EN 61400-25-1:2007

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Wind turbines - Part 25-1: Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Overall description of principles and modelsEoliennes - Partie 25-1: Communications pour la surveillance et la commande des centrales éoliennes - Description générale des principes et modelesWindenergieanlagen - Teil 25-1: Kommunikation für die Überwachung und Steuerung von Windenergieanlagen - Einführende Beschreibung der Prinzipien und ModelleTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 61400-25-1:2007SIST EN 61400-25-1:2007en,de27.180Sistemi turbin na veter in drugi alternativni viri energijeWind turbine systems and other alternative sources of energyICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 61400-25-1:200701-november-2007

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-25-1 NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2007
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2007 CENELEC -
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61400-25-1:2007 E
ICS 27.180
English version
Wind turbines -
Part 25-1: Communications for monitoring
and control of wind power plants -
Overall description of principles and models (IEC 61400-25-1:2006)
Eoliennes -
Partie 25-1: Communications
pour la surveillance et la commande
des centrales éoliennes - Description générale
des principes et modèles (CEI 61400-25-1:2006)
Windenergieanlagen -
Teil 25-1: Kommunikation
für die Überwachung und Steuerung
von Windenergieanlagen -
Einführende Beschreibung
der Prinzipien und Modelle (IEC 61400-25-1:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Foreword The text of document 88/274/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61400-25-1, prepared by IEC TC 88, Wind turbines, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61400-25-1 on 2007-02-01. The following dates were fixed: – latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement
(dop)
2007-11-01 – latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn
(dow)
2010-02-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. __________ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-25-1:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. __________

- 3 - EN 61400-25-1:2007
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE
When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 61400-12-1 -1) Wind turbines -
Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines EN 61400-12-1 20062)
IEC 61400-25 Series Wind turbines -
Part 25: Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants EN 61400-25 Series
IEC 61850-7-1 2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -
Part 7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Principles and models EN 61850-7-1 2003
IEC 61850-7-2 2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -
Part 7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract communication service interface (ACSI) EN 61850-7-2 2003
IEC 61850-7-3 2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -
Part 7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Common data classes EN 61850-7-3 2003
IEC 61850-7-4 2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -
Part 7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Compatible logical node classes and data classes EN 61850-7-4 2003
IEC 61850-8-1 2004 Communication networks and systems in substations -
Part 8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) - Mappings to MMS (ISO 9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and
to ISO/IEC 8802-3 EN 61850-8-1 2004
1) Undated reference. 2) Valid edition at date of issue.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year ISO/IEC 7498-1 1994 Information technology - Open systems interconnection - Basic reference model: The basic model EN ISO/IEC 7498-11995

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC61400-25-1 First edition2006-12 Wind turbines – Part 25-1: Communications for monitoring
and control of wind power plants – Overall description of principles and models © IEC 2006
⎯
Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission,
3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, SwitzerlandTelephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch V For price, see current cataloguePRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission

– 2 – 61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 INTRODUCTION.5
1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.8 3 Terms and definitions.9 4 Abbreviated terms.13 5 Overall description of the IEC 61400-25 series.13 5.1 General.13 5.2 Top-down view on wind power plants.14 5.3 Generic requirements on communication.15 5.4 Communication model of the IEC 61400-25 series.17 6 Wind power plant information model.20 6.1 General.20 6.2 Information modelling methodology.20 7 Wind power plant information exchange model.24 7.1 General.24 7.2 Information exchange modelling methodology.24 8 Mapping to communication protocols.30 8.1 General.30 8.2 Architecture of the mappings.31 8.3 Mapping of the wind power plant information model.31
Figure 1 – Conceptual communication model of the IEC 61400-25 series.8 Figure 2 – Data processing by the server (conceptual).18 Figure 3 – Modelling approach (conceptual).19 Figure 4 – Structure of wind power plant information model.22 Figure 5 – Client and server role.24 Figure 6 – IEM Service models.25 Figure 7 – Conceptual information exchange model for a wind power plant.26 Figure 8 – IEM service model with examples.28 Figure 9 – Sequence diagram.29 Figure 10 – ACSI mapping to communication stacks/profiles.30 Figure 11 – Communication profiles.31
Table 1 – Operational functions.16 Table 2 – Management functions.17 Table 3 – Wind power plant information categories.21 Table 4 – General table structure of a logical node (LN).23 Table 5 – Data class attributes in a logical node.23 Table 6 – Service table.28

61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) – 3 – INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ____________
WIND TURBINES –
Part 25-1: Communications for monitoring
and control of wind power plants – Overall description of principles and models
FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61400-25-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 88: Wind turbines.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 88/274/FDIS 88/280/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. A list of all parts of the IEC 61400 series, under the general title Wind turbines can be found on the IEC website.

– 4 – 61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E)
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed, • withdrawn, • replaced by a revised edition, or • amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) – 5 – INTRODUCTION The IEC 61400-25 series addresses vendors (manufacturers, suppliers), operators, owners, planners, and designers of wind power plants as well as system integrators and utility companies operating in the wind energy market. The IEC 61400-25 series is intended to be accepted and to be used world-wide as the international standard for communications in the domain of wind power plants. The IEC 61400-25 series has been developed in order to provide a uniform communications basis for the monitoring and control of wind power plants. It defines wind power plant specific information, the mechanisms for information exchange and the mapping to communication protocols. In this regard, the IEC 61400-25 series defines details required to exchange the available information with wind power plant components in a manufacturer-independent environment. This is done by definitions made in this part of the IEC 61400-25 series or by reference to other standards. The wind power plant specific information describes the crucial and common process and configuration information. The information is hierarchically structured and covers for example common information found in the rotor, generator, converter, grid connection and the like. The information may be simple data (including timestamp and quality) and configuration values or more comprehensive attributes and descriptive information, for example engineering unit, scale, description, reference, statistical or historical information. All information of a wind power plant defined in the IEC 61400-25 series is name tagged. A concise meaning of each data is given. The standardised wind power plant information can be extended by means of a name space extension rule. All data, attributes and descriptive information can be exchanged by corresponding services. The implementation of the IEC 61400-25 series allows SCADA systems (supervisory control and data acquisition) to communicate with wind turbines from multiple vendors. The standardised self-description (contained either in a XML file or retrieved online from a device) can be used to configure SCADA applications. Standardisation of SCADA applications are excluded in the IEC 61400-25 series but standardised common wind turbine information provides means for re-use of applications and operator screens for wind turbines from different vendors. From a utility perspective unified definitions of common data minimise conversion and re-calculation of data values for evaluation and comparison of all their wind power plants. The IEC 61400-25 series can be applied to any wind power plant operation concept, i.e. both individual wind turbines, clusters and more integrated groups of wind turbines. The application area of the IEC 61400-25 series covers components required for the operation of wind power plants, i.e. not only the wind turbine generator, but also the meteorological system, the electrical system, and the wind power plant management system. The wind power plant specific information in the IEC 61400-25 series excludes information associated with feeders and substations. Substation communication is covered within the IEC 61850 series of standards. The intention of the IEC 61400-25 series is to enable components from different vendors to communicate with other components, at any location. Object-oriented data structures can make the engineering and handling of large amounts of information provided by wind power plants less time-consuming and more efficient. The IEC 61400-25 series supports scalability, connectivity, and interoperability. The IEC 61400-25 series is a basis for simplifying the contracting of the roles the wind turbine and SCADA systems have to play. The crucial part of the wind power plant information, the information exchange methods, and the communication stacks are standardised. They build a basis to which procurement specifications and contracts could easily refer. The IEC 61400-25 series is organised in several parts. IEC 61400-25-1 offers an introductory orientation, crucial requirements, and a modelling guide.

– 6 – 61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) NOTE 1 Performance of the IEC 61400-25 series implementations are application specific. The IEC 61400-25 series does not guarantee a certain level of performance. This is beyond the scope of the IEC 61400-25 series. However, there is no underlying limitation in the communications technology to prevent high speed application (millisecond level responses). NOTE 2 IEC 61400-25-4 is, at the time of the publication of IEC 61400-25-1 (this part), still to be published. With IEC 61400-25-4 the mapping of the information and information exchange models to a specific communication profile will be described/defined in detail. IEC 61400-25-4 may consist of more than one normative mapping but at least one of the optional mappings has to be selected in order to be in conformance with the IEC 61400-25 series. IEC 61400-25-4 is expected to include the following mappings: Webservices IEC 61850-8-1 MMS OPC XML DA IEC 60870-5-104 DNP3 Each of the different mappings specifies individually which and how information models (IEC 61400-25-2) and information exchange models (IEC 61400-25-3) will be supported. The mapping will only reflect the information model and the information exchange services given in IEC 61400-25-2 and IEC 61400-25-3. The individual selected mapping will as a minimum support the mandatory data and data attributes, and the associated services. A specific mapping may, for implementation reasons or due to underlying properties of the communication protocol used, need to extend and clarify individual information or individual services in IEC 61400-25-2 and
IEC 61400-25-3. IEC 61400-25-4 will in this sense have the highest priority of the ranking order in regards of implementation.

61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) – 7 –
WIND TURBINES –
Part 25-1: Communications for monitoring
and control of wind power plants – Overall description of principles and models
1 Scope The focus of the IEC 61400-25 series is on the communications between wind power plant components such as wind turbines and actors such as SCADA Systems. Internal communication within wind power plant components is beyond the scope of the IEC 61400-25 series. The IEC 61400-25 series is designed for a communication environment supported by a client-server model. Three areas are defined, that are modelled separately to ensure the scalability of implementations:
1) wind power plant information models,
2) information exchange model, and
3) mapping of these two models to a standard communication profile.
The wind power plant information model and the information exchange model, viewed together, constitute an interface between client and server. In this conjunction, the wind power plant information model serves as an interpretation frame for accessible wind power plant data. The wind power plant information model is used by the server to offer the client a uniform, component-oriented view of the wind power plant data. The information exchange model reflects the whole active functionality of the server. The IEC 61400-25 series enables connectivity between a heterogeneous combination of client and servers from different manufacturers and suppliers. As depicted in Figure 1, the IEC 61400-25 series defines a server with the following aspects: – information provided by a wind power plant component, for example, ‘wind turbine rotor speed’ or ‘total power production of a certain time interval’ is modelled and made available for access. The information modelled in the IEC 61400-25 series is defined in IEC 61400-25-2. – services to exchange values of the modelled information defined in IEC 61400-25-3. – mapping to a communication profile, providing a protocol stack to carry the exchanged values from the modelled information (IEC 61400-25-4). The IEC 61400-25 series only defines how to model the information, information exchange and mapping to specific communication protocols. The IEC 61400-25 series excludes a definition of how and where to implement the communication interface, the application program interface and implementation recommendations. However, the objective of the IEC 61400-25 series is that the information associated with a single wind power plant component (such as a wind turbine) is accessible through a corresponding logical device. IEC 61400-25-1 gives an overall description of the principles and models used in the
IEC 61400-25 series of standards. NOTE The IEC 61400-25 series focuses on the common, non-vendor-specific information. Those information items that tend to vary greatly between vendor-specific implementations can for example be specified in bilateral agreements, in user groups, or in amendments to the IEC 61400-25 series.

– 8 – 61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) Communication model of the IEC 61400-25 seriesClientServerInformation exchangemodel (get, set, report, log, control, publish / subscribe, etc.)defined in IEC 61400-25-3Information exchangemodel (get, set, report, log, control, publish / subscribe, etc.)defined in IEC 61400-25-3Wind power plant information model (rotor speed, break status, total power production, etc.)defined in IEC 61400-25-2Wind power plant information model (rotor speed, break status, total power production, etc.)defined in IEC 61400-25-2Wind power plant componente.g. wind turbineApplicationApplicationActore.g.SCADAMessaging through mapping to communication profile (Read, write, . message)defined inIEC 61400-25-4Messaging through mapping to communication profile (Read, write, . message)defined inIEC 61400-25-4Information exchangemodel (get, set, report, log, control, publish / subscribe, etc.)defined in IEC 61400-25-3Information exchangemodel (get, set, report, log, control, publish / subscribe, etc.)defined in IEC 61400-25-3Wind power plant information modeldefined in IEC 61400-25-2Wind power plant information modeldefined in IEC 61400-25-2Outside scopeOutside scope Figure 1 – Conceptual communication model of the IEC 61400-25 series 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 61400-12-1, Wind turbines – Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines IEC 61400-25 (all parts), Wind turbines – Part 25: Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants IEC 61850-7-1:2003, Communication networks and systems in substations – Part 7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment – Principles and models IEC 61850-7-2:2003, Communication networks and systems in substations – Part 7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment – Abstract communication service interface (ACSI) IEC 61850-7-3:2003, Communication networks and systems in substations – Part 7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment – Common data classes IEC 61850-7-4:2003, Communication networks and systems in substations – Part 7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment – Compatible logical node classes and data classes
IEC 61850-8-1:2004, Communication networks and systems in substations – Part 8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO 9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3 ISO 7498-1:1994, Information technology – Open Systems Interconnection – Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model IEC
2143/06
61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) – 9 – 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1
actor role a system plays in the context of monitoring and control, while it is not directly involved in wind power plant operation, such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) NOTE There are many other designations for example Central Management System, Monitoring and Control System, Remote Control System 3.2
alarm wind power plant state information. Statement of safety intervention by the wind turbine control system (i.e. on/off) 3.3
characteristic values properties of analogue information (min, max, avg, dev, etc.) 3.4
command controllable data for system behaviour (enable/disable, active/deactivate, etc.) 3.5
communication function used by an actor to configure, perform and monitor the information exchange with wind power plants, for example operational and management function 3.6
control operational function used for changing and modifying, intervening, switching, controlling, parameterisation and optimising of wind power plants 3.7
counting value total number of occurrences of a specific event 3.8
data retrieval operational function used for collecting of wind power plant data 3.9
diagnostics management function used to set up and provide for self-monitoring of the communication system 3.10
electrical system component of a wind power plant responsible for collecting and transmitting the energy produced in wind turbines 3.11
event state transition (status, alarm, command)

– 10 – 61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) 3.12
Intelligent Electronic Device
IED any device incorporating one or more processors, with the capability to receive data from an external sender or to send data to an external receiver
NOTE For example wind turbine controller. An IED may have connections as a client, or as a server, or both, with other IED.
3.13
information content of communication. The basic element is raw data from the wind power plant component, which shall be processed into specified information according to the IEC 61400-25 series. Wind power plant information categories: source information (analogue and state information), derived information (statistical and historical information). Information is defined as data (usually processed and derived data, and information describing other data) 3.14
information exchange communication process between two systems, such as wind power component and actor, with the goal to provide and to get relevant information. Requires specific communication functions, consisting of one or more services 3.15
information model knowledge concerning functions and devices in which the functions are implemented NOTE This knowledge is made visible and accessible through the means of the IEC 61400-25 series. The model describes in an abstract way a communication oriented representation of a real function or device. 3.16
log wind power plant historical information. Chronological list of source information for a period of time 3.17
logging operational function. The praxis of recording sequential data often chronologically. The result of the logging is a log 3.18
logical device entity that represent a set of typical wind power plant functions 3.19
management function required for the administration of the information exchange in a certain level. Management functions are user/access management, time synchronisation, diagnostics, and configuration 3.20
mandatory defined content shall be provided in compliance to the IEC 61400-25 series 3.21
measured data sampled value of a process quantity with associated data attributes such as time stamp and quality

61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) – 11 – 3.22
meteorological system component of a wind power plant responsible for the monitoring of the ambient conditions, for example the wind speed, wind direction, pressure, temperature etc. It supplies data for various purposes for example to correlate the meteorological data to the electrical energy output by individual wind turbines to the potentially usable wind energy 3.23
monitoring operational function used for local or remote observation of a system or a process for any changes which may occur over time. The term can also be used for observation of the behaviour of a data value or a group of data values 3.24
operational function function to obtain information and to send instructions for the normal daily operation of wind power plants. Types: monitoring, logging, reporting, data retrieval, control 3.25
optional defined content can be optionally provided in compliance with the IEC 61400-25 series 3.26
parameter controllable information intended for obtaining or correcting a system behaviour 3.27
processed data measured value, with the associated data attributes such as time stamp and quality, which has been processed according the calculation method attribute 3.28
profile(s) format(s) used by a particular protocol to transmit data objects or commands, etc. 3.29
protocol stack particular software implementation of a computer networking protocol suite. The terms are often used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, the suite is the definition of the protocols and the stack is the software implementation of them 3.30
report actual information send by the function reporting. A report can contain all kinds of information defined in IEC 61400-25-2 3.31
reporting operational function to transfer data from a server to a client, initiated by a server application process 3.32
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA system based on a processor unit which receives information from IEDs, determines the control requirements and sends commands to IEDs. A computer system that for example dispatchers use to monitor the power distribution throughout a service or control area

– 12 – 61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) 3.33
status state condition of a component or system (st1/st2/.stn) 3.34
statistical information result of applying a statistical algorithm to a set of data in order to get minimum, maximum, mean standard deviation, etc.
3.35
timing data time duration of a specific state 3.36
time synchronisation synchronization is the coordination of occurrences to operate in unison with respect to time. This process can be a premeditated arrangement set forth on a parallel time scape, or it can be an observable coincidence in eventuality 3.37
three phase data measured value in a three phase electrical circuit with associated data attributes such as time stamp, quality and calculation method 3.38
transient log event triggered chronological list of high resolution information for a short period of time (event driven report) 3.39
user/access management management function used for setting up, modifying, deleting users (administratively), assigning access rights (administratively) and monitoring access NOTE A management function does not necessarily include communication services. 3.40
wind power plant complete system consisting of any number of technical subsystems referred to in the IEC 61400-25 series as wind power plant components, for example one or more wind turbines
NOTE The main objective of a wind power plant is to generate electrical energy from the wind. 3.41
wind power plant analogue information continuous information concerning the actual condition or behaviour of a component or system NOTE Types are, for example, measured value, processed value, three phase value, setpoint, parameter. 3.42
wind power plant component technical system employed in the operation of wind power plants, such as wind turbine, meteorological, electrical and wind power plant management system 3.43
wind power plant management system component of a wind power plant, which is responsible to ensure that the complete system adapts itself to the static and dynamic conditions and requirements of the electrical power connection (i.e., interoperation of the WTs with substation and other power network related devices)

61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) – 13 – NOTE A wind power plant management system may include other functions (e.g. Shadow control functionality, noise or sound reduction, ice warning, Lightning protection) not modelled in the IEC 61400-25 series. 3.44
wind turbine main component of a wind power plant. It is responsible for generating energy and meets the task of using the wind potential of a certain location that converts kinetic wind energy into electric energy 4 Abbreviated terms ACSI Abstract Communication Service Interface (defined e.g. in IEC 61850-7-2) CDC Common Data Class DC Data Class DNP3 Distributed Network Protocol version 3 IED Intelligent Electronic Device IEM Information Exchange Model LCB Log Control Block LD Logical Device LN Logical Node O&M Operation and maintenance OSI Open Systems Interconnection RCB Report Control Block SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCSM Specific Communication Service Mapping (defined e.g. in IEC 61850-8-1) WPP Wind Power Plant WT Wind Turbine XML Extensible Mark-up Language
5 Overall description of the IEC 61400-25 series 5.1 General The main objective of the IEC 61400-25 series is to create a standard basis for manufacturer-independent communications for monitoring and control. Manufacturers and suppliers of wind power plant components shall implement the IEC 61400-25 series in their devices and systems. Clause 5 provides a general overview of the context, models, modelling approach, and application possibilities of the IEC 61400-25 series. Subclause 5.2 provides a top-down view on wind power plants and shows the areas where the IEC 61400-25 series can be applied. It explains what is to be understood under the term ‘wind power plant’, which operation concepts are distinguished and which components are used to run wind power plants. Subclause 5.3 describes the demands made with reference to the communication taking place within the framework of the monitoring and control of wind power plants. It explains which general communication capabilities wind power plants shall possess and which contents and functions are required for communication.

– 14 – 61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) Subclause 5.4 provides an overview of the communication model defined by the IEC 61400-25 series. The server-client communication environment that served as the basis when developing the IEC 61400-25 series is introduced briefly. Next, three server-client application topologies are introduced, illustrating the communication architectures that are possible by way of an example. Finally, the three areas defined by the IEC 61400-25 series to be implemented as the standard for the monitoring and control of wind power plants will be introduced on a generally understandable level. 5.2 Top-down view on wind power plants 5.2.1 Definition of wind power plants Wind power plants constitute complete systems consisting of any number of technical subsystems with clearly separated tasks. The subsystems are referred to in the further discourse as wind power plant components and will be described in 5.2.2.
5.2.2 Wind power plant components Wind power plant components are technical systems employed in the operation of wind power plants. They consist of various sub-components, which will not be differentiated in the following. All wind power plant components fall within the application area of the IEC 61400-25 series. The information modelled in the IEC 61400-25 series covers the following corresponding components: Wind turbine − rotor, − transmission, − generator,
− converter, − nacelle, − yaw system, − tower, − alarm system. Meteorological system − meteorological conditions of the wind power plant. Wind power plant management system − wind power plant control. Electrical system − wind power plant grid connection. The wind turbine (with its many sub-components) is the main component of a wind power plant. The wind turbine is responsible for generating energy and meets the task of using the wind potential of a certain location to convert wind into electrical energy.
Vendors of wind turbines usually guarantee their customers a certain power curve and technical availability in terms of energy production. To enable both the operators and owners to verify the guaranteed performance of the wind turbines used, well-founded data providing information on the wind conditions at the particular location shall be available.

61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) – 15 – According to the standard IEC 61400-12-1, a separate wind power plant component, the reference met mast, referred to in the further discourse as a meteorological system, should be used for the measuring of the wind conditions, for example the wind speed, at a particular location. The meteorological system supplies the data that may be required to correlate the produced power output of individual wind turbines to the useable wind potential. On this basis, it is possible to draw well-founded conclusions as to the real performance of a certain wind turbine. In addition to several wind turbines, integrated operation requires further components; the energy produced in decentralised feeder and/or substations shall be collected and transported to the final user via suitable power networks. This task is covered by the electrical system. NOTE All electrical system issues concerning substations are targeted in the scope of the IEC 61850 series. Another component, the wind power plant management system, ensures that the complete system adapts itself to the static and dynamic conditions and requirements of the electrical power connection (substation, utility network). 5.3 Generic requirements on communication 5.3.1 Communication capability Wind power plants are monitored and controlled by various external actors, such as local or remote SCADA systems, local real time build-in control systems, energy dispatch centres etc. The objective of the monitoring of wind power plants is to provide the actors with information on the complete system and the installed components. This information is deemed to be an important knowledge basis for the control of wind power plants. For example, a SCADA system which wants to stop the operation of a certain wind turbine in an integrated operation, shall know how this component can be identified within the complete system and in which status it is currently operating. The SCADA system shall, however, also know to which device within the integrated operation it shall send which commands to make sure that the relevant component is controlled as intended. To be able to check whether or not the command has been executed, the SCADA system additionally requires a feedback from the wind power plant.
Thus, wind power plants and external actors shall meet an essential prerequisite to be able to exchange information within the framework of monitoring and control: They shall be able to communicate with the outside world.
Typically, any wind power plant component, which needs to exchange information with other components and actors, is therefore equipped with a so-called intelligent electronic device (IED), which can send data to external receivers and receive data from external senders. A wind turbine usually possesses a wind turbine controller, which is primarily responsible for the internal monitoring and control of the wind power plant component, but also allows external monitoring and control. 5.3.2 Communication content Information is the content of the communication that takes place within the framework of monitoring and control. The basic elements are raw data from the wind power plant component, which shall be processed into specified information according to the IEC 61400-25 series. There are five types of information that can be differentiated and are important for the monitoring and control of wind power plants: – process information, – statistical information, – historical information,
– control information,
– 16 – 61400-25-1 © IEC:2006(E) – descriptive information. Process, statistical and historical information provide the contents required for the monitoring and control of wind power plants; this information shall be communicated by the wind power plants. Process information provides information on the behaviour of certain complete systems and their components, on their current states. Statistical information is often useful to evaluate the operation of a wind power plant. By using historical Information, it might be possible to track the operational trends in logs and reports.
Control information is intended to transmit the contents required for the control of wind power plants, such as access profiles, set points, parameters and commands; this information shall first be communicated to wind power plants by certain actors. Wind power plants shall store control information and provide this for further communication to sub-processes.
Descriptive information is the type and the accuracy of the information, as well as the time and the data description.
5.3.3 Communication functions The actors communication for monitoring and controlling the wind power plants require special functions to configure, perform and monitor the information exchange with wind power plants. These functions can be divided into the following two main categories: – operational functions, – management functions.
Operational functions (manual or automatic) are used by the actors to obtain information on wind power plants and to send control instructions to wind power plants. The operational functions include: – monitoring, – control, – data retrieval, – logging, – reporting. Table 1 provides an overview of the ranges of application of the operational functions. Table 1 – Operational functions Operational functions Range of application (practical use) Monitoring Operational function used for local or remote observation of a system or a process for any changes which may occur over time. The term can also be used for observation of the behaviour of a data value or a group of data values. Control Changing and modifying, interveni
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