EN 60099-4:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60099-4:1998
SIST EN 60099-4:1998/A1:2002
SIST EN 60099-4:1998/A2:2003
3UHQDSHWRVWQLRGYRGQLNLGHO.RYLQVNRRNVLGQLSUHQDSHWRVWQLRGYRGQLNLEUH]
LVNULãþ]DVLVWHPH]L]PHQLþQRQDSHWRVWMR,(&VSUHPHQMHQ
Surge arresters -- Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
Überspannungsableiter -- Teil 4: Metalloxidableiter ohne Funkenstrecken für
Wechselspannungsnetze
Parafoudres -- Partie 4: Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateurs pour réseaux à
courant alternatif
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60099-4:2004
ICS:
29.240.10 Transformatorske postaje. Substations. Surge arresters
Prenapetostni odvodniki
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60099-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM August 2004
ICS 29.120.50;29.240.10 Supersedes EN 60099-4:1993 + A1:1998 + A2:2002

English version
Surge arresters
Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
(IEC 60099-4:2004, modified)
Parafoudres Überspannungsableiter
Partie 4: Parafoudres à oxyde métallique Teil 4: Metalloxidableiter
sans éclateurs pour réseaux à courant ohne Funkenstrecken
alternatif für Wechselspannungsnetze
(CEI 60099-4:2004, modifiée) (IEC 60099-4:2004, modifiziert)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-05-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. EN 60099-4:2004 E
Foreword
The text of document 37/298/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60099-4, prepared by IEC TC 37, Surge
arresters, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote. Together with the common modifications
prepared by the CENELEC Reporting Secretariat SR 37 for amendment A2:2002 to EN 60099-4:1993, it
was approved by CENELEC as EN 60099-4 on 2004-05-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60099-4:1993 + A1:1998 + A2:2002.
This European Standard includes the following significant editorial changes with respect to the previous
edition.
– Clauses 1, 2 and 3 contain common subclauses that cover all arrester types. Clauses 4 to 9 contain
subclauses that apply to porcelain-housed arresters. To a great extent, the content of Clauses 4 to 9
also applies to arrester types other than porcelain-housed. Any exceptions that apply to polymer-
housed, GIS, separable and dead-front, and liquid-immersed arresters are included in Clauses 10 to
13 as entire subclauses, not as parts of subclauses. That is, if any subclause of Clauses 4 to 9 does
not apply in its entirety to a particular type of arrester, then a replacement subclause is given in its
entirety in the appropriate Clauses 10, 11, 12, or 13. This avoids the necessity for the user of the
document to judge which part of a clause has been amended.
– Table 1 has been modified. The previous Table 1 included references to subclauses for type testing.
Such references are really not appropriate in Clause 4 and have been transferred to a new table in
Clause 8.
– Clauses 6, 8, 11, 12 and 13: modifications have been made to short-circuit requirements.
– Requirements of Clause 13 (mechanical considerations) have been incorporated into Clauses 5, 6, 8,
10, 11, 12 and 13, and Annex A of this new edition.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-03-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-05-01
Annexes ZA and ZB have been added by CENELEC.
__________
– 3 – EN 60099-4:2004
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60099-4:2004 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard with agreed common modifications as given below.
COMMON MODIFICATIONS
Contents Delete Clause 13 and replace by "void".
Add:
Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their
corresponding European publications
Annex ZB (informative) Liquid-immersed arresters
Clause 13 Delete and replace by "void".
Annexes Add annexes ZA and ZB.
Bibliography Add the following notes for the standards indicated:
IEC 60068-2-17 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-17:1994 (not modified).
IEC 60099-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60099-1:1994 (not modified).
IEC 60694 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60694:1996 (not modified).
IEC 60721-3-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60721-3-2:1997 (not modified).
___________
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60060-1 1989 High-voltage test techniques HD 588.1 S1 1991
+ corr. March 1990 Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60060-2 1994 High-voltage test techniques EN 60060-2 1994
Part 2: Measuring systems + A11 1998
IEC 60068-2-11 1981 Environmental testing EN 60068-2-11 1999
Part 2: Tests - Test Ka: Salt mist
1)
IEC 60068-2-14 1984 Environmental testing EN 60068-2-14 1999
Part 2: Tests - Test N: Change of
temperature
IEC 60068-2-42 2003 Environmental testing EN 60068-2-42 2003
Part 2-42: Tests - Test Kc: Sulphur
dioxide test for contacts and
connections
IEC 60071-1 1993 Insulation co-ordination EN 60071-1 1995
Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
IEC 60071-2 1996 Insulation co-ordination EN 60071-2 1997
Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60270 2000 High-voltage test techniques - Partial EN 60270 2001
discharge measurements
IEC 60507 1991 Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage EN 60507 1993
insulators to be used on a.c. systems
IEC 60815 1986 Guide for the selection of insulators in - -
respect of polluted conditions
IEC 61109 1992 Composite insulators for a.c. overhead - -
lines with a nominal voltage greater
than 1 kV - Definitions, test methods
and acceptance criteria
1)
EN 60068-2-14 includes A1:1986 to IEC 60068-2-14.

– 5 – EN 60099-4:2004
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 61166 1993 High-voltage alternating current circuit- EN 61166 1993
breakers - Guide for seismic
qualification of high-voltage alternating
current circuit-breakers
IEC 61330 1995 High-voltage/low-voltage prefabricated EN 61330 1996
substations
IEC 62271-200 2003 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear EN 62271-200 2004
Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear
and controlgear for rated voltages
above 1 kV and up to and including
52 kV
IEC 62271-203 2003 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear EN 62271-203 2004
Part 203: Gas-insulated metal-enclosed
switchgear for rated voltages above
52 kV
CISPR 16-1 1999 Specification for radio disturbance and - -
immunity measuring apparatus and
methods
Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus
CISPR 18-2 1986 Radio intererence characteristics of - -
overhead power lines and high-voltage
equipment
Part 2: Methods of measurement and
procedure for determining limits
___________
Annex ZB
(informative)
Liquid-immersed arresters
Add the text of Clause 13.
___________
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60099-4
Second edition
2004-05
Surge arresters –
Part 4:
Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
 IEC 2004 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
XG
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.13
INTRODUCTION.17
1 Scope.19
2 Normative references.19
3 Terms and definitions .21
4 Identification and classification.37
4.1 Arrester identification.37
4.2 Arrester classification.39
5 Standard ratings and service conditions .39
5.1 Standard rated voltages.39
5.2 Standard rated frequencies .39
5.3 Standard nominal discharge currents .39
5.4 Service conditions .41
6 Requirements.41
6.1 Insulation withstand of the arrester housing.41
6.2 Reference voltage.43
6.3 Residual voltages.43
6.4 Internal partial discharges .43
6.5 Seal leak rate .43
6.6 Current distribution in a multi-column arrester .43
6.7 Thermal stability.43
6.8 Long-duration current impulse withstand .43
6.9 Operating duty.45
6.10 Power-frequency voltage versus time characteristics of an arrester.51
6.11 Short-circuit.51
6.12 Disconnector.51
6.13 Requirements for auxiliary equipment such as grading components .51
6.14 Mechanical loads.51
6.15 Electromagnetic compatibility.53
6.16 End of life.53
7 General testing procedure.53
7.1 Measuring equipment and accuracy .53
7.2 Reference voltage measurements.55
7.3 Test samples.55
8 Type tests (design tests) .55
8.1 General.55
8.2 Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing .59
8.3 Residual voltage tests.61
8.4 Long-duration current impulse withstand test.67
8.5 Operating duty tests .71
8.6 Tests of arrester disconnectors/fault indicators.87
8.7 Short-circuit test procedure.91
8.8 Internal partial discharge tests .91
8.9 Test of the bending moment .91

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 5 –
8.10 Environmental tests.93
8.11 Seal leak rate test .95
8.12 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test.97
9 Routine tests and acceptance tests .99
9.1 Routine tests.99
9.2 Acceptance tests.101
10 Test requirements on polymer-housed surge arresters .105
10.1 Scope.105
10.2 Normative references.105
10.3 Terms and definitions .105
10.4 Identification and classification.105
10.5 Standard ratings and service conditions .105
10.6 Requirements.105
10.7 General testing procedure.107
10.8 Type tests (design tests) .107
11 Test requirements on gas-insulated metal enclosed arresters (GIS-arresters) .139
11.1 Scope.139
11.2 Normative references.139
11.3 Terms and definitions .139
11.4 Identification and classification.139
11.5 Standard ratings and service conditions .139
11.6 Requirements.141
11.7 General testing procedures.143
11.8 Type tests (design tests) .143
11.9 Routine tests.153
11.10 Test after erection on site.153
12 Separable and dead-front arresters .159
12.1 Scope.159
12.2 Normative references.159
12.3 Terms and definitions .159
12.4 Identification and classification.159
12.5 Standard ratings and service conditions .159
12.6 Requirements.159
12.7 General testing procedure.161
12.8 Type tests (design tests) .161
12.9 Routine tests and acceptance tests .173
13 Liquid-immersed arresters.173
13.1 Scope.173
13.2 Normative references.173
13.3 Terms and definitions .173
13.4 Identification and classification.173
13.5 Standard ratings and service conditions .175
13.6 Requirements.175
13.7 General testing procedure.175
13.8 Type tests (design tests) .175
13.9 Routine tests and acceptance tests .191

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 7 –
Annex A (normative) Abnormal service conditions.193
Annex B (normative) Test to verify thermal equivalency between complete arrester
and arrester section .195
Annex C (normative) Requirements for high lightning duty arresters for voltage range
1 kV to 52 kV .197
Annex D (normative) Procedure to verify the power-frequency voltage-versus-time
characteristics of an arrester.203
Annex E (informative) Guide to selection of line discharge class.207
Annex F (normative) Artificial pollution test with respect to the thermal stress on
porcelain-housed multi-unit metal-oxide surge arresters .211
Annex G (informative) Typical information given with enquiries and tenders .241
Annex H (informative) Typical circuit for high current impulse operating duty test
(see 8.5.4) .247
Annex I (informative) Typical circuit for a distributed constant impulse generator for
the long duration current impulse withstand test (see 8.4).251
Annex J (informative) Typical maximum residual voltages.253
Annex K (informative) Ageing test procedure – Arrhenius law – Problems with higher
temperatures .255
Annex L (informative) Guide for the determination of the voltage distribution along
metal-oxide surge arresters .259
Annex M (normative) Mechanical considerations.275
Annex N (informative) Short-circuit tests.283

Bibliography.301

Figure 1 – Operating duty test on 10 000 A line discharge Class 1, 5 000 A, 2 500 A
and 1 500 A arresters (see 8.5.4).47
Figure 2 – Operating duty test on 10 000 A arresters line discharge Classes 2 and 3
and 20 000 A arresters line discharge Classes 4 and 5 (see 8.5.5) .49
Figure 3 – Power losses of the arrester at elevated temperatures versus time .75
Figure 4 – Thermal stability test on 10 000 A line discharge Class 1, 5 000 A, 2 500 A
and 1 500 A arresters .103
Figure 5 – Thermal stability test on 10 000 A arresters line discharge Classes 2 and 3
and 20 000 A arresters line discharge Classes 4 and 5.105
Figure 6 – Thermomechanical test .127
Figure 7 – Example of the test arrangement for the thermomechanical test and
direction of the cantilever load .129
Figure 8 – Water immersion .131
Figure 9 – Example of an accelerated weather ageing cycle under operating voltage
(according to IEC 61109) .137
Figure 10 – Another example of an accelerated weather ageing cycle.139
Figure 11 – Test set-up for insulation withstand test of separable arresters in insulating
housings .163

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 9 –
Figure 12 – Power losses of arrester at elevated temperatures versus time .181
Figure C.1 – Operating duty test on 20 000 A high lightning duty arresters .201
Figure C.2 – Thermal stability test on 20 000 A high lightning duty arresters (see 9.2.2).201
Figure D.1 –Test on 10 000 A line discharge class 1, 5 000 A, 2 500 A and 1 500 A
arresters .203
Figure D.2 –Test on 20 000 A high lightning duty arresters .205
Figure D.3 –Test on 10 000 A arresters, line discharge Classes 2 and 3 and 20 000 A
arresters, line discharge Classes 4 and 5 .205
Figure E.1 – Specific energy in kJ per kV rating dependant on the ratio of switching
impulse residual voltage (U ) to the r.m.s. value of the rated voltage U of the arrester .209
a r
Figure F.1 – Flow-chart showing the procedure for determining the preheating of a test
sample.217
Figure H.1 – Typical test circuit diagram for high current impulse operating duty test.247
Figure I.1 – Typical distributed constant impulse generator for the long-duration
impulse test .251
Figure L.1 – Typical three-phase arrester installation.269
Figure L.2 – Simplified multi-stage equivalent circuit of an arrester.269
Figure L.3 – Geometry of arrester model.271
Figure L.4 – Example of voltage-current characteristic of metal-oxide resistors at
+20 °C in the leakage current region.273
Figure L.5 – Calculated voltage stress along the resistor column in case B.273
Figure M.1 – Bending moment – multi-unit surge arrester .275
Figure M.2 – Surge arrester unit .279
Figure M.3 – Surge-arrester dimensions .281
Figure N.1 – Position of the fuse wire in different cases (for arresters with pressure-
relief devices) .297
Figure N.2 – Circuit layout for surge arresters with pressure-relief device .299
Figure N.3 – Circuit layout or surge arresters without pressure-relief device .299

Table 1 – Arrester classification.39
Table 2 – Steps of rated voltages.39
Table 3 – Arrester type tests.57
Table 4 – Peak currents for switching impulse residual voltage test .67
Table 5 – Parameters for the line discharge test on 20 000 A and 10 000 A arresters .69
Table 6 – Requirements for the long-duration current impulse test on 5 000 A and
2 500 A arresters .71
Table 7 – Determination of elevated rated and continuous operating voltages .77
Table 8 – Requirements for high current impulses .81
Table 8 – Requirements for high current impulses .113

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 11 –
Table 9 – 10 000 A and 20 000 A three–phase GIS–arresters – Required withstand
voltages.155
Table 10 – 1 500 A, 2 500 A and 5 000 A three – phase – GIS arresters – Required
withstand voltages .157
Table 11 – Insulation withstand test voltages for unscreened separable arresters.163
Table 12 – Insulation withstand test voltages for dead-front arresters or separable
arresters in a screened housing .163
Table 8 – Requirements for high current impulses .167
Table 13 – Partial discharge test values for separable and dead-front arresters.173
Table 7 – Determination of elevated rated and continuous operating voltages .181
Table 8 – Requirements for high current impulses .183
a
Table C.1 – Test requirements on 20 000 A high lightning duty arresters .199
Table F.1 – Mean external charge for different pollution severities.219
Table F.2 – Characteristic of the sample used for the pollution test.221
Table F.3 – Requirements for the device used for the measurement of the charge.223
Table F.4 – Requirements for the device used for the measurement of the temperature.225
Table F.5 – Calculated values of ΔT for the selected example .237
z max
Table F.6 – Results of the salt fog test for the selected example.237
Table F.7 – Calculated values of ΔT and of T after five cycles for the selected
z OD
example.239
Table F.8 – Calculated values of ΔT and of T after 10 cycles for the selected
z OD
example.239
Table J.1 – Residual voltages for 20 000 A and 10 000 A arresters in per unit of rated
voltage.253
Table J.2 – Residual voltages for 5 000 A, 2 500 A and 1 500 A arresters in per unit of
rated voltage.253
Table K.1 – Minimum demonstrated lifetime prediction .255
o
Table K.2 – Relationship between test durations at 115 C and equivalent time at
upper limit of ambient temperature.257
Table L.1 – Results from example calculations .267
Table N.1 – Method of preparing arresters with a pressure relief device for conducting
short-circuit current.285
Table N.2 – Method of preparing arresters without a pressure-relief device for
conducting short-circuit current.287
Table N.3 – Required currents for short-circuit tests .295

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 13 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
––––––––––––
SURGE ARRESTERS –
Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard 60099-4 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 37: Surge
arresters.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1991, amendment 1
(1998) and amendment 2 (2001).
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition.
60099-4  IEC:2004 – 15 –
• Clauses 1, 2 and 3 contain common subclauses that cover all arrester types. Clauses 4 to
9 contain subclauses that apply to porcelain-housed arresters. To a great extent, the
content of Clauses 4 to 9 also applies to arrester types other than porcelain- housed. Any
exceptions that apply to polymer-housed, GIS, separable and dead-front, and liquid-
immersed arresters are included in Clauses 10 to 13 as entire subclauses, not as parts of
subclauses. That is, if any subclause of Clauses 4 to 9 does not apply in its entirety to a
particular type of arrester, then a replacement subclause is given in its entirety in the
appropriate Clauses 10, 11, 12, or 13. This avoids the necessity for the user of the
document to judgewhich part of a clause has been amended.
• Table 1 has been modified. The previous Table 1 included references to subclauses for
type testing. Such references are really not appropriate in Clause 4 and have been
transferred to a new table in Clause 8.
• Clauses 6, 8, 11, 12 and 13: modifications have been made to short-circuit requirements.
• Requirements of Clause 13 (mechanical considerations) have been incorporated into
Clauses 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13, and Annex A of this new edition.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
37/298/FDIS 37/300/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2005. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60099-4  IEC:2004 – 17 –
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60099 presents the minimum criteria for the requirements and testing of
gapless metal-oxide surge arresters that are applied to a.c. power systems.
Arresters covered by this standard are commonly applied to live/front overhead installations in
place of the non-linear resistor-type gapped arresters covered in IEC 60099-1.

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 19 –
SURGE ARRESTERS –
Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60099 applies to non-linear metal-oxide resistor type surge arresters without
spark gaps designed to limit voltage surges on a.c. power circuits.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60060-1:1989, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60060-2:1994, High-voltage test techniques – Part 2: Measuring systems
IEC 60068-2-11:1981, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Ka: Salt mist
IEC 60068-2-14:1984, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-42:2003, Environmental testing – Part 2-42: Tests – Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide
test for contacts and connections
IEC 60071-1:1993, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
IEC 60071-2:1996, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60270:2000, High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements
IEC 60507:1991, Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c.
systems
IEC 60815:1986, Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions
IEC 61109:1992, Composite insulators for a.c. overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater
than 1 000 V – Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria
IEC 61166:1993, High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers – Guide for seismic
qualification of high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers
IEC 61330:1995, High-voltage/low-voltage prefabricated substations

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 21 –
IEC 62271-200:2003, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 200: A.C. metal-
enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including
52 kV
IEC 62271-203:2003, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 203: Gas-insulated
metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV
CISPR 16-1:1999, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
CISPR 18-2:1986, Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-
− Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits
voltage equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.
3.1
metal-oxide surge arrester without gaps
arrester having non-linear metal-oxide resistors connected in series and/or in parallel without
any integrated series or parallel spark gaps
3.2
non-linear metal-oxide resistor
part of the surge arrester which, by its non-linear voltage versus current characteristics, acts
as a low resistance to overvoltages, thus limiting the voltage across the arrester terminals,
and as a high resistance at normal power-frequency voltage
3.3
internal grading system of an arrester
grading impedances, in particular grading capacitors connected in parallel to one single or to
a group of non-linear metal-oxide resistors, to control the voltage distribution along the metal-
oxide resistor stack
3.4
grading ring of an arrester
metal part, usually circular in shape, mounted to modify electrostatically the voltage
distribution along the arrester
3.5
section of an arrester
complete, suitably assembled part of an arrester necessary to represent the behaviour of a
complete arrester with respect to a particular test
NOTE A section of an arrester is not necessarily a unit of an arrester.
3.6
unit of an arrester
completely housed part of an arrester which may be connected in series and/or in parallel with
other units to construct an arrester of higher voltage and/or current rating
NOTE A unit of an arrester is not necessarily a section of an arrester.

60099-4  IEC:2004 – 23 –
3.7
pressure-relief device of an arrester
means for relieving internal pressure in an arrester and preventing violent shattering of the
housing following prolonged passage of fault current or internal flashover of the arrester
3.8
rated voltage of an arrester
U
r
maximum permissible r.m.s. value of power-frequency
...