EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011
(Main)Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds
Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds
This document describes a test method for the determination of the maximum explosion pressure of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial conditions of pressure and temperature.
This method is not suitable for use with recognised explosives, like gunpowder and dynamite, substances which do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric substances, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, expert advice should be sought.
Bestimmung der Explosionskenngrößen von Staub/Luft-Gemischen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdruckes pmax von Staub/Luft-Gemischen
Dieses Dokument legt ein Prüfverfahren für die Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdruckes von Staubwolken in einem geschlossenen Behälter unter definierten Anfangsbedingungen von Druck und Temperatur fest. Dieses Verfahren ist nicht geeignet für Sprengstoffe wie Schießpulver und Dynamit sowie Stoffe, die ohne Sauerstoff verbrennen, pyrophore Stoffe oder Stoffe bzw. Stoffgemische, die sich unter bestimmten Umständen ähnlich verhalten. Wenn Zweifel über eventuell vorhandene Gefährdungen durch die Explosions-wirkung bestehen, sollten Fachleute zu Rate gezogen werden.
Détermination des caractéristiques d'explosion des nuages de poussière - Partie 1: Détermination de la pression maximale d'explosion pmax des nuages de poussière
La présente norme décrit une méthode d'essai permettant de déterminer la pression maximale d'explosion des
nuages de poussière dans un récipient fermé, dans des conditions initiales définies de pression et de température.
Cette méthode ne convient pas aux explosifs reconnus comme tels, comme la poudre et la dynamite, aux explosifs
dont la combustion ne nécessite pas d'oxygène, aux substances pyrophoriques ou aux substances ou mélanges
de substances pouvant, dans certaines circonstances, se comporter de manière similaire. Lorsqu'il existe un
doute sur l'existence d'un phénomène dangereux en raison de propriétés explosives, il convient de faire appel
à l'avis d'experts.
Ugotavljanje eksplozijskih značilnosti oblakov prahu - 1. del: Ugotavljanje najvišjega tlaka eksplozije pmax oblakov prahu
Ta dokument opisuje preskusno metodo za ugotavljanje najvišjega tlaka eksplozije oblakov prahu v zaprti posodi pod opredeljenimi začetnimi pogoji glede tlaka in temperature.
Ta metoda ni primerna za uporabo s priznanimi eksplozivi, kot so smodnik in dinamit, snovi, ki za izgorevanje ne potrebujejo kisika, piroforne snovi ali snovi ali zmesi snovi, ki se lahko v nekaterih okoliščinah podobno obnašajo. Kadar obstaja kakršen koli dvom o nevarnosti zaradi eksplozivnih lastnosti, je treba poiskati strokovni nasvet.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 11-Jan-2011
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 08-Jan-2023
- Completion Date
- 28-Jan-2026
Relations
- Effective Date
- 19-Jan-2023
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
Overview
EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011 (CEN) specifies a laboratory test method for determining the maximum explosion pressure (pmax) of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial pressure and temperature. The standard establishes how to measure the highest overpressure produced by ignition of a combustible dust/air mixture and provides the data needed for explosion protection, hazard assessment and safe equipment design. It is not applicable to recognized explosives, pyrophoric materials, substances not requiring oxygen for combustion, or mixtures that may behave similarly.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Scope and limitations: Method for dust clouds only; expert advice required if explosive behavior is uncertain.
- Test vessels: Standard apparatus is a 1 m³ explosion-resistant vessel (spherical or cylindrical). A 20 L sphere is provided as an alternative (Annex C).
- Dust dispersion system: Includes a dust container (≈5.4 dm³), a fast-acting valve (blasting-cap activated), connecting tube (≤350 mm) and a perforated dust disperser (specified hole pattern). Valve opening time <10 ms.
- Ignition source: Two electrically fired pyrotechnic igniters (nominal 5 kJ each) positioned centrally, fired in opposite directions to ensure consistent ignition.
- Instrumentation: At least two pressure sensors with heads flush to the vessel wall; required accuracy ±0.1 bar and time resolution ≤1 ms. Control unit sequences dispersion, ignition and data recording.
- Sample characterization: Particle size distribution and moisture content must be reported (pmax increases with finer particles and lower moisture). Volatile content and particle shape (spherical, flat, fibrous) may also be relevant.
- Procedure elements: Defined initial pressure/temperature, multiple concentration tests across explosive range, calibration and verification, safety precautions and detailed test reporting.
Applications and Users
- Who uses it: Process safety engineers, hazardous-area specialists, industrial hygienists, OEMs of dust-handling equipment, independent test laboratories and regulatory bodies.
- Practical uses:
- Establishing pmax for hazard assessments and risk analysis.
- Designing explosion-resistant equipment and protective systems (venting, suppression).
- Supporting compliance with workplace safety and ATEX/IED directives.
- Input data for mitigation sizing (e.g., vent area, suppression capacity).
Related Standards
- EN 14034 series:
- Part 2 - (dp/dt)max (maximum rate of pressure rise / KSt)
- Part 3 - LEL (lower explosion limit)
- Part 4 - LOC (limiting oxygen concentration)
- EN 14460 - Explosion resistant equipment (normative reference)
EN 14034-1 provides essential, standardized pmax data for reliable dust explosion protection planning and safe equipment design. Keywords: dust explosion, maximum explosion pressure, pmax, EN 14034, dust cloud testing, explosion protection.
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds". This standard covers: This document describes a test method for the determination of the maximum explosion pressure of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial conditions of pressure and temperature. This method is not suitable for use with recognised explosives, like gunpowder and dynamite, substances which do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric substances, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, expert advice should be sought.
This document describes a test method for the determination of the maximum explosion pressure of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial conditions of pressure and temperature. This method is not suitable for use with recognised explosives, like gunpowder and dynamite, substances which do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric substances, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, expert advice should be sought.
EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.230 - Explosion protection. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 14034-1:2004, EN 14460:2018, EN ISO 15138:2018, EN ISO 15138:2007. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/34/EU, 94/9/EC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.RWDYOMDQMHBestimmung der Explosionskenngrößen von Staub/Luft-Gemischen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdruckes pmax von Staub/Luft-GemischenDétermination des caractéristiques d'explosion des nuages de poussière - Partie 1: Détermination de la pression maximale d'explosion pmax des nuages de poussièreDetermination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds13.230Varstvo pred eksplozijoExplosion protectionICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011en,fr,de01-maj-2011SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14034-1:2004+A1
January 2011 ICS 13.230 Supersedes EN 14034-1:2004English Version
Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds
Détermination des caractéristiques d'explosion des nuages de poussière - Partie 1: Détermination de la pression maximale d'explosion pmax des nuages de poussière
Bestimmung der Explosionskenngrößen von Staub/Luft-Gemischen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdruckes pmax von Staub/Luft-Gemischen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 July 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 November 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14034-1:2004+A1:2011: ESIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
Electro pneumatic valve . 17Annex B (normative)
Dust disperser with 5 mm holes . 19Annex C (normative)
20 l sphere . 23C.1General . 23C.2Test apparatus . 23C.3Test conditions . 23C.4Test procedure . 24C.5Calculation and correction of pmax . 25Annex ZA (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC"""" . 26Bibliography . 27
!". This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This document includes a Bibliography. This document is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 14034-1,Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds; !EN 14034-2", Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds; !EN 14034-3", Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds – Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds; EN 14034-4, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds – Part 4: Determination of the limiting oxygen concentration LOC of dust clouds. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
!deleted text" SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
This method is not suitable for use with recognised explosives, like gunpowder and dynamite, substances which do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric substances, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, expert advice should be sought. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
!EN 14460", Explosion resistant equipment. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dust small solid particles in the atmosphere which settle out under their own weight, but which may remain suspended in air for some time (includes dust and grit, as defined in ISO 4225) NOTE Generally maximum particle size will not exceed 500 µm. 3.2 combustible dust dust able to undergo an exothermic reaction with air when ignited NOTE The terms “flammable” and “combustible” are used synonymously. 3.3 explosion pressure pex the highest overpressure occurring during an explosion of a dust cloud in a closed vessel 3.4 explosive atmosphere mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable (combustible) substances in the form of gases, vapours, mists or dusts, in which, after ignition has occurred, combustion spreads to the entire unburned mixture 3.5 ignition delay tv time between the initiation of the dust dispersion and the activation of the ignition source 3.6 initial pressure pi the pressure in the explosion vessel at the moment of ignition SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
20 bar. The apparatus shall be fitted with electrical and/or mechanical cut-offs as far as possible to ensure that any openings in the vessel (e.g. main door, instrument ports, inlet or outlet) are properly closed before a test procedure can start. The apparatus shall also be equipped as far as possible to ensure that any residual pressure inside the vessel is vented before the vessel can be opened. SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
Key 1 Pressure sensor
5 Dust container 2 Chemical igniters
6 Fast acting valve 3 Inlet for purge air
7 Connecting tube 4 Dust disperser
8 Outlet for exhaust gas Figure 1 — 1 m³ vessel (schematic) SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
4.3 Dust dispersion system (dust container, fast acting valve, connecting tube, dust disperser) The dust to be dispersed is charged into a dust container having a volume of 5,4 dm³. Its aspect ratio is 3:1. It is designed to withstand an internal overpressure of at least 20 bar (see Figure 2). The dust container has an outlet at the base, through which the dust leaves the container. This outlet is closed by a fast acting valve activated by a blasting cap. The valve has a mushroom-shaped seal. The seal is held in position against the pressure in the dust container by a small ring. The ring is destroyed by firing a blasting cap and the valve opens due to the pressure inside the dust container (see Figure 2). The valve shall be designed so that it opens in less than 10 ms. For alternative valves see annex A. The fast acting valve is connected to the side of the explosion vessel. The connecting tube between the fast acting valve and the dust disperser shall be not longer than 350 mm (see Figure 1). SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
Key 1 Dust container 5 Protective hood 2 Mushroom shaped seal 6 Protective hood 3 Seal housing 7 Blasting cap 4 Support ring 8 Connecting tube Figure 2 — Dust container with blasting cap activated valve as commonly used for explosion suppression (schematic; it is commercially available) SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
Key 1 6 mm hole 2 End cap with 6 mm hole Figure 3 — Location of the 6 mm holes in the dust disperser
(e. g. EN ISO 1127, DN 20, ¾") SIST EN 14034-1:2005+A1:2011
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