EN 60077-1:2002

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2003
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Railway applications - Electric equipment for rolling stock -- Part 1: General service
conditions and general rules
Bahnanwendungen - Elektrische Betriebsmittel auf Bahnfahrzeugen -- Teil 1: Allgemeine
Betriebsbedingungen und allgemeine Regeln
Applications ferroviaires - Equipements électriques du matériel roulant -- Partie 1:
Conditions générales de service et règles générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60077-1:2002
ICS:
29.280 (OHNWULþQDYOHþQDRSUHPD Electric traction equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60077-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2002
ICS 29.280
English version
Railway applications -
Electric equipment for rolling stock
Part 1: General service conditions and general rules
(IEC 60077-1:1999, modified)
Applications ferroviaires -  Bahnanwendungen -
Equipements électriques Elektrische Betriebsmittel auf
du matériel roulant Bahnfahrzeuge
Partie 1: Conditions générales Teil 1: Allgemeine Betriebsbedingungen
de service et règles générales und allgemeine Regeln
(CEI 60077-1:1999, modifiée) (IEC 60077-1:1999, modifiziert)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2002-03-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2002 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. EN 60077-1:2002 E
Foreword
The text of the International Standard IEC 60077-1:1999, prepared by IEC TC 9, Electric
railway equipment, together with the common modifications prepared by SC 9XB,
Electromechanical material on board of rolling stock, of Technical Committee CENELEC TC 9X,
Electrical and electronic applications for railways, was submitted to the Unique Acceptance
Procedure and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60077-1 on 2002-03-01.

The following dates were fixed:

- latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2003-03-01

- latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2005-03-01

In this European Standard the common modifications to the International Standard are
indicated by a vertical line in the left margin of the text.

Subclauses, tables and figures which are additional to those in IEC 60077-1 are prefixed "Z".

Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.
Annexes designated "informative" are given for information only.
In this standard, annex ZA is normative and annex A is informative.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
- 3 - EN 60077-1:2002
Contents
Introduction.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references.7
3 Definitions .7
3.1 General.7
3.2 Circuits.8
3.3 Components.8
3.4 Test categories.8
3.5 Void.8
3.6 Characteristic quantities.9
4 Classification.9
5 Characteristics of the utilization category (see also annex A).10
5.1 Rated voltages.10
5.1.1 General.10
5.1.2 Rated operational voltage (U ).10
e
5.1.3 Rated insulation voltage (U ).10
Nm
5.1.4 Rated power frequency withstand voltage (U ) .11
5.1.5 Rated impulse voltage .11
5.2 Rated voltages for equipment.11
5.2.1 Supply from contact lines.11
5.2.2 Supply from a transformer .11
5.2.3 Supply from an independently driven generator/alternator or converter 11
5.2.4 Supply from a float charged battery.11
5.2.5 Supply from a battery.12
5.3 Rated currents for equipment .12
5.3.1 Rated operational current (I ).12
e
5.3.2 Rated short-time withstand current (I ).12
cw
5.4 Rated operational frequency.12
5.5 Rated air pressure .12
6 Product information.12
6.1 Nature of information .12
6.2 Marking.13
6.3 Instructions for storage, installation, operation and maintenance.13

7 Normal service conditions.13
7.1 Environmental conditions.13
7.2 Exposure to pollution .14
7.3 Exposure to overvoltages .14
8 Constructional and performance requirements.14
8.1 Constructional requirements.14
8.1.1 Electrical risks.14
8.1.2 Batteries.14
8.1.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).15
8.1.4 Fire protection.15
8.1.5 Other risks.15
8.2 Performance requirements.15
8.2.1 Operating conditions.15
8.2.2 Temperature rise.17
8.2.3 Operation following inactivity .19
8.2.4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).21
8.2.5 Acoustic noise emission.21
8.2.6 Dielectric properties.21
8.2.7 Switching overvoltages.22
8.2.8 Operational performance.22
8.2.9 Ability to withstand vibration and shock .22
9 Tests.22
9.1 Kinds of tests .22
9.1.1 General.22
9.1.2 Type tests.23
9.1.3 Routine test.23
9.1.4 Sampling tests.24
9.1.5 Investigatory type tests .24
9.1.6 General test conditions .24
9.2 Verification of constructional requirements.24
9.2.1 General.24
9.2.2 Type tests.24
9.2.3 Routine tests.25
9.3 Verification of performance requirements.25
9.3.1 Operating limits.25
9.3.2 Temperature rise (Type test) .26
9.3.3 Dielectric properties.28
9.3.4 Operational performance capability .31

- 5 - EN 60077-1:2002
9.3.5 Vibration and shock .33
9.3.6 Electromagnetic compatibility.33
9.3.7 Acoustic noise emission.33
9.3.8 Climatic influence.34

Annex A (informative) Coordination between definitions .35
Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications.37

Figures
Figure A.1.36
Figure A.2.36

Tables
Table 1  Temperature rise limits for insulating materials.19
Table 2  Temperature rise limits of terminals .20
Table 3  Temperature rise limits of accessible parts .21
Table 4  Dielectric tests on single pieces of equipment .30
Table 5  Dielectric tests for equipment connected to a.c. contact line .31

Introduction
Although this European Standard specifies the general service conditions and general rules
for electric equipment for rolling stock, further special details of certain types of traction
equipment may be given in other European standards. In particular, product standards give
further details. The product standards which are part of the EN 60077 series are:
IEC 60077: Railway applications – Electric equipment for rolling stock:
- Part 2: Electrotechnical components - General rules,
- Part 3: Electrotechnical components - Rules for d.c. circuit-breakers,
- Part 4: Electrotechnical components - Rules for a.c. circuit-breakers,
- Part 5: Electrotechnical components - Rules for HV fuses.

Although all circuits of power or control electronic equipments connected to battery or line
voltages and all circuits comprising switchgear or controlgear are covered by this standard,
internal circuits of these may be subject to special requirements covered by relevant product
standards.
For electric equipment for rolling stock which conforms to an appropriate European Standard,
including items of industrial equipment, this standard, plus the relevant railway equipment
product standard where appropriate, specifies only those additional requirements to ensure
satisfactory operation on rolling stock.

This document has used IEC 60077-1 as its base, and its form and structure has been
modified to take account of already existing European Standards covering related subjects.

- 7 - EN 60077-1:2002
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the general service conditions and requirements for all
electric equipment installed in power circuits, auxiliary circuits and control circuits etc. on
rolling stock.
NOTE 1  Certain of these rules may, after agreement between user and manufacturer, be used for electrical
equipment installed on other vehicles such as mine locomotives, trolley-buses etc.

The purpose of this standard is to harmonize as far as practicable all rules and requirements
of a general nature applicable to electric equipment for rolling stock. This is in order to obtain
uniformity of requirements and tests throughout the corresponding range of equipment to
avoid the need for testing to different standards.

This general standard is to be read in conjunction with the relevant equipment standard
hereafter referred to as “the relevant product standard“ or “product standard“.

NOTE 2  In the event of there being a difference in requirements between the basic standard and a product
standard produced by the Technical Committee TC 9X, the product standard requirements are to take
precedence.
For a general rule to apply to a specific product standard, it is to be explicitly referred to in
the latter, by quoting the relevant clauses of this standard e.g. see 7.7 of EN 60077-1.

A specific product standard may not require, and hence may omit, a general rule (as being
not applicable), or it may add to it (if deemed inadequate in the particular case), but it may
not deviate from it, unless there is a substantial technical justification.

All requirements relating to
- the construction,
- the performance and the associated tests which can be considered as general,
have therefore been gathered in this standard together with specific subjects of wide interest
and application, for example temperature rise, dielectric properties, etc.

2 Normative references
NOTE Normative references to international publications are listed in Annex ZA (normative).

3 Definitions (see also Annex A)

For the purpose of this European Standard, the following definitions apply.

3.1 General
3.1.1
rolling stock
a general term covering all vehicles with or without motors [IEV 811-02-01]

3.1.2
vehicle
a general term denoting any single item of rolling stock, eg a locomotive, a coach or a wagon
[IEV 811-02-02]
3.2 Circuits
3.2.1
power circuit
a circuit carrying the current of the machines and equipment, such as the converters and
traction motor, which transmit the traction output [IEV 811-25-03]

3.2.2
main circuit
all the conductive parts of an equipment carrying the current for the function to which this
equipment has been applied
3.2.3
auxiliary circuit
all the conductive parts of an equipment, which are intended to be included in a circuit other
than the main circuit and the control circuit, used during the closing operation or opening
operation, or both, of the equipment [IEV 441-15-04, mod.]

3.2.4
control circuit
all the conductive parts other than the main circuit of an equipment which are used for
actuating the functioning of the equipment [IEV 441-15-03, mod.]

3.3 Components
3.3.1
battery
an electrochemical system capable of storing in chemical form the electric energy received
and which can give it back by reconversion [IEV 811-20-01]

3.4 Test categories
3.4.1
type test
a test of one or more devices made to a certain design to show that the design meets certain
specifications [IEV 811-10-04]

3.4.2
routine test
a test to which each individual device is subjected during or after manufacture to ascertain
whether it complies with certain criteria [IEV 811-10-05]

3.4.3
sampling test
a test on a number of devices taken at random from a batch [IEV 811-10-06]

3.4.4
investigatory type test
a special test of an optional character carried out in order to obtain additional information
[IEV 811-10-07, mod.]
- 9 - EN 60077-1:2002
3.5 Void
3.6 Characteristic quantities
3.6.1
limiting value
in a specification, the greatest or smallest admissible value of one of the quantities
[IEV 151-04-02]
3.6.2
nominal value
a suitable approximate quantity value used to designate or identify a characteristic of a
component, device or equipment [IEV 811-11-01]

NOTE In this standard, the term nominal is only used as common practice to designate contact line and
battery voltage circuits.
3.6.3
rated value
a quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, to a component, device or
equipment and to which operation and performance characteristics are referred
[IEV 811-11-02]
3.6.4
void
3.6.Z1
switching overvoltage
the transient overvoltage at any point of the system due to a specific switching operation or
fault
3.6.5
equivalent continuous duty
the duty of electrical equipment on rolling stock is generally characterized by values of
current, voltage, compressed air pressure etc. which vary with time. The various parts of the
equipment are defined by a complete statement of the conditions to be fulfilled. However, it is
sometimes sufficient to specify an equivalent duty which corresponds from the point of view
of either electrical, mechanical or thermal stresses to the service considered, and is known
as being equivalent to the actual service. It is the equivalent continuous duty to which the
relevant tests are referred
3.6.6
equivalent continuous rated current
the current corresponding to the equivalent continuous duty

3.6.7
equivalent continuous rated voltage
the voltage corresponding to the equivalent continuous duty

4 Classification
This clause is intended to list the characteristics of an equipment on which information may
be given by the manufacturer and which may not necessarily have to be verified by testing.
This clause is not mandatory in product standards which should however leave space for it in
order to list, where necessary classification criteria.

5 Characteristics of the utilization category (see also Annex A)

The utilization category of equipment defines the intended application and shall be specified
in the relevant product standard; it is characterized by one or more of the following
parameters:
- current(s);
- voltage(s);
- frequency(ies);
- air pressure(s).
NOTE This list is not exhaustive and can include other parameters as applicable.

5.1 Rated voltages
5.1.1 General
The term rated voltage can generally be related to both the input and output values of
equipment. The quantity is assigned generally by the manufacturer.

5.1.2 Rated operational voltage (U )
e
The rated operational voltage of an equipment is a value of voltage which combined with a
rated operational current and rated operational frequency, determines the application of the
equipment and to which the relevant tests and the utilization categories are referred.

5.1.3 Rated insulation voltage (U )
Nm
An r.m.s. withstand voltage value assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment or a part of
it, characterising the specified permanent (over five minutes) withstand capability of its
insulation.
The rated insulation voltage is the value of voltage to which dielectric tests are referred.
Values are given in EN 50124-1 (Table A.1 and Annex D).

In no case shall the maximum value of the rated operational voltage exceed that of the rated
insulation voltage.
The rated insulation voltage is at least equal to the highest r.m.s. value of the voltage existing
between electrodes and across the creepage distance for an extended period of time, e.g. for
a contact line, greater than 5 min. Non repetitive transient voltages are neglected.

When the voltage is not purely of sinusoidal or of continuous form, the r.m.s. or mean value
alone cannot be considered to prescribe the rated insulation voltage of the components.

In the absence of any knowledge of the influence on dielectric strength of
- the ratio between the duration of periodic impulses and their occurrence,
- the number of impulses during each occurrence,
- the voltage rate of rise of the impulse (du/dt),
it is recommended that this voltage be considered as being equal to the real r.m.s. value, but
not less than 70 % of the peak value.

- 11 - EN 60077-1:2002
5.1.4 Rated power frequency withstand voltage (U )
The rated power frequency withstand voltage is the r.m.s. value of the 50 Hz sinusoidal
voltage which does not cause an insulation failure under specified conditions of test.

5.1.5 Rated impulse voltage
The rated impulse voltage is the highest peak value of an impulse voltage, of prescribed form
and polarity, the equipment is capable of withstanding without failure.

The rated impulse voltage of the equipment shall be equal to or higher than the values stated
for the transient overvoltages occurring in the circuit in which the equipment is fitted.

5.2 Rated voltages for equipment

5.2.1 Supply from contact lines

The rated operational voltage U for an equipment supplied from the contact line is the
e
greatest permanent value of the contact line voltage (U ) as defined in EN 50163.
max1
5.2.2 Supply from a transformer

The rated operational voltage U for equipment supplied from a winding of a transformer is
e
equal to the r.m.s. voltage at the terminals of the winding when the transformer primary is
supplied at the rated operational voltage. If a second transformer is interposed between the
above-mentioned transformer and the equipment, the rated operational voltage U is equal to
e
the above-mentioned rated operational voltage multiplied by the transformer ratio of the
second transformer.
5.2.3 Supply from an independently driven generator/alternator or converter

The rated operational voltage U for equipment supplied from an independently driven
e
generator/alternator or converter is the greatest limiting voltage of this supply.

5.2.4 Supply from a float charged battery

The nominal voltage U which is only used to designate a battery circuit and the equipment
n
so supplied shall be selected from amongst the following preferred values:
24 V 48 V 72 V 96 V 110 V
NOTE 1  These nominal voltage values are given only as standardizing values for the design of equipment. They
should not be considered as the off-load battery voltage which will be determined as functions of the type of
battery, the number of cells and the operating conditions.

NOTE 2  A battery of 26,5 V nominal voltage may be used to supply equipment of 24 V nominal voltage. In this
case, compliance with the requirements should be defined by agreement between manufacturer and user.

The rated operational voltage U for the equipment supplied from a float charged battery is
e
equal to 1,15 U .
n
NOTE 3  This value is considered as being the greatest limiting value of the charging device in normal operation.

5.2.5 Supply from a battery
The rated operational voltage U of equipment supplied only from a battery is equal to 1,1 U .
e n
This is the voltage at the terminals of the fully charged battery supplying the equipment with
the current at a rating agreed as appropriate to its type and operating conditions.

NOTE  The battery is used only on discharge i.e. never during charging.

5.3 Rated currents for equipment

5.3.1 Rated operational current (I )
e
The rated operational current of an equipment is stated by the manufacturer and takes into
account the rated operational voltage and rated operational frequency.

5.3.2 Rated short-time withstand current (I )
cw
The rated short-time withstand current of an equipment is the value of short-time withstand
current assigned to the equipment by the manufacturer that the equipment can carry without
damage, under the test conditions specified in the relevant product standard.

5.4 Rated operational frequency

The rated operational frequency of an equipment is stated by the manufacturer and takes
into account the rated operational voltage.

5.5 Rated air pressure
The rated pressure of the air supply to pneumatic or electro-pneumatic equipment is the
greatest limiting value of the range of the regulating device and to which the relevant tests
are referred.
6 Product information
6.1 Nature of information
The following information shall be given by the manufacturer for each item of equipment
when required by the relevant product standard:

a) identification:
- manufacturer's name or trademark;
- type designation or serial number;
- modification status;
- reference of the relevant product standard, if the manufacturer declares compliance with
it.
b) characteristics:
the following list is not exhaustive and should be applied as appropriate:
- rated operational voltage(s);
- rated insulation voltage;
- rated impulse voltage;
- rated operational current(s) at the rated operational voltage(s);
- rated operational frequency(ies);
- maximum current consumption;

- 13 - EN 60077-1:2002
- number of operations for mechanical and electrical durability with reference to the relevant
product standard;
- rated performance in overload and (or) fault conditions with reference to the relevant
product standard;
- IP code in the case of an enclosed equipment (according to EN 60529);
- degree of pollution acceptable for the equipment (according to 7.2);
- rated voltage(s), rated frequency (ies) and rated current(s) of the control circuit(s);
- rated air pressure and pressure variation limits (for equipment with pneumatic control);
- overall dimensions;
- minimum size of the enclosure and, if applicable, data concerning ventilation, to which the
rated characteristics apply;
- minimum distance between the equipment and its enclosure;
- minimum distance between the equipment and the metal parts connected to the vehicle
structure for equipments which are intended for use without an enclosure;
- weight.
Some of this information may be supplemented by the value of the ambient air temperature
at which the equipment was calibrated.

6.2 Marking
All relevant information, as detailed in 6.1, which is to be marked on the equipment, shall be
specified in the relevant product standard.

The following markings on the equipment are mandatory:
- manufacturer's name or trademark;
- type designation;
- serial number or date or code of manufacture.

These are preferably marked on the nameplate, if any, in order to permit the complete data
to be obtained from the manufacturer (traceability). The markings shall be indelible and
easily legible.
6.3 Instructions for storage, installation, operation and maintenance

The manufacturer shall specify in his documents or catalogues the instructions, if any, for
storage, installation, operation and maintenance of the equipment during operation and after
a fault.
If necessary, the instructions for the storage, transport, installation and operation of the
equipment shall indicate the measures that are of particular importance for the proper and
correct installation, commissioning and operation of the equipment.

These documents shall indicate the recommended extent and frequency of maintenance, if
any.
NOTE All equipment covered by this standard is not necessarily designed to be maintained.

7 Normal service conditions
7.1 Environmental conditions
Details of environmental conditions are given in EN 50125-1.

7.2 Exposure to pollution
According to its location the equipment is exposed to various levels of pollution.

Pollution shall only be taken into account in the design of electrical equipment and
components, and in particular for clearances and creepages (see EN 50124-1), when the
position and orientation are such that deposition of dust, dirt, water etc. is likely to occur in a
manner to reduce the clearance and creepage distances.

7.3 Exposure to overvoltages
The electrical equipment is exposed to overvoltages from the external supply network or
generated by the equipment itself, for example switching transients, lightning etc. Their levels
are different according to the part of the equipment considered.
Overvoltages need to be taken into account in the design of electrical equipment for
dimensioning of clearances (see EN 50124-1).

8 Constructional and performance requirements

8.1 Constructional requirements

8.1.1 Electrical risks
Necessary precautions shall be taken to ensure that the equipment does not constitute any
risk of electric shock. Details are given in EN 50153.

8.1.2 Batteries
During charge and discharge, the battery compartment may need to be vented in order to
ensure that the concentration of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of the water remains
below the 4 % threshold.
It is essential that impediments to air changes are minimized, and the air outlet should lead
into the open air. Air inlet and outlet openings shall be located at the best possible location,
i.e. in the opposite walls of the enclosure.

NOTE Batteries which are operated at a voltage below the gassing voltage may be designed without forced
ventilation, provided the air inlet and outlet openings are calculated following the equation
A = 0,028 × n × C
where A is the square section of the air inlet and outlet opening in cm
n is the number of cells
C is 5 hours capacity in Ah
If a battery is charged with a voltage above the gassing voltage, the square section of the inlet and outlet opening is
determined with the equation
A= 1,4× n× l
where A is the square section of the air inlet and outlet opening in cm
n is the number of cells
I is the end-of-charge-current rate in A

Connecting cables between the battery and its fuses shall be as short as possible.

- 15 - EN 60077-1:2002
8.1.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

Consideration shall be given, in the design and disposition of equipment, to ensure that the
electromagnetic fields produced are within the limits given in EN 50121-3-2.

8.1.4 Fire protection
Circuits and equipment constituting risks of ignition shall be effectively protected.

Materials shall produce only a small quantity of smoke of minimal opacity and toxicity.

Combustible materials shall be kept away from sources of heat. They shall be selected to
give good resistance to fire.
To prevent the propagation of fire, special provisions may be specified with regard to
installation (fire-break partitions, extinguishers, etc.).

Details of fire safety requirements for electrical equipment are given in EN 45545-5.

8.1.5 Other risks
Accessible parts which are likely, during normal service, to rise to a temperature in excess of
the limits stated in Table 3 shall be protected by a barrier forming an obstacle. The
temperature of the barrier shall not exceed the specified limit.

Access to parts continuously in motion (fans, rotating machines, etc) or to those parts whose
unexpected motion is likely to constitute a hazard shall be prevented by suitable barriers
giving at least IP20 protection according to EN 60529.

8.2 Performance requirements
8.2.1 Operating conditions
8.2.1.1 General
All limiting values of supply voltage, air pressure, air temperature, etc. that can influence
operation may occur simultaneously. All equipment shall operate satisfactorily in the worst
combination of these limiting values. The following requirements apply with the ambient air
temperatures defined in 8.2.2.2.

8.2.1.2 Contact line
Equipment which is supplied directly from a contact line shall operate satisfactorily at any
value of supply voltage as defined in EN 50163.

8.2.1.3 Transformer supply system

Equipment which is supplied from a transformer shall operate satisfactorily at any value of
supply voltage multiplied by the transformer ratio (or ratios).

8.2.1.4 Independently driven generator, alternator or converter

Equipment which is supplied either from an independently driven generator/alternator or
converter shall operate satisfactorily when energised over the range 0,85 U to 1,1 U .
e e
Equipment supplied from a converter shall operate satisfactorily at the relevant value of
voltage and frequency from the minimum to the maximum value that the converter is capable
of producing.
Voltage fluctuations lying between 0,7 U and 1,25 U and not exceeding 1 s shall not cause
e e
deviation of function. Voltage fluctuations lying between 0,6 U and 1,4 U and not exceeding
e e
0,1 s shall not cause damage ; equipment may not fully function during these fluctuations.

8.2.1.5 Float charged battery
Equipment which is supplied from a battery on and off float charge shall operate satisfactorily
when energized over the range of minimum voltage to maximum voltage.

The nominal voltage U of the equipment is as described in 5.2.4. The minimum and
n
maximum voltages shall relate to the nominal voltage as follows:
- minimum equipment voltage 0,7 U
n
- maximum equipment voltage 1,25 U
n
Voltage fluctuations (i.e. during start-up of auxiliary equipment or voltage oscillations of
battery chargers) lying between 0,6 U and 1,4 U and not exceeding 0,1 s shall not cause
n n
deviation of function.
Voltage fluctuations lying between 1,25 U and 1,4 U and not exceeding 1 s shall not cause
n n
damage; equipment may not fully function during these fluctuations.

In the case of thermal engines, see also 8.2.1.9.

8.2.1.6 Battery
Equipment which is supplied solely from a battery off charge shall operate satisfactorily when
energized over the range 0,7 U to 1,1 U .
n n
8.2.1.7 Traction battery
When the traction power supply voltage is provided by a battery having special arrangements
for the correction of voltage variation (e.g. different cell groupings on charge and on
discharge), a relaxation of the limits specified in 8.2.1.5 may be allowed by agreement
between the user and the manufacturer.

8.2.1.8 Ripple factor
The batteries on charge can receive a pulsating voltage, the d.c. ripple factor of which,
unless otherwise stated shall be not greater than 5 % calculated from the following equation:
U −U
max min
d.c. ripple factor = ×100
U +U
max min
where U and U are the maximum and minimum values, respectively, of the pulsating
max min
voltage.
- 17 - EN 60077-1:2002
8.2.1.9 Low battery voltage
Precautions shall be taken to avoid equipment damage due to the reduction and the return to
the normal range of the voltage caused by progressive and complete discharge of the battery
or by interruption of the supply. At the start-up of thermal engines no mal-operation of
equipment shall occur during the whole starting sequence.

8.2.1.10 Air pressure
Pneumatic and electropneumatic equipment shall operate satisfactorily at an air pressure
which may vary between the following limits specified by the manufacturer:
- the minimum limiting value which is capable of starting and maintaining the vehicle in
service (functioning) when the compressor is momentarily out of service (short supply
voltage interruptions);
- the maximum limiting value which is the rated air pressure as described in 5.5.

In principle, the ratio between the maximum and the minimum value of the air pressure shall
not exceed 1,8.
However, in case of failure of the regulating device, the equipment may be supplied at the
operating air pressure of the safety valve.

8.2.2 Temperature rise
8.2.2.1 General
The temperature-rise due to operation of the parts of an equipment, and measured during a
test carried out at the equivalent continuous rated current under the conditions specified in
9.3.2, shall not exceed the values stated in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

NOTE 1 The temperature-rise limits given in Tables 1, 2 and 3 apply to equipment tested in new and clean
conditions. Different values may be prescribed by product standards for different test conditions.

NOTE 2 Temperature rise in normal service may differ from the test values, depending on the installation
conditions and size of connected conductors.

NOTE 3 Additional temperature-rise tests in the actual service conditions (intermittent service at different values
of current with time) may be done subject to agreement between manufacturer and user to ensure that the
different overloads will not cause damage to the equipment. For such tests, the temperature-rise limits may be
different from those given in Tables 1, 2 and 3, and will be dependent on limit stresses for materials employed.

NOTE 4 Additional requirements may be necessary to take into account transient thermal stresses due to
- a momentary insufficient cooling when the equipment starts and stops,
- a reduced efficiency of cooling system , e.g. blocked filter.
These specific requirements should be adequately specified by the user as a service condition (see 8.2.3).

8.2.2.2 The ambient air temperature (T )
a
The determination of temperature-rise limits shall be based on the reference temperature
T = 25 °C as given in EN 50125-1.
r
The ambient air shall be considered as being that surrounding the device, and will differ
according to the location where the device is fitted.

For external locations the ambient air temperature T is the reference temperature T .
a r
For internal locations the ambient air temperature T is the reference temperature increased
a
by the air temperature rise due to the localised thermal losses after taking into consideration
the normal conditions of cooling.

For each of the various internal parts of car body, engine compartment, cubicle, box etc. the
air temperature-rise may be different. When this value is neither specified by a relevant
document nor known it shall be considered that it does not exceed 30 K during functioning.
The ambient air temperature considered is then T = 55 °C, (25 °C + 30 K), and thus the
a
maximum temperature expected may be 70 °C (40 °C + 30 K).

NOTE If the components used in these internal locations have been designed for T = 25 °C, their
a
performance needs to be derated.

8.2.2.3 Main circuit
The main circuit of an equipment shall be capable of carrying the rated operational current of
the equipment without the temperature rises exceeding the limits specified in Tables 1, 2 and
3 when tested in accordance with 9.3.2.

8.2.2.4 Control circuits
The control circuits of an equipment, including control circuit devices to be used for the
closing and opening operations of an equipment, shall permit the duty at the rated
operational voltage. The equipment shall satisfy the tests specified in 9.3.2 are to be made
without the temperature rise exceeding the limits specified in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

8.2.2.5 Auxiliary circuits
Auxiliary circuits of an equipment, including auxiliary switches, shall be capable of carrying
their rated operational current without the temperature rise exceeding the limits specified in
Tables 1, 2 and 3, when tested in accordance with 9.3.2.

NOTE If an auxiliary circuit forms an integral part of the equipment, it suffices to test it at the same time as the
main equipment, but at its actual operational current.

8.2.2.6 Insulating materials
The temperature rise obtained during the tests shall not cause damage to current-carrying
parts or adjacent parts of the equipment. In particular, the temperature of the insulating
materials shall not exceed the values given by the insulation temperature index (defined by
HD 566).
The maximum permissible temperature rise is equal to the insulating temperature class
decreased by the ambient air temperature determined according to 8.2.2.2. The limits are
specified in Table 1 which gives examples, for each insulating temperature
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