EN ISO 10360-2:2009

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2011
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SIST EN ISO 10360-2:2002
SIST ISO 10360-2:2002
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Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring machines (CMM) - Part 2: CMMs used for measuring linear
dimensions (ISO 10360-2:2009)
Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) - Annahmeprüfung und Bestätigungsprüfung
für Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) - Teil 2: KMG angewendet für Längenmessungen
(ISO 10360-2:2009)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Essais de réception et de vérification
périodique des machines a mesurer tridimensionnelles (MMT) - Partie 2: MMT utilisées
pour les mesures de dimensions linéaires (ISO 10360-2:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10360-2:2009
ICS:
17.040.30 Merila Measuring instruments
17.040.40 6SHFLILNDFLMDJHRPHWULMVNLK Geometrical Product
YHOLþLQL]GHOND*36 Specification (GPS)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10360-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2009
ICS 17.040.30 Supersedes EN ISO 10360-2:2001
English Version
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and
reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) -
Part 2: CMMs used for measuring linear dimensions (ISO
10360-2:2009)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Essais de Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) -
réception et de vérification périodique des machines à Annahmeprüfung und Bestätigungsprüfung für
mesurer tridimensionnelles (MMT) - Partie 2: MMT utilisées Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) - Teil 2: KMG angewendet
pour les mesures de dimensions linéaires (ISO 10360- für Längenmessungen (ISO 10360-2:2009)
2:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 December 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10360-2:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 10360-2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213 "Dimensional
and geometrical product specifications and verification" in collaboration Technical Committee CEN/TC 290
“Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification” the secretariat of which is held by
AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 10360-2:2001.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10360-2:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10360-2:2009 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10360-2
Third edition
2009-12-01
Geometrical product specifications
(GPS) — Acceptance and reverification
tests for coordinate measuring machines
(CMM) —
Part 2:
CMMs used for measuring linear
dimensions
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Essais de réception et
de vérification périodique des machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles
(MMT) —
Partie 2: MMT utilisées pour les mesures de dimensions linéaires

Reference number
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols.4
5 Environmental and metrological requirements.4
5.1 Environmental conditions .4
5.2 Operating conditions .5
5.3 Length measurement error, E .5
L
5.4 Repeatability range of the length measurement error, R .5
5.5 Workpiece loading effects.5
6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests .6
6.1 General .6
6.2 Principle.6
6.3 Length measurement error with zero ram axis stylus tip offset, E .7
6.3.1 General .7
6.3.2 Measuring equipment .7
6.3.3 Procedure.8
6.3.4 Derivation of test results .9
6.4 Repeatability range of the length measurement error, R .9
6.5 Length measurement error with ram axis stylus tip offset of 150 mm, E .10
6.5.1 Measuring equipment .10
6.5.2 Procedure.10
6.5.3 Derivation of test results .12
6.6 Dual ram CMMs.12
6.6.1 Simplex operating mode.12
6.6.2 Duplex operating mode.12
7 Compliance with specifications.13
7.1 Acceptance test .13
7.1.1 Acceptance criteria .13
7.1.2 Data rejection and repeated measurements.14
7.2 Reverification test .14
8 Applications .14
8.1 Acceptance test .14
8.2 Reverification test .15
8.3 Interim check .15
9 Indication in product documentation and data sheets.15
Annex A (informative) Interim check.16
Annex B (normative) Artefacts that represent a calibrated test length.18
Annex C (informative) Alignment of gauges .23
Annex D (normative) Mathematical adjustments to low CTE artefacts.25
Annex E (informative) Location of the single stylus probing test .27
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
Annex F (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model .28
Bibliography .29

iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10360-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10360-2:2001), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 10360 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geometrical product specifications (GPS) —
Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM):
⎯ Part 1: Vocabulary
⎯ Part 2: CMMs used for measuring linear dimensions
⎯ Part 3: CMMs with the axis of a rotary table as the fourth axis
⎯ Part 4: CMMs used in scanning measuring mode
⎯ Part 5: CMMs using single and multiple stylus contacting probing systems
⎯ Part 6: Estimation of errors in computing Gaussian associated features
⎯ Part 7: CMMs equipped with imaging probing systems
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 10360 is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a
general GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences link 5 of the chains of standards on size, distance,
radius, angle, form, orientation, location, run-out and datums. For more detailed information of the relation of
this part of ISO 10360 to other standards and the GPS matrix model, see Annex F.
The tests of this part of ISO 10360 have three technical objectives:
1) to test the error of indication of a calibrated test length using a probing system without any ram axis stylus
tip offset;
2) to test the error of indication of a calibrated test length using a probing system with a specified ram axis
stylus tip offset; and
3) to test the repeatability of measuring a calibrated test length.
The benefits of these tests are that the measured result has a direct traceability to the unit length, the metre,
and that it gives information on how the CMM will perform on similar length measurements.
Clause 3 of this part of ISO 10360 contains definitions that supersede similar definitions in ISO 10360-1:2000.
The revised definitions are required to avoid an ambiguity that would otherwise have been introduced with this
issue of ISO 10360-2. Also, definition 3.6 supersedes effectively an identical definition in ISO 10360-1:2000
because the symbols used have been revised and expanded for clarification.

vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10360-2:2009(E)

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and
reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines
(CMM) —
Part 2:
CMMs used for measuring linear dimensions
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10360 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a coordinate measuring
machine (CMM) used for measuring linear dimensions as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the
reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the CMM.
The acceptance and reverification tests given in this part of ISO 10360 are applicable only to Cartesian CMMs
using contacting probing systems of any type operating in the discrete-point probing mode.
This part of ISO 10360 does not explicitly apply to:
⎯ non-Cartesian CMMs; however, parties may apply this part of ISO 10360 to non-Cartesian CMMs by
mutual agreement;
⎯ CMMs using optical probing; however, parties may apply this approach to optical CMMs by mutual
agreement.
This part of ISO 10360 specifies performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the
user of a CMM, the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated
requirements, rules for proving conformance, and applications for which the acceptance and reverification
tests can be used.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10360-1:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring machines (CMM) — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 14253-1:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Inspection by measurement of workpieces
and measuring equipment — Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformance or non-conformance with
specifications
ISO 14660-1:1999, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical features — Part 1: General
terms and definitions
ISO/TS 23165:2006, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Guidelines for the evaluation of coordinate
measuring machine (CMM) test uncertainty
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated terms
(VIM)
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10360-1, ISO 14253-1, ISO 14660-1,
ISO/TS 23165, ISO/IEC Guide 99 and the following apply.
3.1
ram axis stylus tip offset
L
distance (orthogonal to the ram axis) between the stylus tip and a reference point
NOTE 1 The reference point is defined by the manufacturer. If no manufacturer-defined reference point is known, the
user chooses a reference point close to the probe system mount.
NOTE 2 The reference point is usually in or near the probe system.

a
L ≈ 0.
Figure 1 — Examples of the ram axis stylus tip offset in the case of an articulated probing system
3.2
coefficient of thermal expansion
CTE
α
linear thermal expansion coefficient of a material at 20 °C
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
3.3
normal CTE material
−6 −6
material with a CTE between 8 × 10 /°C and 13 × 10 /°C
3.4
length measurement error
E
L
error of indication when measuring a calibrated test length using a CMM with a ram axis stylus tip offset of L,
using a single probing point (or equivalent) at each end of the calibrated test length
NOTE 1 In this part of ISO 10360, L = 0 mm and L = 150 mm (default values) are specified.
NOTE 2 See Annex B for the requirements of point sampling strategies.
3.5
repeatability range of the length measurement error
R
range (largest minus smallest) of three repeated length measurement errors measured by a CMM with zero
ram axis stylus tip offset
3.6
maximum permissible error of length measurement
E
L, MPE
extreme value of the length measurement error, E , permitted by specifications
L
NOTE 1 In this part of ISO 10360, L = 0 mm and L = 150 mm (default values) are specified.
NOTE 2 A maximum permissible error (MPE) as opposed to a maximum permissible limit (MPL) specification is used
when the test measurements determine errors; hence, testing an MPE specification requires the use of calibrated artefacts.
NOTE 3 The MPE may be expressed using any of the methods shown in Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14 of
ISO 10360-1:2000.
3.7
maximum permissible limit of the repeatability range
R
0, MPL
extreme value of the repeatability range of the length measurement error, R , permitted by specifications
NOTE 1 A maximum permissible limit (MPL) as opposed to a maximum permissible error (MPE) specification is used
when the test measurements are not errors; hence, testing an MPL specification does not require the use of calibrated
artefacts.
NOTE 2 The MPL may be expressed using any of the methods shown in Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14 of
ISO 10360-1:2000.
3.8
dual ram CMM
CMM composed of two independent rams and a method for reporting the coordinate measurements from both
rams in a single coordinate system
NOTE 1 The two rams usually share part of their measuring range, but this is not required.
NOTE 2 The method for establishing a single coordinate system may require an alignment procedure.
NOTE 3 A dual ram CMM may report the results of each ram in separate coordinate systems; see simplex operating
mode (3.9).
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
3.9
simplex operating mode
method of using a dual ram CMM in which the two rams are treated as separate measuring systems
NOTE In the simplex operating mode, the coordinate measurements from the two rams are not reported in a single
coordinate system.
3.10
duplex operating mode
method of using a dual ram CMM in which the coordinate measurements from the two rams are reported in a
single coordinate system
4 Symbols
For the purpose of this document, the symbols in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Meaning
E Length measurement error
L
R Repeatability range of the length measurement error
E Maximum permissible error of length measurement
L, MPE
R Maximum permissible limit of the repeatability range
0, MPL
NOTE See Clause 9 with respect to the indications of these symbols in product documentation, drawings, data
sheets, etc.
5 Environmental and metrological requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions
Limits for permissible environmental conditions, such as temperature conditions, air humidity and vibration at
the site of installation, that influence the measurements shall be specified by:
⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests;
⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.
In both cases, the user is free to choose the environmental conditions under which the ISO 10360-2 testing
will be performed within the specified limits (as supplied in the data sheet of the manufacturer; see
ISO 10360-1, Amendment 1).
The user is responsible for providing the environment enclosing the CMM, as specified by the manufacturer in
the data sheet.
If the environment does not meet the specifications, then verification of the maximum permissible errors,
E , E , and maximum permissible limit, R , cannot be required.
0, MPE L, MPE 0, MPL
4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
5.2 Operating conditions
The CMM shall be operated using the procedures given in the manufacturer's operating manual when
conducting the tests given in Clause 6.
Specific areas in the manufacturer's manual to be adhered to are, for example:
a) machine start-up/warm-up cycles;
b) stylus system configuration;
c) cleaning procedures for stylus tip;
d) probing system qualification;
e) thermal stability of the probing system before calibration;
f) weight of stylus system and/or probing system;
g) location, type, number of thermal sensors.
5.3 Length measurement error, E
L
The length measurement errors (E values) shall not exceed the maximum permissible error of length
L
measurement, E , as stated by:
L, MPE
⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests;
⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.
The length measurement errors (E values) and the maximum permissible error of length measurement,
L
E , are expressed in micrometres.
L, MPE
NOTE The default values of L are 0 mm and 150 mm; hence, E = E and E = E .
L 0 L 150
5.4 Repeatability range of the length measurement error, R
The repeatability range of the length measurement errors (R values) shall not exceed the maximum
permissible limit of the repeatability range, R , as stated by:
0, MPL
⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests;
⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.
The repeatability range of the length measurement error (R values) and the maximum permissible limit of the
repeatability range, R , are expressed in micrometres.
0, MPL
5.5 Workpiece loading effects
The length measurement error with L = 0 (or minimum required for clearance), E , shall not exceed the
maximum permissible error, E , as stated by the manufacturer when the CMM is loaded with up to the
0, MPE
maximum workpiece mass for which the CMM performance is rated. Testing of the length measurement error,
E , may be conducted under any workpiece load (from zero up to the rated maximum workpiece load),
selected by the user subject to the following conditions:
⎯ the physical volume of the load supplied for testing shall lie within the measuring volume of the CMM and
the load shall be free-standing;
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
⎯ the manufacturer may specify a limit on the maximum load per unit area (kg/m ) on the CMM support
(i.e. table) surface and/or on individual point loads (kg/cm ); for point loads, the load at any specific
contact point shall be no greater than twice the load of any other contact point;
⎯ unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the load shall be located approximately centrally and
approximately symmetrically at the centre of the CMM table.
The user and manufacturer should arrange for the availability of the load.
The user and the manufacturer should discuss the loading of the CMM table since access to measurement
positions may be impaired by the load.
6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests
6.1 General
6.1.1 Acceptance tests are executed according to the manufacturer's specifications and procedures that are
in compliance with this part of ISO 10360. In particular, unless the user supplies the calibrated test length
(subject to the restrictions of ISO/TS 23165), the manufacturer may choose the artefact representing the
calibrated test length from those described in Annex B and Annex D.
Reverification tests are executed according to the user's specifications and the manufacturer's procedures.
Issues associated with dual ram CMMs are discussed in 6.6.
6.1.2 This part of ISO 10360 does not explicitly apply to CMMs using optical probing; however, if, by mutual
agreement, the parties apply this approach to optical CMMs, then additional issues, such as the following,
should be considered:
⎯ in the case of two dimensional sensors (no ram movement), an index 2D may be used for indication,
e.g. E ;
0-2D
⎯ in the case of two dimensional systems, the number and location of the measurement positions may be
reduced;
⎯ specifications for the magnification and illumination;
⎯ artefact issues such as material and surface finish that affect the test results;
⎯ bidirectional probing may or may not be possible depending on the artefact and probing system
(see Annex B).
6.2 Principle
The principle of the assessment method is to use a calibrated test length, traceable to the metre, to establish
whether the CMM is capable of measuring within the stated maximum permissible error of length
measurement for a CMM with a specified ram axis stylus tip offset (both 0 and 150), E and E ,
0, MPE 150, MPE
and within the stated maximum permissible limit for the repeatability range, R .
0, MPL
The assessment shall be performed by comparison of the indicated values of five different calibrated test
lengths, each measured three times, relative to their calibrated values. The indicated values are calculated by
point-to-point length measurements projected onto the alignment direction (see also Annex C).
Each of the three repeated measurements is to be arranged in the following manner: if one end of the
calibrated test length is labelled “A” and the other end “B”, then the measurement sequence is either A B ,
1 1
A B , A B or A B , B A , A B . Other sequences such as A A A , B B B are not permitted. Each of
2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
the three repeated measurements shall have its own unique measured points. That is, in general, B , B and
1 2
6 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
B shall be different actual points of the same target point B. Once the measurement sequence for a test
length has begun, no additional probing points shall be measured other than those required to measure its
length; for instance, no alignment points are permitted between the measurement of A and B .
1 3
For CMMs without workpiece thermal expansion compensation, the uncorrected differential thermal expansion
between the CMM and the calibrated test length can produce a significant error; hence this part of ISO 10360
also requires the disclosure of the test length CTE.
For CMMs with workpiece thermal expansion compensation, this thermally induced error is greatly reduced.
For these CMMs, a significant portion of the residual thermal error is due to the uncertainty in the test length's
CTE (i.e. resulting in imperfect thermal expansion correction); hence this part of ISO 10360 requires the
disclosure of the uncertainty in the CTE of the test length.
6.3 Length measurement error with zero ram axis stylus tip offset, E
6.3.1 General
The E test shall be conducted using a ram axis stylus tip offset of zero or as small as practical. It is
recognized that depending on the CMM type, the artefact used as a calibrated test length, and the particular
measurement line, a non-zero ram axis stylus tip offset may be required in order to access the gauging points
of the calibrated test length. For these measurement situations, the smallest ram axis stylus tip offset practical
shall be used.
NOTE See Figure 1 for examples of ram axis stylus tip offsets, including some small, non-zero offsets.
Prior to beginning the extensive testing described in the following sections, it is recommended to perform the
single- or multiple-stylus probing system test, as appropriate, described in ISO 10360-5, to quickly ensure that
the probing system is operating within specifications (see also Annex E).
6.3.2 Measuring equipment
The longest calibrated test length for each position shall be at least 66 % of the maximum travel of the CMM
along a measurement line through the calibrated test length. Hence the minimum allowable longest calibrated
test length positioned along a body diagonal will be longer than the minimum allowable longest calibrated test
length positioned along an axis direction. Each calibrated test length shall differ significantly from the others in
length. Their lengths shall be well distributed over the measurement line. In general, the five calibrated test
lengths used in one position may differ in their lengths from those used in another position, for example due to
the extent of CMM travel along different measurement lines.
EXAMPLE 1 An example of well-distributed calibrated test lengths over a 1 m measurement line is: 100 mm, 200 mm,
400 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm.
The manufacturer shall state the upper, and optionally lower, limits of the CTE of the calibrated test length.
The manufacturer may calibrate the CTE of a calibrated test length. The manufacturer shall specify the
maximum permissible (k = 2) uncertainty of the CTE of the calibrated test length. In the case where the
calibrated test length is composed of a unidirectional length and a short gauge block (see Annex B), the CTE
shall be considered to be that of the unidirectional length. The default for a calibrated test length is a normal
CTE material unless the manufacturer's specifications explicitly state otherwise.
If the calibrated test length is not a normal CTE material, then the corresponding E values are
0, MPE
designated with an asterisk (*) and an explanatory note shall be provided describing the CTE of the calibrated
test length.
EXAMPLE 2
E *
0, MPE
−6
* Artefact is super-invar with a CTE no greater than 0,5 × 10 /°C and with a CTE expanded uncertainty (k = 2) no greater
−6
than 0,3 × 10 /°C.
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
If the manufacturer's specification states that the calibrated test lengths will be a non-normal CTE material and
−6
the CTE is less than 2 × 10 /°C, then perform an additional measurement as described in 6.3.3.3.
A low CTE test length can be mathematically adjusted to give the apparent behaviour of a normal CTE
material test length subject to the requirements of Annex D; however, this calibrated test length is still
considered to have a low CTE and is subject to the requirement of 6.3.3.3.
See Annex B for examples of a calibrated test length.
6.3.3 Procedure
6.3.3.1 Measurement positions
Five different calibrated test lengths shall be placed in each of seven different positions (locations and
orientations) in the measuring volume of the CMM, and each length shall be measured three times, for a total
of 105 measurements. Four of the seven positions shall be the space diagonals, as shown in Table 2. The
user may specify the remaining three positions; the default positions are parallel to each of the CMM axes, as
shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Orientation in the measuring volume
Position Required
Orientation in the measuring volume
number or default
1 Along the diagonal in space from point (1, 0, 0) to (0, 1, 1) Required
2 Along the diagonal in space from point (1, 1, 0) to (0, 0, 1) Required
3 Along the diagonal in space from point (0, 1, 0) to (1, 0, 1) Required
4 Along the diagonal in space from point (0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 1) Required
5 Parallel to the machine scales from point (0, 1/2, 1/2) to (1, 1/2, 1/2) Default
6 Parallel to the machine scales from point (1/2, 0, 1/2) to (1/2, 1, 1/2) Default
7 Parallel to the machine scales from point (1/2, 1/2, 0) to (1/2, 1/2, 1) Default
NOTE For specifications in this table, opposite corners of the measuring volume are assumed to be
(0, 0, 0) and (1, 1, 1) in coordinates (X, Y, Z).

The manufacturer may, at his discretion, specify the maximum permissible error of length measurement with
zero ram axis stylus tip offset, for each CMM axis, i.e. positions 5-6-7.
The notation shall be E and E , E and E , and E and E .
0X 0X, MPE 0Y 0Y, MPE 0Z 0Z, MPE
For CMMs with a high aspect ratio between the length of the axes, it is recommended that the manufacturer
and the user, upon mutual agreement, add two additional measurement positions. A high aspect ratio CMM
occurs when the length of the longest axis is at least three times the length of the intermediate axis. The
recommended positions, each consisting of five calibrated test lengths, each measured three times, are the
two (corner-to-corner) diagonals in a plane perpendicular to the longest axis, i.e. if X is the longest axis, then
the two diagonals are in the Y-Z plane and located approximately at the midpoint of the X axis.
6.3.3.2 Measurement procedure
Set up and qualify the probing system in accordance with the manufacturer's normal procedures (see 5.2). All
probing system qualifications shall be performed using the manufacturer-supplied reference sphere (or other
artefact supplied by the manufacturer for probe qualifications in the normal use of the CMM) and shall not
make use of any test artefact or other artefacts. The ram axis stylus tip offset should be zero (or the minimum
value to allow clearance) to measure the calibrated test length.
8 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
For each of the five calibrated test lengths, obtain three measurement results. See Annex B for details
regarding the measurement procedure for specific types of test lengths. Repeat for all seven measurement
positions for a total of 105 measurement results from the calibrated test lengths.
Supplementary measurements may be required for artefact alignment purposes. It is recommended that the
alignment method used be consistent with the procedures used for the artefact calibration.
The manufacturer should clearly specify on the data sheet the stylus system that will be used for the E test;
for example, a straight 20 mm long stylus shall be used in the test. If the manufacturer does not specify the
stylus system, the user is free to choose the system from any stylus components supplied with the CMM.
NOTE Changing the stylus system may significantly change the E test results.
6.3.3.3 Low CTE case
−6
For the case where the manufacturer's specification for E requires α < 2 × 10 /°C (thus being a
0, MPE
non-normal CTE), an additional measurement shall be performed on a normal CTE material calibrated test
length. The normal CTE material test length shall be greater than the lesser of 0,5 m or 50 % of the longest
CMM axis travel. This measurement shall be performed in the centre of the CMM measuring volume and
parallel to one of the CMM axes. The measurement shall be repeated three times. The manufacturer may
calibrate the CTE of this test length.
NOTE 1 When a laser interferometer is used to produce the calibrated test lengths, as described in Annex B, the laser
interferometer is considered a low CTE material and hence requires the measurement of a normal CTE calibrated test
length.
NOTE 2 When using a laser interferometer, it is good practice to measure the normal CTE artefact along a
measurement line that was previously measured using the laser interferometer. The consistency of the errors of indication
from the laser interferometer and from the normal CTE artefact serves as a quick check to see if the compensation for the
workpiece CTE and the compensation for the index of refraction have been correctly implemented.
6.3.4 Derivation of test results
For all 105 measurements, and (if required) the three additional measurements of 6.3.3.3, calculate each
length measurement error, E , by calculating the difference between the indicated value and the calibrated
value of each test length (where the calibrated value is taken as the conventional true value of the length).
The indicated value of a particular measurement of a calibrated test length may be corrected by the CMM to
account for systematic errors, or thermally induced errors (including thermal expansion) if the CMM has
accessory devices for this purpose. Manual correction of the results obtained from the computer output to
account for temperature or other corrections shall not be allowed when the environmental conditions satisfy
the conditions of 5.1.
NOTE For some CMMs, the thermal correction system requires the user to input values of the artefact's CTE and
temperature as part of its automatic thermal compensation system as described in its operating documentation. This is
permitted provided it is the CMM software that performs the thermal compensation. Manual thermal compensation by the
user is not permitted.
Plot all length measurement errors (E values) on a diagram, as indicated on the figure (Figure 12, Figure 13
or Figure 14 of ISO 10360-1:2000) that matches the expressed form of E .
0, MPE
6.4 Repeatability range of the length measurement error, R
For each set of three repeated measurements in 6.3, calculate the repeatability range, R , by evaluating the
range of the three repeated length measurements.
Plot all the repeatability range values (R values) on a diagram, as indicated on the figure (Figure 12,
Figure 13 or Figure 14 of ISO 10360-1:2000) that matches the expressed form of R .
0, MPL
ISO 10360-2:2009(E)
6.5 Length measurement error with ram axis stylus tip offset of 150 mm, E
6.5.1 Measuring equipment
The longest calibrated test length for each position shall be at least 66 % of the maximum travel of the CMM
along a line through the calibrated test length.
Each calibrated test length shall differ significantly from the others in length. Their lengths shall be well
distributed over the measurement line. In general, the five calibrated test lengths used in one position may
differ in their lengths from those used in another position, for example due to the extent of CMM travel along
different measurement lines.
EXAMPLE 1 An example of well-distributed calibrated test lengths over a 1 m measurement line is: 100 mm, 200 mm,
400 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm.
The default for the calibrated test length is a normal CTE material unless the manufacturer's specifications
explicitly state otherwise. The manufacturer shall state the upper, and optionally lower, limit of the CTE of the
calibrated test length. The manufacturer may calibrate the CTE of a calibrated test length. The manufacturer
shall specify the maximum permitted (k = 2) uncertainty of the CTE of the calibrated test len
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