EN ISO 3691-1:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2015
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SIST EN ISO 3691-1:2012
SIST EN ISO 3691-1:2012/AC:2013
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Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial
trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO
3691-1:2011, including Cor 1:2013)
Sicherheit von Flurförderzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil 1:
Motorkraftbetriebene Flurförderzeuge mit Ausnahme von fahrerlosen Flurförderzeugen,
Staplern mit veränderlicher Reichweite und Lastentransportfahrzeugen (ISO 3691-
1:2011, einschließlich Cor 1:2013)
Chariots de manutention - Exigences de sécurité et vérification - Partie 1: Chariots de
manutention automoteurs, autres que les chariots sans conducteurs, les chariots à
portée variable et les chariots transporteurs de charges (ISO 3691-1:2011, y compris Cor
1:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3691-1:2015
ICS:
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 3691-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2015
ICS 53.060 Supersedes EN ISO 3691-1:2012
English Version
Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1:
Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks,
variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO 3691-
1:2011, including Cor 1:2013)
Chariots de manutention - Exigences de sécurité et Sicherheit von Flurförderzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen
vérification - Partie 1: Chariots de manutention und Verifizierung - Teil 1: Motorkraftbetriebene
automoteurs, autres que les chariots sans conducteurs, les Flurförderzeuge mit Ausnahme von fahrerlosen
chariots à portée variable et les chariots transporteurs de Flurförderzeugen, Staplern mit veränderlicher Reichweite
charges (ISO 3691-1:2011, y compris Cor 1:2013) und Lastentransportfahrzeugen (ISO 3691-1:2011,
einschließlich Cor 1:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 June 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3691-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword .3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .4
European foreword
The text of ISO 3691-1:2011 including Cor 1:2013 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110
“Industrial trucks” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN
ISO 3691-1:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial Trucks - Safety” the secretariat of which is
held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 3691-1:2012.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of 2006/42/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3691-1:2011 including Cor 1:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3691-1:2015
without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this
standard, except clause 6.2.7 and with the exclusion of all references to ISO/TS 3691-8 confers, within the
limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of
that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling within the
scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3691-1
First edition
2011-09-15
Industrial trucks — Safety requirements
and verification —
Part 1:
Self-propelled industrial trucks, other
than driverless trucks, variable-reach
trucks and burden-carrier trucks
Chariots de manutention — Exigences de sécurité et vérification —
Partie 1: Chariots de manutention automoteurs, autres que les chariots
sans conducteur, les chariots à portée variable et les chariots
transporteurs de charges
Reference number
ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
©  ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 Starting/moving . 7
4.3 Brakes . 8
4.4 Manual control actuators . 9
4.5 Power systems and accessories . 13
4.6 Systems for lifting and tilting . 16
4.7 Operator positions . 19
4.8 Stability . 25
4.9 Protective devices . 26
4.10 Visibility and lighting . 28
4.11 Environmental conditions . 28
4.12 Devices for towing . 30
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures . 30
5.1 General . 30
5.2 Structural tests . 30
5.3 Functional verification . 31
6 Information for use . 31
6.1 General . 31
6.2 Instruction handbook . 31
6.3 Marking . 35
Annex A (normative) Determination of driving direction and rated capacity . 38
Annex B (informative) List of significant hazards . 41

ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3691-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety
of powered industrial trucks.
This first edition of ISO 3691-1, together with ISO 3691-2, ISO 3691-3, ISO 3691-4, ISO 3691-5, ISO 3691-6,
ISO/TS 3691-7 and ISO/TS 3691-8, cancels and replaces ISO 3691:1980, of which it constitutes a technical
revision. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 3691:1980/Amd 1:1983.
ISO 3691 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and
verification:
 Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and
burden-carrier trucks
 Part 2: Self-propelled variable-reach trucks
 Part 3: Additional requirements for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks specifically designed
to travel with elevated loads
 Part 4: Driverless industrial trucks and their systems
 Part 5: Pedestrian-propelled trucks
 Part 6: Burden and personnel carriers
 Part 7: Regional requirements for countries within the European Community [Technical Specification]
 Part 8: Regional requirements for countries outside the European Community [Technical Specification]
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
Introduction
General
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machines concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B standards,
the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for
machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard.
The ISO 3691 series of standards covers safety requirements and their verification for industrial trucks as
defined in ISO 5053.
Structure
An important step forward in the work on the ISO 3691 series of standards was the agreement to issue a new
structure of International Standards for industrial trucks having on one side basic standards for all kinds of
trucks (see Foreword) and on the other side independent standards to cover the respective specific functions
of industrial trucks, e.g. visibility, noise, vibration, electrical requirements, etc.
Assessment of hazards
The product needs to be designed in such a way that it is fit for its purpose or function and can be adjusted
and maintained without putting persons at risk when used under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer.
In order to properly design a product and to cover all specific safety requirements, the manufacturer will have
to identify the hazards that apply to his product and carry out a risk assessment. The manufacturer will then
need to design and construct the product taking this assessment into account.
The aim of this procedure is to eliminate the risk of accidents throughout the foreseeable lifetime of the
machinery, including the phases of assembling and dismantling where risks of accidents could also arise from
foreseeable abnormal situations.
In selecting the most appropriate methods, the manufacturer will need to apply the following principles, in the
order given here:
a) eliminate or reduce risks as far as possible by design (inherently safe machinery design and construction);
b) take the necessary protective measures in relation to risks that cannot be eliminated by design;
c) inform users of any shortcoming of the protective measures adopted;
d) indicate whether any particular training is required;
e) specify any need to provide personal protection equipment;
f) refer to the appropriate user's document for proper operating instructions.
Industrial trucks need to be designed to prevent foreseeable misuse wherever possible, if such would
engender risk. In other cases, the instructions will need to draw the user's attention to ways shown by
experience in which the machinery ought not be used.
ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
This part of ISO 3691 does not repeat all the technical rules which are state-of-the art and which are
applicable to the material used to construct the industrial truck. Reference will also need to be made to
ISO 12100.
Legislative situation/Vienna Agreement
From the very beginning, the task of the working group was to revise ISO 3691:1980 and establish worldwide
basic standards to comply with the major legislative regulations in, for example, the EU, Japan, Australia and
North America.
Every effort was made to develop a globally relevant International Standard. That goal was achieved with
most of the issues. For several potential problem areas compromises were needed and will be needed in the
future. Where divergent regional requirements remain, these are addressed by ISO/TS 3691-7:2011 and
ISO/TS 3691-8.
In order to ensure that the revised International Standard will be actively used in the ISO member countries,
worldwide, procedures will be necessary to replace the existing national standards and technical regulations
by the revised International Standard. In the European Community, ISO and the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) agreed on technical co-operation under the Vienna Agreement, with the aim of
replacing European Standards (EN) by International Standards. Other countries are asked to make similar
agreements to ensure that their national standards and technical regulations are replaced by this International
Standard.
Only by these actions will there be the guarantee that products in accordance with International Standards can
be shipped worldwide freely without any technical barriers.

vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3691-1:2011(E)

Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification —
Part 1:
Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks,
variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks
1 Scope
This part of ISO 3691 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of
self-propelled industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), as defined in ISO 5053:
a) industrial counterbalanced trucks;
b) reach trucks with retractable mast or retractable fork arm carriage;
c) straddle trucks;
d) pallet-stacking trucks;
e) high-lift platform trucks;
f) trucks with elevating operator position up to 1 200 mm;
g) side-loading trucks (one side only);
h) lateral-stacking trucks (both sides), and lateral- and front-stacking trucks;
i) pallet trucks;
j) bidirectional and multidirectional trucks;
k) tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N;
l) rough-terrain counterbalanced trucks;
m) industrial trucks powered by battery, diesel, gasoline or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas).
NOTE 1 Trucks powered by CNG (compressed natural gas) are not dealt with. It is intended that CNG and other power
sources be addressed in future revisions of this part of ISO 3691.
For trucks with an elevating operator position of more than 1 200 mm and/or trucks designed to travel with an
elevated load of more than 1 200 mm, this part of ISO 3691 is intended to be used in conjunction with
ISO 3691-3.
NOTE 2 ISO 3691-3 is not applicable to counterbalanced fork lift trucks or trucks intended for container handling.
NOTE 3 Some low-level order pickers with an elevating operator's position up to and including 1 200 mm lift height can
be equipped with an additional lifting device to lift the load to a maximum lift height of 1 800 mm.
ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
This part of ISO 3691 is not applicable to self-propelled variable-reach trucks, driverless trucks or burden
carriers, which are covered in ISO 3691-2, ISO 3691-4 and ISO 3691-6, respectively.
It is not applicable to industrial trucks operating in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer
applications, hazardous environments), where special precautions can be necessary.
Regional requirements, additional to the requirements given in this part of ISO 3691, are addressed in
ISO/TS 3691-7 and ISO/TS 3691-8.
This part of ISO 3691 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as listed in
Annex B, with the exception of the following, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and
under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur
 during construction,
 when handling suspended loads that can swing freely,
 when using trucks on public roads,
 when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres,
 when using trucks in very narrow aisles with clearance of less than 500 mm to the racks,
 arising from a non-ergonomic body attitude when driving sit-on trucks, load trailing,
 during travelling with unladen trucks having a rated capacity of more than 10 000 kg, due to visibility
concerns,
 due to overload.
NOTE 4 For the purposes of this part of ISO 3691, fork arms, load platforms and integrated attachments are
considered to be parts of the industrial truck. Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are
removable by the user are not considered to be part of the industrial truck. Requirements for attachments are given in the
appropriate clauses.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2328:2007, Fork-lift trucks — Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages — Mounting dimensions
ISO 2330, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 2867:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems
ISO 3287:1999, Powered industrial trucks — Symbols for operator controls and other displays
ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space
envelope
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
1)
ISO 3691-3:— , Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 3: Additional requirements
for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks specifically designed to travel with elevated loads
ISO 3691-5:2009, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 5: Pedestrian-propelled
trucks
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 5053, Powered industrial trucks — Terminology
ISO 6055:2004, Industrial trucks — Overhead guards — Specification and testing
ISO 6292:2008, Powered industrial trucks and tractors — Brake performance and component strength
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13284:2003, Fork-lift trucks — Fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms —Technical characteristics
and strength requirements
1)
ISO 13564-1:— , Powered industrial trucks — Test methods for verification of visibility — Part 1: Sit-on and
stand-on operator trucks up to and including 10 t capacity
ISO 13849-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13850:2006, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design
ISO 15870:2000, Powered industrial trucks — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO 15871:2000, Industrial trucks — Specifications for indicator lights for container handling and grappler arm
operations
ISO 20898:2008, Industrial trucks — Electrical requirements
ISO 21281:2005, Construction and layout of pedals of self-propelled sit-down rider-controlled industrial
trucks — Rules for the construction and layout of pedals
ISO 22915-1:2008, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 1: General
ISO 22915-2:2008, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 2: Counterbalanced trucks with mast
ISO 22915-3:2008, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 3: Reach and straddle trucks
ISO 22915-4:2009, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 4: Pallet stackers, double stackers and
order-picking trucks with operator position elevating up to and including 1 200 mm lift height
ISO 22915-7:2009, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 7: Bidirectional and multidirectional
trucks
ISO 22915-8:2008, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 8: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of stacking with mast tilted forward and load elevated
ISO 22915-10:2008, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 10: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of stacking with load laterally displaced by powered devices

1) To be published.
ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
2)
ISO 22915-11:— , Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 11: Industrial variable-reach trucks
ISO 22915-20:2008, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 20: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of offset load, offset by utilization
ISO 22915-21:2009, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 21: Order-picking trucks with operator
position elevating above 1 200 mm
ISO 24134:2006, Industrial trucks — Additional requirements for automated functions on trucks
ISO 24135-1:2006, Industrial trucks — Specifications and test methods for operator restraint systems —
Part 1: Lap-type seat belts
IEC 60695-11-10:2003, Fire hazard testing — Part 11-10: Test flames — 50 W horizontal and vertical flame
test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053 and ISO 12100 and the
following apply.
3.1
self-propelled industrial truck
wheeled vehicle having at least three wheels with a powered driving mechanism, except for those running on
rails, designed either to carry, tow, push, lift, stack or tier in racks any kind of load and controlled by an
operator (3.7)
NOTE See ISO 5053 for a comprehensive terminology.
3.2
pedestrian-controlled truck
truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) walking with the truck by means of, for example, a tiller or
remote control
NOTE The truck may be equipped with a stand-on option.
3.3
ride-on truck
truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) riding on a seat or a driving platform on the truck
NOTE Stand-on industrial trucks with a seat for the operator are considered as being stand-on trucks.
3.4
low-lift truck
truck having a lift height of 500 mm or less
3.5
bidirectional truck
truck designed to travel in either direction on a line parallel with its longitudinal axis, or perpendicular to this
axis
NOTE Adapted from ISO 5053:1987, 3.6.1.2.

2) To be published.
4 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
3.6
multidirectional truck
truck designed to travel in any direction relative to its longitudinal axis
NOTE Adapted from ISO 5053:1987, 3.6.1.3.
3.7
operator
designated person, appropriately trained and authorized, who is responsible for the movement and load
handling of an industrial truck
NOTE 1 Depending on the truck type, the operator can be riding on the industrial truck, on foot accompanying the truck
(e.g. tiller-, cable-controlled) or remote from the truck (e.g. remote radio-controlled).
NOTE 2 National regulations can apply.
3.8
normal operating position
position in which the operator is able to control all functions for driving and load handling as defined by the
manufacturer
NOTE Additional positions are permitted to be defined by the manufacturer if it is not possible to control all the
functions of the truck from a single position. A rotating seat or stand-up end-control truck with more than one operating
direction is considered as being or having a single operating position.
3.9
lift height
vertical distance between the upper face of the fork blades or the lifting platform and the ground
3.10
lift height for travelling
lifting height up to and including 500 mm providing sufficient ground clearance for travelling
NOTE It is identical to the maximum lift height for the stability test for travelling.
3.11
low lift height
maximum lift height up to and including 500 mm, where the vertical centre of gravity of the load does not
exceed 1 100 mm above the ground
3.12
automatically acting brakes
mechanical brakes which automatically apply in the non-travelling condition until released by the control of the
operator
3.13
lost load centre
horizontal shift in the standard load centre that may occur when removable attachments are added to a truck
NOTE For standard load centre, see Annex A.
3.14
actual capacity
maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and
truck stability, that a truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and
reach, if applicable, in normal operation
NOTE The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck, including variables such as the type and lift
height of the mast fitted, the actual load centre and any attachments that might be fitted. This actual capacity defines the
ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
load-handling ability of the particular truck, as equipped. Additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments
can also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability tests or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.15
rated capacity
maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and
truck stability, that the truck can carry, lift and stack to the standard lift height and at the standard position of
the centre of gravity
NOTE 1 For centre of gravity, see Annex A.
NOTE 2 If the lifting height of the mast is lower than the standard lift height, H, the rated capacity is still assessed at the
standard lift height.
NOTE 3 The rated capacity is used to compare the capacity of different manufacturers' trucks and to provide the break
points used in technical standards and statistics. The operating limits for the truck are defined by its actual capacity.
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Overall requirements
The truck shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant
hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
4.1.2 Normal climatic conditions
For truck operation, the following climatic conditions apply:
 average ambient temperature for continuous duty: + 25 °C;
 maximum ambient temperature, short term (up to 1 h): + 40 °C;
 lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal indoor conditions: + 5 °C;
 lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal outdoor conditions:  20 °C;
 altitude: up to 2 000 m.
4.1.3 Normal operating conditions
Normal operating conditions are the following:
 driving (travelling and lifting) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces — the surface
conditions on which the truck is designed to operate shall be specified in the instruction handbook
(see 6.2);
 driving with the horizontal load centre of gravity approximately on the longitudinal centre plane of the
truck;
 travelling with the mast or fork arms tilted backwards, where applicable, and the load in the lowered
(travel) position.
6 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
If the above is not sufficient to allow the conditions for stability of a particular truck type to be specified, then
the operating conditions shall be according to the International Standards referenced for stability in 4.8.
4.1.4 Electrical requirements
Electrical requirements are subject to regional requirements. See ISO/TS 3691-7:2011 and ISO/TS 3691-8.
4.1.5 Edges or angles
There shall be no sharp edges or angles posing a hazard in the area of the operator in the normal operating
position or in the area of access and egress during normal operation and daily checks.
4.1.6 Stored energy components
Components which store energy and that would cause a risk during removal or disassembly, e.g. hydraulic
accumulator or spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy before removal or
disassembly.
4.2 Starting/moving
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting
Trucks shall be provided with a device (e.g. key, code, magnetic card) which prevents starting without its use.
Such devices for pedestrian-controlled and rider-controlled trucks manufactured by the same manufacturer
shall not be interchangeable between the two truck types. Where devices, e.g. magnetic cards, are destined
for an individual operator, one device may be used on both truck types but shall not allow starting by
unauthorized persons.
4.2.2 Unintended movement and inadvertent activation
Truck movement from the holding position, other than by actuation of the controls by the operator, due to drift
or creep (e.g. by leakage), shall be avoided.
4.2.2.1 Parking brakes
A parking brake complying with 4.3.1 shall be provided.
For sit-on rider trucks, the parking brake system should be manually operable by hand or foot from the normal
operating position or automatically applied by leaving the normal operating position. Trucks with only
non-automatically applied parking brake(s) shall have a warning to the operator to apply the brakes before
leaving the truck.
Failure of the control system of an automatically applied parking brake shall be indicated to the operator.
4.2.2.2 Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks
Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine being
started while the transmission is engaged.
4.2.2.3 Travel controls
Travel controls on internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be so arranged that on level ground the
truck will not move from rest until the transmission has been engaged.
ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
4.2.2.4 Powered travel movement
Powered travel movement of the truck with a ride-on operator shall be possible only if the operator is in the
normal operating position.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal operating position
without an additional operation, e.g. by requiring a resetting of the direction control or reactivation of the speed
control.
4.2.2.5 Manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal
A truck with an automotive-type manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal satisfies the
requirements of 4.2.2.2 and 4.2.2.4.
4.2.3 Travel speed
4.2.3.1 Pedestrian-controlled trucks
Single-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks operating on level ground shall not exceed a travel speed of 4 km/h
and an acceleration of 0,5 m/s and shall be designed for low-lift only.
Variable-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks operating on level ground shall be controllable by the operator to
be aligned with their walking speed.
The maximum speed is subject to regional requirements, additional to the requirements of this part of
ISO 3691. See ISO/TS 3691-7:2011 and ISO/TS 3691-8.
4.2.3.2 Stand-on trucks and pedestrian-controlled trucks with foldable platform
The maximum speed on level ground of stand-on trucks and pedestrian-controlled trucks fitted with a foldable
platform when the operator is on the platform is subject to regional requirements, additional to the
requirements of this part of ISO 3691. See ISO/TS 3691-7:2011 and ISO/TS 3691-8.
For trucks with a foldable operator platform, see 4.7.3.3.
For trucks with stand-on options, see 4.7.3.2 and 4.7.3.4.
4.2.3.3 Travel with mast raised
Travel with mast raised is subject to regional requirements. See ISO/TS 3691-8.
4.3 Brakes
4.3.1 General
All industrial trucks shall be designed with service and parking brakes. Brakes shall comply with ISO 6292.
The parking brake shall be equipped with a system preventing unintentional release. The parking brake force
shall be applied by mechanical means.
Braking requirements are subject to regional requirements, additional to the requirements of this part of
ISO 3691. See ISO/TS 3691-7:2011 and ISO/TS 3691-8.
4.3.2 Failure of energy supply to service brake
Failure of the energy supply to the service brake shall not result in a total loss of braking and shall enable a
controlled stop.
8 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
4.3.3 Stand-on and pedestrian-controlled trucks
Stand-on and pedestrian-controlled trucks shall be equipped with a brake system that will automatically
engage upon release of the brake actuating control by the operator. This system may serve as the service and
parking brake.
4.4 Manual control actuators
4.4.1 General
4.4.1.1 Consistency with the truck motions
Movement of these controls shall be consistent with the motions of the truck being operated, wherever
practicable. They shall be confined within the plan view outline of the truck or tiller.
4.4.1.2 Multiple operators
If additional operating positions are fitted, e.g. for more than one operator, the operation of these controls shall
only be possible from one operating position at a time, excepting the emergency disconnect switch, which
shall be operable from all positions.
4.4.1.3 Multiple operating positions
If more than one operating position is fitted for a single operator, the use of the controls for one of these
operating positions shall preclude the use of the controls of another operating position. The exception to this is
the emergency disconnect switch, which shall be operable from all positions.
4.4.2 Travel and braking controls
4.4.2.1 General
The motion of the speed operating control shall be so designed that an increase in the movement of the
control increases the travel speed. When the control is released, it shall return to the neutral position of the
control actuator.
4.4.2.2 Sit-on trucks
Trucks with pedal-operated travel and braking controls shall comply with ISO 21281.
4.4.2.3 Stand-on trucks
The requirements for travel and braking controls for a stand-on truck are as follows.
a) Travel control functions
 Where a tiller is used, it shall be fitted with control devices for travel direction and speed.
 Where a steering wheel or similar control is used, the controls for travel direction and speed shall be
positioned in close proximity to the steering control.
The service brake function shall be engaged
 automatically when the tiller is released, if operated by the tiller,
 automatically when the travel-control is released, if operated by the travel-control,
ISO 3691-1:2011(E)
 automatically when releasing the pedal, if the brake function is foot-operated,
 when activating the hand actuator, if the brake function is hand-operated.
b) Trucks with elevating operator platform up to 1 200 mm
Means shall be provided to prevent travel while the platform is elevated more than 500 mm, unless the
controls are elevated with the platform.
4.4.2.4 Pedestrian-controlled trucks
The requirements for pedestrian-controlled trucks are as follows.
a) The tiller shall be fitted with control devices for travel direction and speed.
b) When the tiller is released, it shall automatically return to its upper rest position, cut off traction power in
the travel direction and engage the brake.
c) When the tiller is in its lowered position, the traction power in the travel direction shall be cut off and the
brake shall be engaged.
d) The tiller shall be fitted with a device to energize the direction of travel away from the operator until
pressure on the device is relieved, or that stops the truck by applying the brakes, if the head of the tiller in
its operating position comes into contact with a solid body (e.g. the operator's body).
4.4.2.5 Differential locking
It shall be possible to unlock the differential when the truck is moving.
For trucks fitted with a pedal-operated differential lock, depression of the pedal shall lock the differential and
shall be released when releasing the pedal.
4.4.2.6 Additional operation from outside the truck
If travel control from outside the truck is provided for the operator of sit-on or stand-on trucks and tractors,
when operated from the outside the travel speed shall be limited to 6 km/h. These controls may be attached to
the truck or a remote control may be provided, and the operating system shall be made operable by means of
a separate switch or automatically when the operator leaves the normal operating position.
a) General
1) If the control actuator is released, the drive unit shall switch off automatically and the br
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