and a
time de-energized and at rest, see Figure 3. In this duty, the cycle is such that the starting
current does not significantly affect the temperature rise.
The appropriate abbreviation is S3, followed by the cyclic duration factor.
Example: S3 25 %
P
T
C
Δt Δt
P R
t
P
V
t
Θ
Θ
max
t
IEC  328/04
Key
P load
P electrical losses
V
temperature
Θ
maximum temperature attained
Θ
max
t time
T time of one load cycle
C
operation time at constant load
Δt
P
time de-energized and at rest
Δt
R
Cyclic duration factor = Δt /T
P C
Figure 3 – Intermittent periodic duty – Duty type S3
___________
2)
Periodic duty implies that thermal equilibrium is not reached during the time on load.

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 33 –
4.2.4 Duty type S4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle including a significant starting time, a time of
operation at constant load and a time de-energized and at rest, see Figure 4.
The appropriate abbreviation is S4, followed by the cyclic duration factor, the moment of
inertia of the motor (J ) and the moment of inertia of the load (J ), both referred to the motor
M ext
shaft.
2 2
Example: S4 25 % J = 0,15 kg × m J = 0,7 kg × m
M ext
P
T
C
t
Δt Δt
P R
P
V
Δt
D
t
Θ
Θ
max
t
IEC  329/04
Key
P load t time
P electrical losses T time of one load cycle
V C
temperature starting/accelerating time
Θ Δt
D
maximum temperature attained operation time at constant load
Θ Δt
max P
time de-energized and at rest
Δt
R
Cyclic duration factor = (Δt + Δt )/T
D P C
Figure 4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting – Duty type S4
___________
Periodic duty implies that thermal equilibrium is not reached during the time on load.

60034-1  IEC:2004 – 35 –
4.2.5 Duty type S5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting of a starting time, a time of
operation at constant load, a time of electric braking and a time de-energized and at rest, see
Figure 5.
The appropriate abbreviation is S5, followed by the cyclic duration factor, the moment of inertia of
the motor (J ) and the moment of inertia of the load (J ), both referred to the motor shaft.
M ext
2 2
Example: S5 25 % J = 0,15 kg × m J = 0,7 kg × m
M ext
P
T
C
t
Δt
F
P
V
Δt
P Δt
R
Δt
D
t
Θ
Θ
max
t
IEC  330/04
Key
P T
load time of one load cycle
C
P electrical losses Δt starting/accelerating time
V D
Θ temperature Δt operation time at constant lo
...