prEN ISO 22477-5

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2010
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Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical structures - Part 5:
Testing of anchorages (ISO/DIS 22477-5:2009)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung von geotechnischen Bauwerken
und Bauwerksteilen - Teil 5: Ankerprüfungen (ISO/DIS 22477-5:2009)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais des structures géotechniques - Partie
5 : Essai du tirant d'ancrage (ISO/DIS 22477-5:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 22477-5
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2009
ICS 93.020
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical
structures - Part 5: Testing of anchorages (ISO/DIS 22477-
5:2009)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais des Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung
structures géotechniques - Partie 5 : Essai du tirant
von geotechnischen Bauwerken und Bauwerksteilen - Teil
d'ancrage (ISO/DIS 22477-5:2009) 5: Ankerprüfungen (ISO/DIS 22477-5:2009)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 22477-5:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 22477-5:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
“Geotechnical Investigation and Testing”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22477-5
ISO/TC 182/SC 1 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on Voting terminates on

2009-12-17 2010-05-17
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION  •  МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ  •  ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of geotechnical
structures —
Part 5:
Testing of anchorages
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais de structures géotechniques —
Partie 5: Essai du tirant d'ancrage
ICS 93.020
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and
processed under the CEN-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member bodies for a parallel
five-month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be
submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.

In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated
in the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est
distribué en version anglaise seulement.

To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.

THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO
AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO WHICH
REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY
ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©  International Organization for Standardization, 2009

ISO/DIS 22477-5
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 22477-5
Contents Page
Foreword . vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols . 2
4 Equipment . 4
4.1 Test loading set-up . 4
4.2 Reaction system . 5
4.3 Loading device . 5
4.4 Load measurement . 6
4.5 Displacement measurement . 6
4.6 Time and temperature measurement . 6
5 Test procedures . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Method 1: Cyclic tension test with displacement measurement at peak load . 7
5.3 Method 2: Cyclic tension test with loss of load measurement at peak load . 7
5.4 Method 3: Step-loaded maintained tension test . 7
6 Test report . 7
6.1 Investigation and suitability tests . 7
6.2 Acceptance test . 8
Annex A (normative) Test Procedure: Method 1 . 10
A.1 Investigation test procedure . 10
A.1.1 Test anchors . 10
A.1.2 Time period between installation and testing . 10
A.1.3 Test execution . 11
A.1.4 Test results . 14
A.2 Suitability test procedure . 14
A.2.1 General . 14
A.2.2 Test anchor . 14
A.2.3 Time period between installation and testing . 14
A.2.4 Test execution . 14
A.2.5 Test results . 17
A.3 Acceptance test procedure . 17
A.3.1 General . 17
A.3.2 Time period between installation and testing . 17
A.3.3 Test execution . 17
A.3.4 Test results . 19
Annex B (informative) Examples of test reports: Method 1 . 20
B.1 Investigation test . 21
B.2 Suitability test . 22
B.3 Acceptance test . 23
Annex C (normative) Test procedure: Method 2 . 24
C.1 Investigation test procedure . 24
C.1.1 General . 24
C.1.2 Test anchors . 24
ISO/DIS 22477-5
C.1.3 Time period between installation and testing .25
C.1.4 Test execution .25
C.1.5 Test results .27
C.2 Suitability test procedure .27
C.2.1 General .27
C.2.2 Test anchor .27
C.2.3 Time period between installation and loading .28
C.2.4 Test execution .28
C.2.5 Test results .30
C.3 Acceptance test procedure .30
C.3.1 General .30
C.3.2 Time between installation and testing .31
C.3.3 Test execution .31
C.3.4 Test results .33
Annex D (informative) Examples of test reports: Method 2 .34
D.1 Investigation test .35
D.2 Suitability test .36
D.3 Acceptance test .37
Annex E (normative) Test procedure: Method 3 .38
E.1 Investigation test procedure .38
E.1.1 General .38
E.1.2 Test anchors .38
E.1.3 Time period between installation and testing .39
E.1.4 Test execution .39
E.1.5 Test results .41
E.2 Suitability test procedure .41
E.2.1 General .41
E.2.2 Test anchor .41
E.2.3 Time period between installation and testing .42
E.2.4 Test execution .42
E.2.5 Test results .44
E.3 Acceptance test procedure .44
E.3.1 General .44
E.3.2 Time period between installation and testing .45
E.3.3 Test execution .45
E.3.4 Test results .47
Annex F (informative) Examples of test reports: Method 3 .49
F.1 Investigation test .50
F.2 Suitability test .51
F.3 Acceptance test .52
Annex G (informative) Guidance on allowable α (Method 1) and test interpretation .53
G.1 Determination of α .53
G.2 Suitability test .54
G.3 Acceptance test .54
Annex H (informative) Guidance on allowable k and on test interpretation: Method 2 .56
i
H.1 Permissible cumulative loss of load k .56
l
H.1.1 Investigation test .56
H.1.2 Suitability test .56
H.1.3 Acceptance test .56
H.2 Determination of the anchor critical resistance R .56
c
H.3 Determination of the anchor pull out resistance R .57
a
Annex I (informative) Guidance on allowable α and test interpretation: Method 3 .59
I.1 Determination of α .59
I.1.1 Allowable value of α for suitability tests .59
I.1.2 Allowable value of α for acceptance tests .60
I.2 Determination of the critical creep load P .60
c
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 22477-5
I.3 Determination of anchor pull out resistance R . 61
a
Annex J (informative) Evaluation of the apparent tendon free length . 63
J.1 General . 63
J.2 Determination of friction resistance . 63
J.3 Tolerances . 64

Figures
Figure 1 — Sketch of a ground anchor (details of anchor head and head protection omitted) . 4
Figure 2 — Test loading set-up (example for an investigation test) . 5
Figure A.1 — Loading procedure – Investigation test method 1 . 12
Figure A.2 — Plot of increase of displacements vs. number of cycles . 13
Figure A.3 — Loading procedure – Suitability test method 1 . 15
Figure A.4 — Loading procedure – Acceptance test method 1 . 18
Figure B.1 — Cyclic tension test (Method 1) – Example of investigation test report . 21
Figure B.2 — Cyclic tension test (Method 1) – Example of suitability test report . 22
Figure B.3 — Cyclic tension test (Method 1) – Example of acceptance test report . 23
Figure C.1 — Loading procedure – Investigation test method 2 . 26
Figure C.2 — Loading procedure – Suitability test method 2 (permanent anchorage) . 29
Figure C.3 — Loading procedure – Acceptance test method 2 (permanent anchorages) . 32
Figure D.1 — Cyclic tension test (Method 2) – Example of investigation test report . 35
Figure D.2 — Cyclic tension test (Method 2) – Example of suitability test report . 36
Figure D.3 — Cyclic tension test (Method 2) – Example of acceptance test report . 37
Figure E.1 — Loading procedure – Investigation test method 3 . 40
Figure E.2 — Loading procedure – Suitability test method 3 . 43
Figure E.3 — Loading procedure – Acceptance test method 3 . 46
Figure F.1 — Maintained tension test (Method 3) – Example of investigation test report . 50
Figure F.2 — Maintained tension test (Method 3) – Example of suitability test report . 51
Figure F.3 — Maintained tension test (Method 3) – Example of acceptance test report . 52
Figure G.1 — Time displacement plot for calculation the creep ratio α . 53
Figure H.1 — Determination of the anchor critical resistance – Investigation test . 57
Figure H.2 — Determination of the anchor pull out resistance – Investigation test . 58
Figure I.1 — Determination of the slope of the stabilization curve at constant load . 59
ISO/DIS 22477-5
Figure I.2 — Determination of the anchor critical resistance – Investigation test. 61
Figure I.3 — Determination of the anchor pull out resistance – Investigation test – Method 3 . 62
Figure J.1 — Estimate of elastic stiffness where there is significant friction . 64

Tables
Table A.1 — Loading procedure – Investigation test method 1 . 12
Table A.2 — Loading procedure – Suitability test method 1 . 16
Table A.3— Loading procedure – Acceptance test method 1 . 18
Table C.1 — Loading procedure – Investigation test method 2 . 26
Table C.2 — Loading procedure – Suitability test method 2 . 29
Table C.3 — Loading procedure – Acceptance test method 2 . 32
Table E.1 — Loading procedure – Investigation test method 3 . 40
Table E.2 — Loading procedure – Suitability test method 3 . 43
Table E.3 — Loading procedure without cycle – Acceptance test method 3 . 46
Table E.4 — Loading procedure with cycle – Acceptance test method 3 . 46
Table G.1 — Suitability tests: observation times on allowable displacements or creep ratios at proof load P 54
p
Table G.2 — Observation times and permissible displacements and creep ratios at the proof load P of
p
acceptance tests . 55
Table H.1 — Permissible cumulative loss of load k . 56
l
vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 22477-5
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22477-5 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182,
Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 01, Geotechnical testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 22477 consists of the following parts, under preparation, under the general title Geotechnical investigation
and testing — Testing of geotechnical structures:
⎯ Part 1: Pile load test by static axially loaded compression
⎯ Part 2: Pile load test by static axially loaded tension
⎯ Part 3: Pile load test by static transversally loaded tension
⎯ Part 4: Pile load test by dynamic axially loaded compression test
⎯ Part 5: Testing of anchorages
⎯ Part 6: Testing of nailing
⎯ Part 7: Testing of reinforced fill
ISO/DIS 22477-5
Introduction
Various in-situ tests may be carried out on ground anchors (Investigation test, Suitability test, Acceptance test)
and different stressing procedures may be followed (method 1: cyclic tension test with displacement
measurement at peak load; method 2: cyclic tension test with loss of load measurement at peak load; method
3: step-loaded maintained tension test) up to a proof tension or up to the ultimate soil-anchor resistance.
The present document concerns method 1, method 2 and method 3.
viii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22477-5

Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of geotechnical
structures —
Part 5:
Testing of anchorages
1 Scope
(1) This Standard establishes specifications for the execution of tension load tests where an anchor grouted
in the ground, as defined in EN 1997-1, is loaded by step (method 3) or in incremental cycles (methods 1 and
2) from a datum load to a maximum test load. The displacement of the anchor head is measured over a period
of time at each step (method 3) or at maximum load in each incremental cycle (method 1). The loss of load is
measured over a period of time, at maximum load after lock off, in each incremental cycle (method 2).
(2) This standard provides specifications for three types of tension tests: investigation tests, suitability tests
and acceptance tests. These tests are defined by EN 1997-1 as:
- tests aimed at estimating the pull-out resistance (investigation tests),

NOTE 1 From these tests, other information, such as the critical creep load, may be obtained.

- tests aimed at checking the suitability of the execution method in the actual conditions of the construction
site (suitability tests),
NOTE 2 Normally this test is done on a working anchor with a proof load equal to that used for acceptance test. If higher
load is applied, this test must be considered as an investigation test and the anchor cannot be used as working anchor.

- Tests aimed at checking that each anchor will resist at least the design load (acceptance tests).
(3) For the different types of tests only one method shall be used in each project. The method must be
prescribed in the project specifications.

(4) The standard provides specifications for the experimental devices, the measurement apparatus, the test
procedures, the definition and the presentation of the test results and the content of records.
(5) Guidance is given on the determination of the measured value of the pull out resistance R of an anchor on
a
the basis of investigation tests and for checking of the displacement behaviour of an anchor on the basis of
suitability tests and acceptance tests.
(6) This standard shall be used in conjunction with EN 1997-1 and EN 1537.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1537, Execution of special geotechnical works – Ground anchors
EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1: General rules
EN 1993 or EN 1992, for rules for tension of pre-stress steel.
ISO/DIS 22477-5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1997-1 and EN 1537 and the
following apply.
3.1.1
preliminary anchor
anchor which is installed before the commencement of the anchoring works for the purpose of establishing the
suitability of the chosen type of anchors and for confirming its design, dimensions and tension resistance.
3.1.2
working anchor
anchor that is part of a structure
3.1.3
estimated anchor pull out resistance
ultimate resistance of the ground-anchor interaction determined on the basis of comparable experience or
numerical calculation before the test
3.1.4
anchor pull-out resistance
limit pull out force of an anchor
3.1.5
critical creep load
load corresponding to the end of the first pseudo linear part of the “α versus load diagram”

3.1.6
anchor tendon resistance
ultimate structural resistance of an anchor tendon.

3.2 Symbols
A Cross sectional area of anchor tendon
t
E Elastic apparent modulus of anchor tendon
t
f Friction loss as a percentage of P
p
k Load loss
l
L Apparent tendon free length
app
L External length of tendon measured at P from the tendon anchorage in the anchor head to the
e a
anchorage point in the stressing jack
L Fixed anchor length
fixed
L Free anchor length
free
L Tendon length
t
L Tendon bond length
tb
L Tendon free length
tf
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 22477-5
P Load on an anchor
P Datum load
a
P Critical creep load
c
P Anchor lock-off load
o
P Proof load
p
P Anchor ultimate load determined in an Investigation test
u
R Anchor pull-out resistance
a
R Estimated anchor pull-out resistance
e
s Anchor head displacement
s Anchor head displacement under datum load P
o a
t Time from application of load increment or load lock-off
α Slope of “creep displacement vs. decimal logarithm of time” plot from method 1
α Slope of “creep displacement vs. decimal logarithm of time” plot from method 3
∆P Difference between proof load and anchor datum load
∆P Friction loss
f
∆s Measured extension of anchor tendon under load increment ∆P
ISO/DIS 22477-5
Key
1 Anchorage point at jack during stressing
2 Anchorage point at anchor head in service
3 Bearing plate
4 Load transfer block
5 Structural element
6 Soil/rock
7 Borehole
8 Debonding sleeve
9 Tendon
10 Grout body
Figure 1 — Sketch of a ground anchor (details of anchor head and head protection omitted)
4 Equipment
4.1 Test loading set-up
(1) The test loading set-up comprises of a stressing device, displacement and load monitoring devices, a
reaction system, associated locking nuts, extension pieces and packing, etc.
NOTE An example of an investigation test loading set-up is given in Figure 2. Where possible it is better to measure
the load between the loading device and the bearing plate to avoid the determination of the friction in the jack.
(2) The test loading system shall be designed to operate safely up to the maximum test load (proof load P ).
p
4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 22477-5
Key
1 Displacement monitoring
2 Load monitoring
3 Stressing device
4 Reaction system
5 Tendon
6 Hydraulic system
Figure 2 — Test loading set-up (example for an investigation test)
4.2 Reaction system
(1) The reaction system shall be designed to have a structural resistance at least equal to the maximum test
load (P ), according to the relevant EN standards.
p
(2) The reaction system should be designed to avoid excessive deformation at the maximum test load. In
some cases (for example anchored sheet-pile walls) this is not possible due to soil conditions or staged
construction. In that case extra measurements should be performed to determine the displacement of the
structure itself during testing.
(3) The reaction system should be designed so as not to affect the test results, nor to impose loads in excess
of the safe bearing capacity of the retaining structure.
4.3 Loading device
(1) The stressing device, normally a hydraulically operated jack, shall have a capacity at least equal to the
maximum test load.
(2) The extension of the jack should be sufficient to avoid reseating during the test.
(3) The extension of the jack should be greater than the sum of the displacement of the anchor head under
the maximum load and the displacement of the reaction system. In cases where a single jack cannot provide
the necessary extension, such as for very long anchors, special equipment (e.g. multiple jacks) shall be used.
ISO/DIS 22477-5
(4) The equipment (hydraulic jack, pumping unit, etc.) shall be capable of safely tensioning the tendon
smoothly and axially, in accordance with the test procedure. The load shall not be applied or released quicker
than 10 kN per second (see Annexes A, C and E test procedures).
(5) Stressing equipment for bar and strand tendons should tension the complete tendon as a single unit.
(6) Stressing equipment which tensions individual strands not simultaneously should be provided with or be
supplemented by measuring devices which establish the total load in the multiple strands at any time during
testing. Alternatively accurate lift-off checks should be undertaken.
4.4 Load measurement
(1) The load P shall be measured with an appropriate device.
(2) The load may be measured either indirectly (e.g. by means of a calibrated pressure gauge, monitoring the
hydraulic pressure in the stressing device) or directly (e.g. by the use of a load cell).
(3) The allowable minimum accuracy of the measured load shall be the larger values of:
⎯ 2 % of the measured value or 10 kN, for methods 1 and 3;
⎯ 0,5 % of the measured value or 5 kN, for method 2.
Where relevant, the calibration test shall include the stressing device.
(4) Pressure gauges and load cells used to measure the load shall be calibrated within 1 year before carrying
out the test. The calibration certificates shall be made available for inspection on site at all times.
4.5 Displacement measurement
(1) The displacements of the tendon head shall be measured with an appropriate device. The support for the
displacement gauges shall be remote from the stressing device and reaction system and be sufficiently rigid
so as not to be influenced by climatic effects, or background vibrations.
(2) The measurement accuracy on the displacement shall be the larger values of 0,1 mm or 1 % of the
measured value.
(3) The displacement gauges used shall be calibrated within 1 year before carrying out the test.
(4) Displacement gauges should be capable of monitoring the extension of the anchor head, throughout the
test, without the need for reseating.
(5) Where relevant, for example when the reaction system cannot be designed to avoid excessive deformation,
the displacement of the reaction system should also be measured with an appropriate device, throughout the
test.
4.6 Time and temperature measurement
(1) The accuracy of the measured time shall be equal or less than 1 s.
(2) The accuracy of the measured temperature shall equal or be less than 1 °C.
6 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 22477-5
5 Test procedures
5.1 General
For the different typ
...