CEN/TS 16794-1:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2015
-DYQLSUHYR].RPXQLNDFLMDPHGEUH]NRQWDNWQLPLþLWDOQLNLWHUPLQDOLLQSUHYR]QLPL
PHGLMLGHO=DKWHYH]DL]YDMDQMH,62,(&
Public transport - Communication between contactless readers and fare media - Part 1:
Implementation requirements for ISO/IEC 14443
Öffentlicher Verkehr - Kommunikation zwischen berührungslosen Lesegeräten und
Fahrschein Medien - Teil 1: Implementierungsanforderungen zur ISO/IEC 14443
Transport Public - Système billettique interopérable - Communication entre terminaux et
objets sans contact - Partie 1: Exigences d’implémentation pour l’ISO/IEC 14443
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16794-1:2015
ICS:
03.220.01 Transport na splošno Transport in general
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
transportu in trgovini and trade
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16794-1
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
April 2015
ICS 35.240.15
English Version
Public transport - Communication between contactless readers
and fare media - Part 1: Implementation requirements for
ISO/IEC 14443
Transport Public - Système billettique interopérable - Öffentlicher Verkehr - Kommunikation zwischen
Communication entre terminaux et objets sans contact - berührungslosen Ladegeräten und Fahrscheinmedien - Teil
Partie 1: Exigences d'implémentation pour l'ISO/IEC 14443 1: Implementierungsanforderungen zur ISO/IEC 14443
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 24 February 2015 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16794-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Symbols and abbreviations .7
5 Conformance .8
6 General considerations for fare media and contactless readers .8
6.1 Combining the present requirements with others industry standards .8
6.2 Progressive and flexible approach to the targeted interoperability .9
7 Requirements on contactless readers.9
7.1 General .9
7.2 Categories for contactless reader . 10
7.3 Normative requirements for contactless readers . 10
7.4 Specific requirements for contactless readers . 11
7.5 Requirements on polling and recognizing contactless objects . 11
7.6 Performance requirements (informative) . 13
8 Requirements on contactless objects . 13
8.1 General . 13
8.2 Normative requirements for contactless objects . 13
8.3 Specific requirements for contactless objects . 13
8.4 Requirements concerning field ramp-ups and shut-offs . 14
8.5 Performance requirements (informative) . 14
9 Test boundaries and test conditions . 14
9.1 Implementation characteristics . 14
9.2 Test conditions . 18
Annex A (informative) Examples of PICC polling scenarios . 28
A.1 Examples of generic polling scenarios . 28
A.2 Examples of specific polling scenarios . 29

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16794-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 278 “Intelligent
transport systems”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
These implementation requirements represent the first step in a process designed to ensure contactless
communication interoperability between fare management system terminals and any fare media liable to be
accepted by them. The end-purpose of this document is therefore to prepare the ground for European
deployment of a certification process on contactless communication protocols guaranteeing technical
interoperability between fare management system terminals and fare media.
These implementation requirements set out the requirements related to the use of ISO/IEC 14443 to ensure
interoperability between fare management system terminals and multiple-form-factor contactless fare media
(smartcards, e-tickets, mobile phones, USB keys, tablets, etc.).
These implementation requirements are not designed to repeat or duplicate the referenced specifications
(essentially standards ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 10373-6) but to finalize some specific points and to define
their testing and use conditions, and thus ultimately to improve overall interoperability.
These implementation requirements have been built to facilitate co-compliance of a given fare management
system terminal or fare media on both these implementation requirements and one or more other standard
specifications like EMVCo Book D or NFC Forum Analog and Digital Technical specifications.
These implementation requirements include the following key clauses:
— Clause 6 presents general considerations applicable to fare management system terminals and fare
media.
— Clause 7 sets out the requirements specific to contactless fare management system terminals.
— Clause 8 sets out the requirements specific to contactless fare media.
— Clause 9 sets out the test conditions for the certification of contactless fare management system
terminals and contactless fare media under these implementation requirements. It also lists the
implementation characteristics to be provided by fare management system terminal manufacturers and
contactless fare media manufacturers as a prerequisite to the certification process.
— Various possible polling sequences are given in Annex A for information purposes.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification sets out the technical requirements to be met by contactless fare management
system terminals and contactless fare media hosting a transport ticketing application in order to be able to
interface together using the ISO/IEC 14443 standard contactless communications protocol.
This Technical Specification applies to:
— any contactless fare management system terminal acting as a PCD contactless reader based on
ISO/IEC 14443 standard series;
— any contactless fare media acting as a PICC contactless object based on ISO/IEC 14443 standard
series.
The purpose of these implementation requirements is to ensure contactless communications interoperability
between contactless fare management system terminals and any contactless fare media liable to be accepted
by them, once both terminal and fare media have been certified as meeting the requirements of these
implementation requirements. An interface–oriented test approach will be used to evaluate the interoperability
of relevant components and is defined in CEN/TS 16794-2, Public transport — Communication between
contactless readers and fare media — Part 2: Test plan for ISO/IEC 14443.
Application-to-application exchanges executed once contactless communication has been established at RF
level fall outside the scope of these implementation requirements. In line with the rules on independency
between OSI protocol layers, these implementation requirements work on the assumption that application-to-
application exchanges are not contingent on the type of contactless communication established or by the
parameters used for the low-level protocol layers that serve as the platform for these application-to-application
exchanges.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 16794-2, Public transport — Communication between contactless readers and fare media — Part 2:
Test plan for ISO/IEC 14443
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Amd.1:2012, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards /
Amendment 1: Additional PICC classes
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Amd.2:2012, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards /
Amendment 2: Test methods for electromagnetic disturbance
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Amd.3:2012, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards /
Amendment 3: Exchange of additional parameters, block numbering, unmatched AFI and TR2
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Amd.4:2012, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards /
Amendment 4: Bit rates of fc/8, fc/4 and fc/2 and frame size from 512 to 4096 bytes
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Cor.1:2013, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards / Technical
Corrigendum 1: R2 value range, start of PICC transmission and program for EMD level measurement
ISO/IEC 14443-1:2008, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity cards —
Part 1: Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 14443-1:2008/Amd.1:2012, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity
cards — Part 1: Physical characteristics / Amendment 1: Additional PICC classes
ISO/IEC 14443-2:2010, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity cards —
Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface
ISO/IEC 14443-2:2010/Amd.1:2011, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity
cards — Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface / Amendment 1: Limits of electromagnetic
disturbance levels parasitically generated by the PICC
ISO/IEC 14443-2:2010/Amd.2:2012, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity
cards — Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface / Amendment 2: Additional PICC classes
ISO/IEC 14443-2/Amd.3:2012, Identification cards — Proximity cards — Part 2: Radio frequency power and
signal interface / Amendment 3: Bits rates of fc/8, fc/4 and fc/2
ISO/IEC 14443-3:2011, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity cards —
Part 3: Initialization and anticollision
ISO/IEC 14443-3:2011/Amd.1:2011, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity
cards — Part 3: Initialization and anticollision / Amendment 1: Electromagnetic disturbance handling and
single-size unique identifier
ISO/IEC 14443-3:2011/Amd.2:2012, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity
cards — Part 3: Initialization and anticollision / Amendment 2: Bit rates of fc/8, fc/4 and fc/2, frame size from
512 bytes to 4 096 bytes and minimum TR0
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2008, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity cards —
Part 4: Transmission protocol
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2008/Amd.1:2012, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity
cards — Part 4: Transmission protocol / Amendment 1: Exchange of additional parameters
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2008/Amd.2:2012, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity
cards — Part 4: Transmission protocol / Amendment 2: Bit rates of fc/8, fc/4 and fc/2, protocol activation of
PICC Type A and frame size from 512 bytes to 4 096 bytes
ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006, Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Vicinity cards — Part 2:
Air interface and initialization
ISO/IEC 18092:2013, Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between
systems — Near Field Communication — Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)
EMV Contactless Communication Protocol Specification (2014), EMV Contactless Specifications for Payment
Systems — Book D — EMV Contactless Communication Protocol Specification — Version 2.4 February 2014
NFC Forum™ - NFC Analog Specification (2012), Technical Specification - NFC Forum™- ANALOG 1.0 -
NFCForum-TS-Analog-1.0 - 2012-07-11
NFC Forum™ - NFC Digital Specification (2014), Technical Specification - NFC Forum™- DIGITAL 1.1 -
NFCForum-TS-Digital-1.1 - 2014-05-20
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
"battery low" mode
in the case of battery-powered NFC systems, "battery low" mode is as defined in Section 3.5 of GSMA’s white
paper: GSM Association: Requirements For SWP NFC Handsets V4.0 – March 2011
3.2
common reader
contactless reader interface designed for terminals with reduced performance requirements
3.3
IFM Reader
contactless reader used in Interoperable Fare Management system terminals
3.4
PCD assembly
test PCD assembly (test reader) as defined in test method ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011
3.5
non ISO/IEC 14443-3 frame coding
frame using either:
— ISO/IEC 14443-2 type A modulation, with coding different from REQA or WUPA; or
— ISO/IEC 14443-2 type B modulation, with coding different from REQB or WUPB; or
— ISO/IEC 18092 modulation; or
— ISO/IEC 15693-2 modulation
3.6
Reference PICC
Reference PICC (test card) as defined in test method ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011
4 Symbols and abbreviations
The following abbreviated terms are used in this document:
AFI Application Family Identifier, Type B
ATQB Answer To Request, Type B
EMD Electro Magnetic Disturbance
FWI Frame Waiting time Integer
FSCI Frame Size for proximity Card Integer
NFC Near Field Communication
PCD Proximity Coupling Device
PICC Proximity IC Card
PTO Public Transport Operator
PUPI Pseudo-Unique PICC Identifier, Type B
REQA Request Command, Type A
REQB Request Command, Type B
RF Radio Frequency
SFGI Start-up Frame Guard Time Integer
SFGT Start-up Frame Guard Time
t Maximum Reference PICC time-to-detection
detect
UID Unique Identifier, Type A
WUPA Wake-UP Command, Type A
WUPB Wake-UP Command, Type B
5 Conformance
Conformance to the present implementation requirements carries a number of requisites:
— For a contactless reader, to meet all the [Rdrnn] requirements listed herein that are applicable according
to the applicant's stated implementation characteristics (ICS), under the test conditions stipulated in
Clause 2 and following the PCD Reader test plan set out in CEN/TS 16794-2.
— For a contactless object, to meet all the [Objnn] requirements listed herein that are applicable according
to the applicant's stated implementation characteristics (ICS), under the test conditions stipulated in
Clause 2 and following the PICC Media test plan set out in CEN/TS 16794-2.
The validation process to be carried out by contactless object and contactless reader manufacturers or
integrators is out of scope of the present specification.
6 General considerations for fare media and contactless readers
6.1 Combining the present requirements with others industry standards
The implementation requirements are designed to facilitate the software and hardware migration roadmap for
existing fare management system terminals and to minimize the allied roadmap costs by integrating existing
contactless ticketing test specifications (regional or local test specifications used in population clusters aiming
for transport interoperability). Moving forward along these lines, the specifications do not impose a unique
predefined polling sequence for fare management system terminals, but define minimal requirements for
polling sequence, thus leaving each transport network free to integrate into this sequence those contactless
fare media that are off-scope, i.e. non-compliant to the ISO/IEC 14443 requirements on Type A or B as
outlined herein.
These implementation requirements, for those transport networks that opt in, also give the possibility to get an
EMVCo L1 certification on fare management system terminals designed to accept contactless payment as the
transport network fare payment and access system, regardless of the type of media hosting the allied
applications: contactless smartcards, NFC-enabled mobile phones, NFC-enabled secure memory cards, etc.
In order to facilitate joint compliance to these requirements and to EMVCO requirements, notes have been
added where EMVCo imposes restricted implementation and these current implementation requirements are
more open.
Similarly, when NFC devices are used as fare management system terminals or as fare media, additional
certification such as NFC Forum certification may be requested for these devices. It should be possible for an
NFC-enabled device to comply both with these implementation requirements and with NFC Forum’s Analog
and Digital Technical specifications. Some discussions will take place between the CEN TC 278 Working
Group 3 SG 5 and NFC Forum’s SIG Transport to look after requirements harmonization.
The requirements set out in these implementation requirements are applicable to contactless fare media,
whether they are dedicated solely for use in a transport fare solution or whether they are designed to host a
number of contactless applications from other sectors (telecom, banking, mass retail, etc.) in addition to a
transport application. By this, transport-sector contracting authorities can require conformance to these
requirements when making procurement orders for transport-network fare management system terminals and
contactless fare media. It is equally desirable that the manufacturers of multi-capability contactless fare media
(NFC-enabled smartphones, contactless USB keys, NFC-enabled secure memory cards, multi-application-
carrying contactless cards) ensure their products conform to these implementation requirements to make
them eligible for hosting fare management system applications.
NFC mobile devices designed and tested according to NFC Forum specifications will be covered in Edition 2
of this Technical Specification. The work on Edition 2 is intended to complement Edition 1 for NFC Forum
devices and not to rework Edition 1. Edition 2 will ensure backward compatibility with Edition 1 requirements.
6.2 Progressive and flexible approach to the targeted interoperability
These implementation requirements should make it possible to accept a broad spectrum of contactless fare
media, without distinction between form factors not smaller than Class 3 such as: contactless smartcards in
ID-1 format (as defined in ISO/IEC 7810), contactless tickets, contactless USB keys and NFC-enabled mobile
phones, or any other contactless fare media that is a PICC and is in conformance with the requirements
stipulated in these implementation requirements. This requires that PT infrastructures follow the amendments
on additional PICC classes that are provided with the latest version of ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 10373-6
standards.
In the past, significant investments in PT infrastructures have been made by PTOs across Europe. These
comply mainly with previous versions of ISO/IEC 14443 and support interoperability with Class 1 PICC (e.g.
ID1-cards) only. The targeted interoperability with next generation fare media like NFC mobile devices and
smart objects within PICC classes 2 or 3 would probably require an update of this reader infrastructure and
generate significant cost. The following step-by-step approach will facilitate an economically viable transition
that can be accepted and justified by the PTO:
a) In the first step, interoperability may be supported for classical fare media (Class 1 PICC) only. The
reader infrastructure has to support ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 10373-6 but not the amendments
related to additional PICC classes.
b) As soon as the PTO wants to introduce mobile services and next generation fare media like NFC mobile
devices and smart objects within PICC classes 2 or 3, the infrastructure has to be upgraded to comply
with the latest version of ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 10373-6 standards including the amendments on
additional PICC classes. By this, a mandatory precondition for the targeted interoperability for all fare
media in the scope will be reached. At this point, the investment into the update of the reader
infrastructure has to be made but it can be justified by new services and enhanced customer value.
7 Requirements on contactless readers
7.1 General
This clause sets out the requirements applicable to contactless fare management system terminals acting as
PCD contactless readers based on ISO/IEC 14443 standard.
— Requirements described in 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5 are normative and mandatory to achieve interoperability.
— Requirement described in 7.6 is informative only, hence not necessary to achieve interoperability.
Requirements on contactless readers are identified by a numbering format that reads [Rdrnn] where nn is the
number of the requirement.
7.2 Categories for contactless reader
This Technical Specification reflects that contactless readers’ requirements depend on particular use cases.
Therefore two categories of readers are introduced:
— The first category, the “IFM Reader”, covers use cases where performance (i.e. reading distance,
transaction time) is key.
— The second reader category, the “Common Reader“, is defined for scenarios that impose requirements
on the contactless interface such as minimization of cost or maximisation of battery life of the reader.
These requirements have been derived from use cases from the following parts of the PTO’s system
implementation:
— sales infrastructure,
— customer’s home infrastructure,
— mobile inspection terminals.
Some requirements given in this specification will be adapted for Common Readers.
There is no compromise against the cost of interoperability as all implementation requirements and tests that
are necessary to achieve interoperability between contactless readers and fare media are mandatory for both
reader categories.
As indicated in 6.1, Edition 2 will ensure backward compatibility with Edition 1 requirements. This will protect
legacy investment in contactless readers and infrastructure equipment.
7.3 Normative requirements for contactless readers
[Rdr1] Contactless readers shall meet the mandatory normative requirements for PCD defined in the
ISO/IEC 14443 standard and associated ISO/IEC 10373-6 test methods standards listed in Clause 2
with the following temporary waivers:
— The limits and test methods for electromagnetic disturbance parasitically generated by the PICC has
recently been standardised (ISO/IEC 14443-2:2010/Amd.1:2011, ISO/IEC 14443-3:2011/Amd.1:2011 and
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Amd.2:2012) and contactless readers in the field may not be compliant with these
standards. The electromagnetic disturbance requirements defined in these standards are therefore
informative for existing readers. Existing readers should implement an EMD recovery algorithm to meet,
as far as possible, the low EMD time t specified in ISO/IEC 14443-3:2011/Amd.1:2011. These
E,PCD
electromagnetic disturbance requirements are mandatory for contactless readers produced after the
publication of this Technical Specification.
— Additional PICC classes (including e.g. different load modulation amplitude limits for PCD) have recently
been standardised (ISO/IEC 14443-2:2010/Amd.2:2012, ISO/IEC 14443-1:2008/Amd.1:2012 and
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Amd.1:2012) and most contactless readers in the field may not be compliant with
these standards. The requirements defined in these standards are therefore:
— mandatory for all system infrastructures that use above mentioned additional PICC classes;
— informative for a transitional period for system infrastructures that use only “Class 1” PICC fare
media: this transition period ends as soon as the PTO wishes to support “Class 2” or “Class 3” PICC
fare media.
NOTE 1 If contactless objects are introduced into a PT infrastructure using existing readers without EMD compliance,
interoperability cannot be guaranteed.
NOTE 2 Contactless readers are tested against the Reference PICCs 1, 2 and 3 only, corresponding to mandatory
classes 1, 2 and 3. No test is required with Reference PICCs 4, 5 and 6 corresponding to optional classes 4, 5 and 6.
NOTE 3 There are no particular restrictions to contactless objects using the UID values (Type A) or PUPI values (Type
B) stipulated in the standard, including random UID/PUPI values.
NOTE 4 There are no particular restrictions to contactless objects using any value for Application data field (Type B).
NOTE 5 EMVCo Book D imposes that the extended ATQB option shall not be supported. ISO/IEC 14443-3 considers
that the support of this feature is optional.
NOTE 6 These implementation requirements make it possible for contactless readers to accept a broad spectrum of
contactless objects, without distinction between form factors, but not smaller than Class 3, such as: contactless
smartcards in ID-1 format (as defined in ISO/IEC 7810), contactless tickets, contactless USB keys and NFC-enabled
mobile phones, or any other contactless fare media that is a PICC and is in conformance with the requirements stipulated
in these Technical Specifications.
7.4 Specific requirements for contactless readers
[Rdr2] All the [Rdr1] requirements tested with the Reference PICCs 1, 2 and 3 shall be complied with inside
the operating distance of range A.
For Common Readers, the range A required is limited to positions A1 to A2. If those positions cannot be
applied, because e.g. the fare media object shall be inserted into a card slot, a single position needs to be
defined by the manufacturer of the Common Reader and tested accordingly. This single position shall be
either marked in such way that a user can clearly position his contactless object in this position or the
mechanical construction shall control the positioning of the contactless object in this position.
[Rdr3] When tested with Reference PICC 3 all the [Rdr1] requirements tested shall be complied with inside
the operating distance range B. In addition, the contactless reader shall provide a field strength of at
least 2 A/m on all positions in this range B.
For Common Readers, the range B required is limited to positions B1 to B2. If those positions cannot be
applied, because e.g. the fare media object shall be inserted into a card slot, a single position needs to be
defined by the manufacturer of the “Common Reader" and tested accordingly. This single position shall be
either marked in such way that a user can clearly position his contactless object in this position or the
mechanical construction shall control the positioning of the contactless object in this position.
NOTE 1 These minimum operating distance ranges are added as complementary requirements to ISO/IEC 14443-2.
Operating distance ranges A and B are defined in 9.2.2.
NOTE 2 The minimum field strength requirement in range B is necessary to compensate in particular for the low load
modulation issue of current NFC mobile handsets when used in RF field with low field strength.
[Rdr4] The contactless reader shall use an AFI of 00h (applicable to Type B only).
[Rdr5] The contactless reader shall comply with ISO/IEC 14443 recommendations on reception of bits and
values reserved for future use.
NOTE 3 This requirement is intended to offer future proofed implementation that will allow the same behaviour
to remain valid when new options in the ISO/IEC 14443 standard use any of the currently RFU bits and/or
values.
7.5 Requirements on polling and recognizing contactless objects
This subclause describes the "listen" strategy for polling contactless objects found present in the operational
field but does not address how they are handled once detected.
EMVCo Book D stipulates that for EMVCo L1 certification, once a contactless object has been detected,
polling shall continue for the other RF type and possible other contactless modulation schemes, codings and
protocols on the same carrier frequency that the contactless reader supports before opening a dialogue with
the object first detected. This constraint slows the all-round transaction time, and consequently certain
transport networks may prefer a response behaviour wherein the first object detected gets immediately treated
rather than keep their terminal eligible for EMVCo L1 certification and thereby eligible for accepting payment
cards.
[Rdr1] The time-to-detection by the contactless reader of a Reference PICC requiring minimum SFGT (no
= 250 ms. This remains a valid requirement regardless of the
SFGI or SFGI=0) shall be under t
detect
moment when the Reference PICC is placed within range A or B of the contactless reader. The
Reference PICC time-to-detection is defined between the moment when the Reference PICC is
placed into the field and the send-out of the first I-block sent by the contactless reader. The
Reference PICC time-to-detection shall be the average value measured on 10 consecutive
measurements and shall be provided by the testing laboratory as part of the result report.
NOTE 1 For contactless readers that don't keep their field continuously active, the Reference PICC time-to-detection is
counted from the moment when the field is started and assumes that the PICC is already in the operating volume.
NOTE 2 While complying with the full set of requirements stipulated in ISO/IEC 14443-3 using the commands of
(REQA /or WUPA) and of (REQB and/or WUPB) specified in ISO/IEC 14443-3, the polling sequence may also poll for
other objects non compliant with ISO/IEC 14443-3 using non ISO/IEC 14443-3 frame coding.
NOTE 3 In cases where objects non compliant with ISO/IEC 14443-3 are also polled for, it is possible to extend the
polling window for a given type to longer times (up to the maximum time to detection defined in [Rdr6]) rather than go for
performance speeds. This application-layer option to extend the polling time for a different type may be dependent on the
number of cards of each type deployed locally at street-level.
When inserting field shut-offs in the polling sequence, the contactless reader should take care that contactless
objects using a random identifier will respond with a different identifier and therefore should not consider such
an object as two different objects.
When getting no response from a contactless object despite error detection and recovery defined in
ISO/IEC 14443-4, contactless readers not using any field shut-off in their polling sequence should use a field
shut-off to put the silent contactless object in IDLE state, allowing it to receive and answer request commands
without need to manually remove it from the field.
NOTE 4 Contactless readers implementing a B-then-A polling subsequence immediately followed by a field shut-off,
will not comply with EMVCo Book D specifications and thereby cannot be eligible for EMVCo L1 certification.
NOTE 5 Tests will need to be run to verify whether contactless objects non compliant with ISO/IEC 14443-3 affect the
execution of the polling scenario described above, regardless of whether they are presented alone or simultaneously with
a Type A or Type B contactless object. These cases are excluded from the scope of application of these implementation
requirements.
[Rdr7] The contactless reader may give priority to applications using a proprietary protocol initiated by
ISO/IEC 14443-3 polling commands (REQA/WUPA and/or REQB/WUPB), but shall come back to
applications using the ISO/IEC 14443-4 protocol when no suitable application using such a
proprietary protocol is found.
NOTE 6 This requirement is intended to ensure that the reader will not lock on a proprietary protocol when
processing contactless objects supporting one or several other proprietary protocols initiated by
ISO/IEC 14443-3 polling commands (REQA/WUPA and/or REQB/WUPB), in addition to ISO/IEC 14443-4
protocol.
The contactless reader may give priority to applications using a proprietary protocol initiated by a non
ISO/IEC 14443-3 polling command (see A.1.1.3). When no suitable application using such a proprietary
protocol is found, the contactless reader should continue its polling cycle until it sends the ISO/IEC 14443-3
polling commands (REQA/WUPA and REQB/WUPB), preferably after a field shut-off as the object may have
locked in one of its proprietary protocols initiated by a non ISO/IEC 14443-3 polling command. [Rdr7] then
applies so that the contactless reader returns to seek applications using the ISO/IEC 14443-4 protocol when
no suitable application using a proprietary protocol is found.
Annex A (informative) gives examples of PICC polling sequences for contactless readers.
7.6 Performance requirements (informative)
The following requirement is providing performance indications and is informative only.
[Rdr8] The frame size supported by the contactless reader in receiver mode should be at least 256 bytes.
Consequently, the contactless reader should indicate a FSDI (Type A) or a Maximum Frame Size
Code in ATTRIB (Type B), greater than or equal to 8.
NOTE The aim of this requirement is to avoid forcing the contactless object to segment its long answers into
small frames, which would slow the transaction.
8 Requirements on contactless objects
8.1 General
This clause sets out the requirements applicable to contactless objects – PICC - hosting or liable to host
contactless ticketing applications, based on ISO/IEC 14443 standard.
Requirements described in 8.2, 8.3 and 8.4 are normative and mandatory for achieving interoperability.
Requirements described in 8.5 is informative only, hence not necessary to achieve interoperability.
Requirements on contactless objects are identified by a numbering format that reads [Objnn] where nn is
the number of the requirement.
8.2 Normative requirements for contactless objects
[Obj1] Contactless objects shall meet the mandatory normative requirements for PICC defined in the
ISO/IEC 14443 standard and associated ISO/IEC 10373-6 test methods standard listed in Clause 2
with the following temporary waiver:
The limits and test methods for electromagnetic disturbance parasitically generated by the PICC has
recently been standardised (ISO/IEC 14443-2:2010/Amd.1:2011,ISO/IEC 14443-3:2011/Amd.1:2011
and ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Amd.2:2012) and contactless objects in the field may not be compliant
with these standards. The electromagnetic disturbance requirements defined in these standards are
therefore informative for existing contactless objects. These electromagnetic disturbance
requirements are mandatory for contactless objects produced after the publication of this Technical
Specification.
NOTE Contactless object manufacturers are free to opt to conform or not to the EMVCo requirements (which cap the
bit rates capabilities indicated during the initialisation at 106 kbit/s in both directions).
8.3 Specific requirements for contactless objects
[Obj2] Contactless objects shall meet the "Class 1", "Class 2" or "Class 3" requirements of the
ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 10373-6 standards.
NOTE 1 Contactless objects with an antenna that doesn’t correspond to any of the ISO antenna classes will be
declared as unclassified and tested as for "Class 1" PICCs.
NOTE 2 The FWI limit has to be optimized for any contactless object in order to avoid over-slow reaction times when
withdrawing a contactless object or in response to communication bugs. This leaves, e.g. contactless object
manufacturers free to opt to conform to the EMVCo requirements, which limits the FWI to 7.
[Obj3] The contactless object shall comply with ISO/IEC 14443 recommendations on reception of bits and
values reserved for future use.
NOTE 3 This requirement is intended to offer future proofed implementation that will allow the same behaviour
to remain valid once new options in the ISO/IEC 14443 may use any of the RFU bits and/or values.
NOTE 4 These implementation requirements do not deal with contactless objects that do not comply with
ISO/IEC 14443-4, such as contactless tickets (or emulators thereof). This case is excluded from the scope of application
of these implementation requirements.
8.4 Requirements concerning field ramp-ups and shut-offs
The following behaviour pattern is required from contactless objects liable to answer positively to a PCD
reader polling sequence on several types of RF communication:
[Obj4] After a field ramp-up/re-ramp (whether due to an in-field movement of the contactless object or a
contactless reader-triggered field shut-off), the contactless object shall only answer according to a
single operating type (A or B), i.e. once it has sent back an ATQ in one type (A or B), it shall not emit
any other message in any other type until its field has been shut-off.
NOTE The field shut-offs can continue for any length of time and can be used, for example, to reduce or minimize
reader power demand (although this will mean slower transaction times for users).
8.5 Performance requirements (informative)
The following requirement is providing performance indications and is informative only.
[Obj5] The frame size supported by the contactless object in receiver mode should be at least 64 bytes.
Consequently, the contactless object should indicate an FSCI (Type A) or Maximum Frame Size
Code (Type B) greater than or equal to 6.
NOTE The aim of this requirement is to avoid forcing the contactless reader to segment its long commands into
small frames, which would slow the transaction.
9 Test boundaries and test conditions
9.1 Implementation characteristics
9.1.1 General
This paragraph describes the ICS (Implementation Conformance Statements) that manufacturers need to
provide, and listing the characteristics of the hardware to be tested:
— The ICS for contactless readers - PCD
— The ICS for contactless objects - PICC
NOTE 1 If a contactless device supports both modes (PCD and PICC) and the aim is to check its conformance under
both these modes, the manufacturer will need to run through two separate test campaigns and complete two ICSs.
NOTE 2 These implementation requirements are focused solely on the protocol conformance and interoperability
aspects. They do not describe performance tests or tests on the transaction times achieved with the contactless readers
and contactless objects under test.
9.1.2 ICS for contactless readers – PCD
This paragraph sets out the information that needs to be provided by contactless reader manufacturers when
filing a product validation request.
On top of the ICS describing the characteristics of the contactless reader to be tested, the manufacturer shall
also provide the test laboratories with the additional tools that enable the tests to be executed
...