EN ISO 4499-4:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2016
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SIST EN 24505:2000
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Hardmetals - Metallographic determination of microstructure - Part 4: Characterisation of
porosity, carbon defects and eta-phase content (ISO 4499-4:2016)
Hartmetalle - Metallographische Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur - Teil 4:
Charakterisierung von Porosität, Kohlenstofffehlern und Anteil an Eta-Phase (ISO 4499-
4:2016)
Métaux-durs - Détermination métallographique de la microstructure - Partie 4:
Caractérisation de la porosité, des défauts carbone et de la teneur en phase êta (ISO
4499-4:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4499-4:2016
ICS:
77.040.99 Druge metode za Other methods of testing of
preskušanje kovin metals
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 4499-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.040.99; 77.160 Supersedes EN 24505:1993
English Version
Hardmetals - Metallographic determination of
microstructure - Part 4: Characterisation of porosity,
carbon defects and eta-phase content (ISO 4499-4:2016)
Métaux-durs - Détermination métallographique de la Hartmetalle - Metallographische Bestimmung der
microstructure - Partie 4: Caractérisation de la Mikrostruktur - Teil 4: Charakterisierung von
porosité, des défauts carbone et de la teneur en phase Porosität, Kohlenstofffehlern und Anteil an Eta-Phase
êta (ISO 4499-4:2016) (ISO 4499-4:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 February 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4499-4:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 4499-4:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 "Powder
metallurgy".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 24505:1993.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4499-4:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4499-4:2016 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4499-4
First edition
2016-02-15
Hardmetals — Metallographic
determination of microstructure —
Part 4:
Characterisation of porosity, carbon
defects and eta-phase content
Métaux-durs — Détermination métallographique de la
microstructure —
Partie 4: Caractérisation de la porosité, des défauts carbone et de la
teneur en phase êta
Reference number
ISO 4499-4:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 4499-4:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
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copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 4499-4:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and Units . 1
5 Principle . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Calibration of measurement apparatus . 2
8 Preparation of test samples . 2
8.1 Methods of preparation . 2
8.2 Characterisation of porosity and carbon (graphite) defects . 3
8.3 Characterisation of eta-phase . 3
9 Procedure. 3
9.1 General . 3
9.2 Determination of porosity . 3
9.3 Determination of carbon defects . 4
9.4 Determination of the η-phase (eta-phase). 7
10 Uncertainty of measurement . 9
11 Test report . 9
Bibliography .10
ISO 4499-4:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee SC 4,
Sampling and testing methods for hardmetals.
This first edition of ISO 4499-4 cancels and replaces ISO 4505:1978, which has been technically revised.
ISO 4499 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hardmetals — Metallographic
determination of microstructure:
— Part 1: Photomicrographs and description
— Part 2: Measurement of WC grain size
— Part 3: Measurement of microstructural features in Ti (C,N) and WC/cubic carbide based hardmetals
— Part 4: Characterisation of porosity, carbon defects and eta-phase content
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 4499-4:2016(E)
Introduction
In standard WC/Co hardmetals, the chemistry, magnetic properties and density are generally controlled
[1][2][3]
so that only two phases WC and Co are present. The Co phase is an alloy and contains some W
and C in solid solution. The WC phase is stoichiometric. If the composition is either high or low in total
carbon content, then it is possible to see a third phase in the structure. For high C, this is graphite; for
low C, it is eta phase (η); typically, an M C or M C carbide where M is (Co W ). This part of ISO 4499
6 12 x y
is concerned with the detection and measurement of these microstructural features together with the
measurement of porosity levels. Porosity is important since these materials are manufactured by a
powder metallurgical route and although the technique of liquid phase sintering is used to consolidate
the multiphase structure, low levels of porosity can arise in some instances and affect properties such
as density and strength.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4499-4:2016(E)
Hardmetals — Metallographic determination of
microstructure —
Part 4:
Characterisation of porosity, carbon defects and eta-
phase content
1 Scope
This part
...