EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011
(Main)Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds
Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds
This standard describes a test method for the determination of the lower explosion limit of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial conditions of pressure and temperature.
This method is not suitable for use with recognised explosives, like gunpowder and dynamite, explosives which do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric substances, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, expert advice should be sought.
Bestimmung der Explosionskenngrößen von Staub/Luft-Gemischen - Teil 3: Bestimmung der unteren Explosionsgrenze UEG von Staub/Luft-Gemischen
Diese Norm legt ein Prüfverfahren für die Bestimmung der unteren Explosionsgrenze von Staubwolken in einem geschlossenen Behälter unter definierten Anfangsbedingungen von Druck und Temperatur fest.
Dieses Verfahren ist nicht geeignet für Sprengstoffe, wie Schießpulver und Dynamit sowie Stoffe, die ohne Sauerstoff verbrennen, pyrophore Stoffe oder Stoffe bzw. Stoffgemische, die sich unter bestimmten Umständen ähnlich verhalten. Wenn Zweifel über eventuell vorhandene Gefährdungen durch die Explosionswirkung bestehen, sollten Fachleute zu Rate gezogen werden.
Détermination des caractéristiques d'explosion des nuages de poussière - Partie 3: Détermination de la limite inférieure d'explosivité LIE des nuages de poussière
La présente Norme spécifie une méthode d’essai pour déterminer la limite inférieure d’explosivité des nuages de poussière dans un récipient fermé, dans des conditions initiales de pression et de températures définies.
Cette méthode ne convient pas aux explosifs reconnus comme tels, comme la poudre et la dynamite, aux explosifs dont la combustion ne nécessite pas d’oxygène, aux substances pyrophoriques ou aux substances et mélanges de substances pouvant, dans certaines circonstances, se comporter de manière similaire. Lorsqu’il existe un doute sur l’existence d’un phénomène dangereux en raison de propriétés explosives, il convient de faire appel à l’avis d’experts.
Ugotavljanje eksplozijskih značilnosti oblakov prahu - 3. del: Ugotavljanje spodnje meje eksplozivnosti SME oblakov prahu
Ta standard opisuje preskusno metodo za ugotavljanje spodnje meje eksplozivnosti oblakov prahu v zaprti posodi v opredeljenih začetnih razmerah glede tlaka in temperature.
Ta metoda ni primerna za uporabo s priznanimi eksplozivi, kot so smodnik in dinamit, eksplozivi, ki za izgorevanje ne potrebujejo kisika, piroforne snovi ali snovi ali zmesi snovi, ki se lahko v nekaterih okoliščinah podobno obnašajo. Kadar obstaja kakršen koli dvom o nevarnosti zaradi eksplozivnih lastnosti, je treba poiskati strokovni nasvet.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 11-Jan-2011
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 01-Dec-2020
- Completion Date
- 23-Sep-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 19-Jan-2023
Overview
EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 - published by CEN - specifies a laboratory test method to determine the lower explosion limit (LEL) of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial pressure and temperature. The LEL is the lowest combustible dust concentration in air at which an explosion occurs. This standard supports explosion hazard identification and prevention but excludes recognised explosives (e.g., gunpowder, dynamite), substances that do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric materials, or mixtures that may behave similarly.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Test purpose: Experimental determination of the LEL of dust/air mixtures.
- Standard apparatus:
- Primary vessel: explosion-resistant 1 m³ spherical or cylindrical vessel (per EN 14460); cylindrical aspect ratio 1:1 ±10%. Recommended design pressure ≥20 bar.
- Alternative: 20 L sphere (see Annex C) for specific tests.
- Dust dispersion system:
- Dust container volume 5.4 dm³, closed by a fast-acting valve (blast-activated or electro-pneumatic). Valve opening time <10 ms; connecting tube ≤350 mm.
- Standard dust disperser: perforated semicircular pipe (internal Ø 21.7 mm) with 13 holes (6 mm); Annex B describes alternative dispersers (rebound nozzle, dispersion cup) for difficult powders.
- Ignition source: Two electrically fired pyrotechnic igniters (nominal calorimetric energy 5 kJ each), located at vessel centre and fired in opposite directions.
- Measurements and controls: Control unit sequences dispersion, ignition and recording. Pressure system requires at least two sensors, accuracy ±0.1 bar and time resolution ≤1 ms.
- Sample characterisation: Particle size distribution (note: dust generally ≤500 µm) and moisture content of the tested sample must be reported because LEL decreases with smaller particle size and lower moisture.
- Procedure support: Calibration, verification, safety instructions and detailed test reporting are mandated. Annexes cover valve designs, disperser geometries and the 20 L sphere setup.
Applications
- Hazard identification and quantitative assessment of dust explosion risk.
- Design and verification of explosion protection systems (venting, suppression, inerting).
- Safety evaluation in industries handling combustible dusts: food, pharmaceuticals, wood processing, chemicals, metallurgy.
- Input data for risk assessments, process safety management and compliance with EU directives (e.g., relating to potentially explosive atmospheres).
Who should use this standard
- Industrial safety engineers and process safety specialists
- Accredited testing laboratories performing dust explosion testing
- Manufacturers of powders and handling equipment
- Regulatory bodies and certification bodies assessing explosion protection
Related standards
- EN 14034 series (Parts 1, 2, 3, 4) - pmax, (dp/dt)max, LEL, LOC
- EN 14460 - explosion resistant equipment
- Annex ZA provides relationship to EU Directive 94/9/EC (ATEX-related requirements)
Keywords: EN 14034-3, lower explosion limit, LEL, dust clouds, dust explosion testing, explosion protection, 1 m³ vessel, 20 L sphere, dust disperser, pressure sensors.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds". This standard covers: This standard describes a test method for the determination of the lower explosion limit of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial conditions of pressure and temperature. This method is not suitable for use with recognised explosives, like gunpowder and dynamite, explosives which do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric substances, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, expert advice should be sought.
This standard describes a test method for the determination of the lower explosion limit of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial conditions of pressure and temperature. This method is not suitable for use with recognised explosives, like gunpowder and dynamite, explosives which do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric substances, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, expert advice should be sought.
EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.230 - Explosion protection. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 14034-3:2006. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/34/EU, 94/9/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bestimmung der Explosionskenngrößen von Staub/Luft-Gemischen - Teil 3: Bestimmung der unteren Explosionsgrenze UEG von Staub/Luft-GemischenDétermination des caractéristiques d'explosion des nuages de poussière - Partie 3: Détermination de la limite inférieure d'explosivité LIE des nuages de poussièreDetermination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds13.230Varstvo pred eksplozijoExplosion protectionICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011SIST EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011en,fr,de01-maj-2011SIST EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14034-3:2006+A1
January 2011 ICS 13.230 Supersedes EN 14034-3:2006English Version
Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds Détermination des caractéristiques d'explosion des nuages de poussière - Partie 3: Détermination de la limite inférieure d'explosivité LIE des nuages de poussière
Bestimmung der Explosionskenngrößen von Staub/Luft-Gemischen - Teil 3: Bestimmung der unteren Explosionsgrenze UEG von Staub/Luft-Gemischen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 April 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 November 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011: ESIST EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011
Electro Pneumatic Valve . 18Annex B (normative)
Dust disperser with 5 mm holes . 20Annex C (normative)
20 l sphere . 23C.1 General . 23C.2 Test apparatus . 23C.3 Test conditions . 24C.4 Test procedure . 24Annex ZA (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC"""" . 26Bibliography . 27Figures Figure 1 — 1 m³ vessel (schematic) . 8Figure 2 — Dust container with blasting cap activated valve as commonly used for explosion suppression (schematic; it is commercially available) . 9Figure 3 — Location of the 6 mm holes in the dust disperser . 11Figure 4 — Dust dispersion and pressure-time curve . 14Figure 5 — Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL . 15Figure A.1 — Electro Pneumatic Valve (schematic) . 18Figure A.2 — Discharge characteristic of dust dispersers (without dust) . 19SIST EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011
!". This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives. For relationship with the EU Directive 94/9/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 14034 "Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds" – Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds; – Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds; – Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds; – Part 4: Determination of the limiting oxygen concentration LOC of dust clouds. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1 Scope This standard describes a test method for the determination of the lower explosion limit of dust clouds in a closed vessel under defined initial conditions of pressure and temperature.
This method is not suitable for use with recognised explosives, like gunpowder and dynamite, explosives which do not require oxygen for combustion, pyrophoric substances, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, expert advice should be sought. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14460, Explosion resistant equipment 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dust small solid particles in the atmosphere which settle out under their own weight, but which may remain suspended in air for some time (includes dust and grit, as defined in ISO 4225) NOTE Generally maximum particle size will not exceed 500 µm. 3.2 combustible dust dust able to undergo an exothermic reaction with air when ignited NOTE The terms “flammable” and “combustible” are used synonymously. 3.3 explosion pressure pex highest overpressure occurring during an explosion of a dust cloud in a closed vessel 3.4 explosive atmosphere mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable (combustible) substances in the form of gases, vapours, mists or dusts, in which, after ignition has occurred, combustion spreads to the entire unburned mixture 3.5 ignition delay tv time between the initiation of the dust dispersion and the activation of the ignition source SIST EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011
Key 1 pressure sensor
5 dust container 2 chemical igniters
6 fast acting valve 3 inlet for purge air
7 connecting tube 4 dust disperser
8 outlet for exhaust gas Figure 1 — 1 m³ vessel (schematic)
Key 1 dust container
5 protective hood 2 mushroom shaped seal
6 protective hood 3 seal housing
7 blasting cap 4 support ring
8 connecting tube Figure 2 — Dust container with blasting cap activated valve as commonly used for explosion suppression (schematic; it is commercially available)
For dispersing the dust, a perforated semicircular spray pipe (dust disperser) is mounted inside the explosion vessel, concentric with its wall. The spray pipe, with an internal diameter of 21,7 mm1) is fitted with 13 holes of a diameter of 6 mm (incl. one hole in each end cap) which are located as shown in Figure 3 (see also Figure 1).
1) (e.g. EN ISO 1127, DN 20, 3/4") SIST EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011
...
SIST EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 표준은 먼지 구름의 폭발 특성을 결정하는 데 중요한 역할을 하는 문서입니다. 이 표준의 범위는 폐관 내에서 특정한 초기 압력과 온도 조건하에 먼지 구름의 하한 폭발 한계(LEL)를 결정하는 시험 방법을 규명하는 것입니다. 먼지 폭발 가능성을 평가하기 위한 기초적인 지침을 제공하며, 이는 산업 현장에서 매우 중요합니다. 이 표준의 강점은 체계적이고 반복 가능한 시험 방법을 제시하여, 다양한 상황에서 먼지 구름이 폭발에 필적할 수 있는지를 결정하는 데 유용하다는 점입니다. 이를 통해 안전한 작업 환경을 유지하고, 사고를 예방하는 데 기여할 수 있습니다. 또한, 공인된 폭발물, 산소를 필요로 하지 않는 폭발물, 자연 발화가 가능한 물질 등과 관련하여 명확한 사용 배제 사항을 제시하여, 사용자로 하여금 올바른 판단을 내릴 수 있도록 도와줍니다. 이 문서는 폭발 안전 관리 및 리스크 평가에 필수적이며, 산업에서 먼지 폭발의 위험성을 감소시키기 위한 예방 조치를 마련하는 데 전문성을 제공합니다. 이러한 배경에서 SIST EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 표준은 먼지 폭발 관련 연구 및 실무에서 지속적으로 참고되고 있으며, 그 중요성은 날로 증가하고 있습니다.
The standard EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 outlines a crucial test method for determining the lower explosion limit (LEL) of dust clouds, emphasizing safety in environments where airborne dust may present a significant hazard. The scope of this standard is specifically defined to address testing conditions within a closed vessel, which ensures that results are obtained under controlled initial pressure and temperature. This focus on specific testing conditions reinforces the reliability and consistency of the measurements taken, which are essential for assessing the explosion risks of various dust clouds. One of the key strengths of this standard is its clear delineation of applicability, as it explicitly states which materials and substances are not covered by the test method. These exceptions include recognized explosives such as gunpowder and dynamite, pyrophoric substances, and any materials that may exhibit hazardous explosive properties under certain conditions. By providing this clarity, the standard not only guides users on the appropriate use of the method but also underscores the necessity of obtaining expert advice when uncertainties regarding explosive characteristics exist. The relevance of EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 extends beyond mere compliance; it plays a critical role in ensuring workplace safety and environmental protection by allowing for the systematic evaluation of potential explosive hazards. This standard equips industries handling combustible dust with the necessary framework to assess risks and implement appropriate safety measures effectively. Its focus on scientifically sound testing practices makes it a significant resource for organizations striving to maintain safe operational environments in line with regulatory requirements. In summary, EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011 serves as a critical guideline in determining the lower explosion limit of dust clouds, ensuring both safety and precision in chemical hazard management.
EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011は、ダストクラウドの爆発特性の試験方法を定義する重要な基準です。この標準の目的は、閉じた容器内での定義された初期条件（圧力と温度）下におけるダストクラウドの下限爆発限界（LEL）を明確に特定することです。 この標準の強みは、実験における正確さと再現性の確保にあります。テスト方法は詳細に説明されており、正確な条件設定が求められるため、信頼性の高い結果を提供します。また、試験結果は、産業界における安全基準の確立に寄与し、事故防止のための重要な情報を提供します。 さらに、EN 14034-3は特定の危険物質に対する使用制限を明確にしており、火薬やダイナマイト、さらには燃焼に酸素を必要としない爆薬や自己燃焼物質に使用されないことを示しています。これにより、専門家によるアドバイスが必要な場合を考慮した安全性の向上を図っています。 全体的に、EN 14034-3:2006+A1:2011は産業界におけるダスト爆発リスクの評価において、非常に関連性の高い標準であり、特に粉じんによる爆発の危険性を低減するための重要な指針となっています。
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