EN ISO 10360-10:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 10360-10:2016
Specifikacija geometrijskih veličin izdelka (GPS) - Preskusi za sprejemljivost in
ponovno overjanje koordinatnih merilnih strojev (KMS) - 10. del: Laserski 3D
merilniki (ISO 10360-10:2021)
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring systems (CMS) - Part 10: Laser trackers (ISO 10360-10:2021)
Geometrische Produktspezifikationen (GPS) - Annahmeprüfung und
Bestätigungsprüfung für Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) - Teil 10: Lasertracker für Punkt-
zu-Punkt-Messungen (ISO 10360-10:2021)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Essais de réception et de vérification
périodique des systèmes à mesurer tridimensionnels (SMT) - Partie 10: Laser de
poursuite (ISO 10360-10:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10360-10:2021
ICS:
17.040.30 Merila Measuring instruments
17.040.40 Specifikacija geometrijskih Geometrical Product
veličin izdelka (GPS) Specification (GPS)
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 10360-10
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.040.30 Supersedes EN ISO 10360-10:2016
English Version
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and
reverification tests for coordinate measuring systems
(CMS) - Part 10: Laser trackers (ISO 10360-10:2021)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Essais Geometrische Produktspezifikationen (GPS) -
de réception et de vérification périodique des systèmes Annahmeprüfung und Bestätigungsprüfung für
à mesurer tridimensionnels (SMT) - Partie 10: Laser de Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) - Teil 10: Lasertracker
poursuite (ISO 10360-10:2021) für Punkt-zu-Punkt-Messungen (ISO 10360-10:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 August 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10360-10:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 10360-10:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213
"Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 290 “Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 10360-10:2016.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN websites.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10360-10:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10360-10:2021 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10360-10
Second edition
2021-08
Geometrical product specifications
(GPS) — Acceptance and reverification
tests for coordinate measuring
systems (CMS) —
Part 10:
Laser trackers
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Essais de réception
et de vérification périodique des systèmes à mesurer tridimensionnels
(SMT) —
Partie 10: Laser de poursuite
Reference number
ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 6
5 Rated operating conditions . 7
5.1 Environmental conditions . 7
5.2 Operating conditions . 7
6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Probing size and form errors . 8
6.2.1 Principle . 8
6.2.2 Reference artefact . 8
6.2.3 Procedure . 9
6.2.4 Derivation of test results .11
6.3 Location errors (two-face tests) .11
6.3.1 Principle .11
6.3.2 Reference artefact .11
6.3.3 Procedure .11
6.3.4 Derivation of test results .12
6.4 Length errors .13
6.4.1 General.13
6.4.2 Principle .13
6.4.3 Reference artefacts .13
6.4.4 Procedure .14
6.4.5 Derivation of test results .17
7 C onformity with specification .17
7.1 Acceptance tests .17
7.2 Reverification tests .18
8 Applications .18
8.1 Acceptance test .18
8.2 Reverification test .18
8.3 Interim check .18
9 Alternative unformatted presentation of symbols .19
Annex A (informative) Forms .21
Annex B (normative) Calibrated test lengths .25
Annex C (normative) Thermal compensation of workpieces .27
Annex D (informative) Specification of MPEs .28
Annex E (informative) Interim testing .32
Annex F (normative) Testing of a stylus and retroreflector combination (SRC).39
Annex G (normative) Testing of an optical distance sensor and retroreflector combination
(ODR) .42
Annex H (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model .45
Bibliography .46
ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 290, Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification, in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10360-10:2016), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes to the previous edition are as follows:
— the number of lengths tested has been reduced;
— user-selectable positions for two-face testing have been added;
— more guidance on interim testing has been added;
— symbol E revised to E .
Uni Vol
A list of all parts in the ISO 10360 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
Introduction
This document is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general
GPS standard (see ISO 14638). It influences chain link F of the chain of standards on size, distance,
form, orientation, location and run-out.
The ISO/GPS matrix model given in ISO 14638 gives an overview of the ISO/GPS system of which this
document is a part. The fundamental rules of ISO/GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this document and
the default decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this
document, unless otherwise indicated.
More detailed information on the relation of this document to other standards and the GPS matrix
model can be found in Annex H.
The objective of this document is to provide a well-defined testing procedure for:
a) laser tracker manufacturers to specify performance by maximum permissible errors (MPEs); and
b) to allow testing of these specifications using calibrated and traceable test lengths, test spheres and
flats.
The benefits of these tests are that the measured result has a direct traceability to the unit of length,
the metre, and that it gives information on how the laser tracker will perform on similar length
measurements.
This document is distinct from ISO 10360-2, which is for coordinate measuring machines (CMMs)
equipped with contact probing systems, in that the orientation of the calibrated test lengths reflects
the different instrument geometry and error sources within the instrument.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance
and reverification tests for coordinate measuring systems
(CMS) —
Part 10:
Laser trackers
1 Scope
This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a laser tracker by
measuring calibrated test lengths, according to the specifications of the manufacturer. It also specifies
the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the laser tracker.
The acceptance and reverification tests given in this document are applicable to laser trackers utilizing
a retroreflector, or a retroreflector in combination with a stylus or optical distance sensor, as a probing
system. Laser trackers that use interferometric measurement (IFM), absolute distance measurement
(ADM) or both can be verified using this document. This document can also be used to specify and
verify the relevant performance tests of other spherical coordinate measurement systems that use
cooperative targets, such as “laser radar” systems.
NOTE Systems which do not track the target, such as laser radar systems, will not be tested for probing
performance.
This document does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical coordinate
system. However, interested parties can apply this document to such systems by mutual agreement.
This document specifies:
— performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the laser tracker;
— the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated
requirements;
— rules for proving comformity;
— applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10360-8:2013, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring systems (CMS) — Part 8: CMMs with optical distance sensors
ISO 10360-9:2013, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring systems (CMS) — Part 9: CMMs with multiple probing systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
laser tracker
coordinate measuring system in which a cooperative target is followed with a laser beam and its
location determined in terms of a distance (range) and two angles
Note 1 to entry: The two angles are referred to as azimuth, θ, (rotation about a vertical axis – the standing axis of
the laser tracker) and either elevation, φ, (angle above a horizontal plane – perpendicular to the standing axis) or
zenith (angle from the standing axis).
Note 2 to entry: Care should be used with the symbols associated with spherical coordinate systems, as different
conventions exist.  For example, the description of a spherical coordinate system in ISO 80000-2 uses the symbols
differently and uses the zenith angle (away from vertical) rather than elevation.
Note 3 to entry: See Figure 1
Key
A standing axis
B horizontal plane (of the laser tracker)
θ azimuth angle
φ elevation angle
Figure 1 — Coordinate system of a laser tracker
3.2
interferometric measurement mode
IFM mode
measurement method that uses a laser displacement interferometer integrated in a laser tracker (3.1)
to determine distance (range) to a target
Note 1 to entry: Displacement interferometers can only determine differences in distance, and therefore require
a reference distance (e.g. home position).
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
3.3
absolute distance measurement mode
ADM mode
measurement method that uses time of flight instrumentation integrated in a laser tracker (3.1) to
determine the distance (range) to a target
Note 1 to entry: Time of flight instrumentation may include a variety of modulation methods to calculate the
distance to the target.
3.4
retroreflector
passive device designed to reflect light back parallel to the incident direction over a range of incident
angles
Note 1 to entry: Typical retroreflectors are the cat’s-eye, the cube corner and spheres of special material.
Note 2 to entry: Retroreflectors are cooperative targets.
Note 3 to entry: For certain systems, for example laser radar, the retroreflector will possibly be a cooperative
target such as a polished sphere.
3.5
spherically mounted retroreflector
SMR
retroreflector (3.4) that is mounted in a spherical housing
Note 1 to entry: In the case of an open-air cube corner, the vertex is typically adjusted to be coincident with the
sphere centre.
Note 2 to entry: The tests in this document are typically executed with a spherically mounted retroreflector.
Note 3 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.6
stylus and retroreflector combination
SRC
probing system that determines the measurement point utilizing a probe stylus to contact the
workpiece, a retroreflector (3.4) to determine the base location of the probe, and other means to find
the stylus orientation unit vector
Note 1 to entry: The datum for the stylus tip offset (l) is the centre of the retroreflector.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 2.
ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
a)  SMR b)  SRC
Key
A laser beam
B retroreflector
C measurement point
D contact point
E base location
F normal probing direction vector
G stylus tip offset length l
Figure 2 — Representation of SMR versus SRC (simplified figures)
3.7
optical distance sensor and retroreflector combination
ODR
probing system that determines the measurement point utilizing an optical distance sensor to measure
the workpiece, a retroreflector (3.4) to determine the base location of the optical distance sensor and
other means to find the orientation of the optical distance sensor
3.8
target nest
nest
device designed to repeatably locate an SMR (3.5)
3.9
length measurement error
E
Vo l : L : LT
E
B i : L : LT
error of indication when performing an averaged (E ) or bidirectional (E ) point-to-point
Vo l : L : LT B i : L : LT
distance measurement of a calibrated test length using a laser tracker with a stylus tip offset of L
Note 1 to entry: E and E (used frequently in this document) correspond to the common case of no
Vo l : 0 : LT B i : 0 : LT
stylus tip offset, as the retroreflector optical centre is coincident with the physical centre of the probing system
for spherically mounted retroreflectors (3.5).
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
3.10
normal CTE material
−6 −6
material with a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between 8 × 10 /°C and 13 × 10 /°C
−1
Note 1 to entry: Some documents may express CTE in units 1/K or K , which is equivalent to 1/°C.
[SOURCE: ISO 10360-2:2009, 3.3, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]
3.11
probing form error
P
Form.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
error of indication within which the range of Gaussian radial distances can be determined by a least-
squares fit of 25 points measured by a laser tracker (3.1) on a spherical material standard of size
Note 1 to entry: Only one least-squares fit is performed, and each point is evaluated for its distance (radius) from
this fitted centre.
3.12
probing size error
P
Size.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
error of indication of the diameter of a spherical material standard of size as determined by a least-
squares fit of 25 points measured with a laser tracker (3.1)
3.13
location error
two-face error
plunge and reverse error
L
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT
distance, perpendicular to the beam path, between two measurements of a stationary retroreflector
(3.4), where the second measurement is taken with the laser tracker (3.1) azimuth angle at approximately
180° from the first measurement and the laser tracker elevation angle is approximately the same
Note 1 to entry: This combination of axis rotations is known as a 'two-face' or 'plunge and reverse' test.
Note 2 to entry: The laser tracker base is fixed during this test.
3.14
maximum permissible error of length measurement
E
Vol: L: LT, MPE
E
Bi: L: LT, MPE
extreme value of the length measurement error (3.9), E or E , permitted by specifications
B i : L : LT Vo l : L : LT
Note 1 to entry: E and E (used frequently in this document) correspond to the common case of no
Vo l : 0 : LT B i : 0 : LT
stylus tip offset, as the retroreflector optical centre is coincident with the physical centre of the probing system
for spherically mounted retroreflectors (3.5).
3.15
maximum permissible error of probing form
P
Form.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT, MPE
extreme value of the probing form error (3.11), P , permitted by specifications
Form.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
3.16
maximum permissible error of probing size
P
Size.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT, MPE
extreme value of the probing size error (3.12), P , permitted by specifications
Size.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
3.17
maximum permissible error of location
L
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT, MPE
extreme value of the location error, L , permitted by specifications
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT
ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
3.18
rated operating condition
operating condition that must be fulfilled, according to specification, during measurement in order that
a measuring instrument or measuring system performs as designed
Note 1 to entry: Rated operating conditions generally specify intervals of values for a quantity being measured
and for any influence quantity.
Note 2 to entry: Within the ISO 10360 series, the term “as designed” in the definition means “as specified by
MPEs”.
Note 3 to entry: When the rated operating conditions are not met in a test according to the ISO 10360 series,
neither comformity nor non-comformity to specifications can be determined.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 4.9, modified — definition revised and Notes 2 and 3 to entry added.]
4 Symbols
For the purpose of this document, the symbols in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols of specification quantities
Symbol Meaning
E
Vo l : L : LT
Length measurement error (averaged or bi-directional lengths) where L is the stylus
tip offset
E
B i : L : LT
P Probing form error
Form.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
P Probing size error
Size.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
L Location error (from two-face tests)
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT
E
Vol: L: LT ,MPE
Maximum permissible error of length measurement where L is the stylus tip offset
E
Bi: L: LT ,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing form
Form.Sph.1x25:SMR: LT ,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing size
Size.Sph.1x25:SMR:L T ,MPE
L Maximum permissible error of location (from two-face tests)
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT,MPE
Accessory sensor testing – SRC
P Probing form error for SRC
Form.Sph.1x25:SRC:LT
P Probing size error for SRC
Size.Sph.1x25:SRC:LT
P Orientation error for SRC
Dia.15x1:SRC:LT
P Maximum permissible error of probing form for SRC
Form.Sph.1x25:SRC: LT ,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing size for SRC
Size.Sph.1x25:SRC: LT ,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of orientation for SRC
Dia.15x1:SRC: LT ,MPE
Accessory sensor testing – ODR
P Probing form error for ODR (25 points)
Form.Sph.1 × 25:ODR:LT
P Probing form error for ODR (95 % of the points)
Form.Sph.D95 %:ODR:LT
P Probing size error for ODR (25 points)
Size.Sph.1 × 25:ODR:LT
P Probing size error for ODR (all points)
Si z e . Sp h . A l l : O D R : LT
E Flat form error of measurement with ODR (95 % of the points)
Form.Pla.D95 %:ODR:LT
P Maximum permissible error of probing form for ODR (25 points)
Form.Sph.1 × 25:ODR: LT ,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing form for ODR (95 % of the points)
Form.Sph.D95 %:ODR: LT ,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing size for ODR (25 points)
Size.Sph.1 × 25:ODR: LT ,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing size for ODR (all points)
Size.Sph.All: ODR: LT ,MPE
6 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Meaning
Maximum permissible error of flat form measurement with ODR (95 % of the
E
Form.Pla.D95 %:ODR: LT ,MPE
points)
Multiple sensor testing
P Multiple probing system form error
Form.Sph.nx25::MPS.LT
P Multiple probing system size error
Size.Sph.nx25::MPS.LT
L Multiple probing system location error
Dia.n × 25::MPS.LT
P Maximum permissible multiple probing system form error
Form.Sph.nx25::MPS.LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible multiple probing system size error
Size.Sph.nx25::MPS.LT,MPE
L Maximum permissible multiple probing system location error
Dia.n × 25::MPS.LT,MPE
NOTE 1 For the common case of length testing with an SMR, L will be equal to 0 (e.g. E ).
B i : 0 : LT
NOTE 2 The specific combinations of sensors for the multiple probing system errors depend on the sensors
provided with the laser tracker system. It is possible to explicitly capture the combination in the symbol, such as
P , where the symbols indicating sensors are listed alphabetically.
Size.Sph.2x25:ODS,SMR: MPS .LT
NOTE 3 In the multiple sensor testing entries, n (in n × 25) is the number of sensors being involved (n ≥ 2).
5 Rated operating conditions
5.1 Environmental conditions
Limits for permissible environmental conditions such as temperature conditions, air pressure, humidity
and vibration at the site of usage or testing that influence the measurements shall be specified by:
— the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests;
— the user, in the case of reverification tests.
In both cases, the user is free to choose the environmental conditions under which the testing will be
performed within the specified limits (Form 1 in Annex A is the recommended method for specifying
these conditions).
If the user wishes to have testing performed under environmental conditions other than the ambient
conditions of the test site (e.g. at an elevated or lowered temperature), agreement between parties
regarding who bears the cost of environmental conditioning should be attained.
5.2 Operating conditions
The conditions required by the manufacturer in order to meet the MPE specification shall be specified
(e.g. as given in a specification sheet).
In addition, the laser tracker shall be operated using the procedures given in the manufacturer's
operating manual when conducting the tests given in Clause 6. Specific areas in the manufacturer's
manual to be adhered to include:
a) machine start-up/warm-up cycles;
b) machine compensation procedures;
c) cleaning procedures for retroreflector and nests;
d) SMR or SRC qualification;
e) location, type and number of environmental sensors (i.e. “the weather station”);
ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
f) location, type and number of thermal workpiece sensors;
g) stability and vibration isolation of the mounting.
6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests
6.1 General
In the following:
— acceptance tests are executed according to the manufacturer's specifications and procedures that
are in conformity with this document;
— reverification tests are executed according to the user's specifications and the manufacturer's
procedures.
If specifications permit, the laser tracker may be tested in an orientation other than the normal upright,
vertical orientation. In every case, the azimuth and elevation angles will be oriented with respect to
the laser tracker. The position and orientation of the calibrated test lengths with respect to the laser
tracker shall be clearly defined before the tests begin. In general, the calibrated test lengths will not
rotate with the laser tracker. However, the locations for probing and two-face tests will maintain a
fixed relationship with respect to the laser tracker's standing axis (i.e. they will rotate with the laser
tracker). For example, if the laser tracker is mounted with its standing axis horizontal, the 'above' and
'below' directions described in Table 2 and Table 3 will be parallel to the standing axis.
Where least squares (Gaussian) fitting is used in the derivation of test results, this shall be an
unconstrained fit to the data, unless constraints to the fitting are explicitly stated.
As the two-face tests can be performed quickly and will immediately reveal problems with the laser
tracker geometry and its correction, it is recommended that some or all of these tests be performed
first.
6.2 Probing size and form errors
6.2.1 Principle
The principle of this test procedure is to measure the size and form of a test sphere using 25 points
probed with the SMR, SRC or ODR. Refer to Annex F or Annex G for additional information about testing
with the SRC or ODR sensors, respectively. A least-squares sphere fit of the 25 points is examined for
the errors of indication for form and size. This analysis yields the form error, P , and
Form.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
the size error, P .
Size.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
NOTE 1 Probing errors P and P do not apply to laser radar systems.
Form.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT Size.Sph.1x25:SMR:LT
NOTE 2 These are tests of the laser tracker system's ability to locate individual points in space. These tests are
not intended to check any of the specifications supplied by an SMR manufacturer, although errors in the SMR will
influence the test results.
NOTE 3 When performing this test with an SMR, three types of errors in the SMR can influence the results of
this test. If the sphere within which the retroreflector is mounted is not a perfect sphere, this will influence the
test result. Also, if the mirrored surfaces which comprise the retroreflector are not mutually orthogonal, or if
their point of intersection is not coincident with the sphere centre, the test result will be affected.
6.2.2 Reference artefact
The material standard of size, i.e. the test sphere, shall have a nominal diameter not less than 10 mm
and not greater than 51 mm. The test sphere shall be calibrated for size and form.
NOTE It can be difficult to make measurements on smaller test spheres due to interference with the sphere
mount.
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ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
6.2.3 Procedure
Mount the test sphere so that a full hemisphere can be probed. When an SMR is used for probing, the
test sphere support should be oriented away from the laser tracker. For an SRC, the support should be
located away from the normal probing direction (see Figure 2).
The test sphere should be mounted rigidly to minimize errors due to bending.
Measure and record 25 points. The points shall be approximately evenly distributed over at least a
hemisphere of the test sphere. Their position shall be at the discretion of the user and, if not specified,
the following probing pattern is recommended (see Figure 3):
— one point on the pole of the test sphere;
— four points (equally spaced) 22,5° below the pole;
— eight points (equally spaced) 45° below the pole and rotated 22,5° relative to the previous group;
— four points (equally spaced) 67,5° below the pole and rotated 22,5° relative to the previous group;
— eight points (equally spaced) 90° below the pole (i.e. on the equator) and rotated 22,5° relative to
the previous group.
NOTE Due to the manual nature of point measurement with laser trackers, it is recognized that the exact
points recommended will possibly not be measured.
ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
Key
A pole
Figure 3 — Location of probing points
The results of these tests can be highly dependent on the distance of the retroreflector from the laser
tracker, especially for the SRC and ODR sensors. Therefore, the test shall be performed at the required
distances from the laser tracker, as indicated in Table 2.
Table 2 — Probe testing locations
Distance from laser tracker Required for these sensors Height relative to laser tracker centre
b
of rotation
a
< 2 m SMR, SRC, ODR approximately same height
approximately 10 m SRC, ODR more than 1 m above or below
a
Where a manufacturer's specifications explicitly state that an SRC or ODR sensor only performs at a distance
greater than 2 m from the laser tracker, the test shall be performed at the minimum stated distance.
b
The probe testing locations will have the same location and orientation relative to the laser tracker's standing axis if
the laser tracker is not oriented vertically.
10 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2021(E)
6.2.4 Derivation of test results
6.2.4.1 Size errors
Using all 25 measurements, compute the Gaussian associated sphere. Record the diameter of this
sphere. The signed difference of this (measured) diameter from the calibrated (reference) diameter of
the test sphere, i.e. D – D , is the probing size error, P (where xxx is replaced by
MEAS REF Size.Sph.1x25:xxx:LT
SMR, SRC or ODR, as applicable).
6.2.4.2 Form errors
For each of the 25 measurements, calculate the Gaussian radial distance, R, as the distance from the
centre of the least-squares sphere to the measurement point. Record the range of these values, i.e. R
max
– R , as the probing form error, P (where xxx is replaced by SMR, SRC or ODR, as
min Form.Sph.1x25:xxx:LT
applicable).
6.3 Location errors (two-face tests)
6.3.1 Principle
The principle of this test procedure is to detect geometrical errors of the laser tracker by measuring
the location of a stationary retroreflector twice in different laser tracker configurations. These
configurations are obtained by 1) measuring in normal mode, 2) with the azimuth angle at
approximately 180° from the first configuration and moving the elevation angle until pointing at
the retroreflector, and then 3) allowing both azimuth and elevation angles to change (slightly) to
reacquire the retroreflector. The apparent distance, perpendicular to the laser beam, between the two
measurements of the retroreflector yields the test result, L .
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT
6.3.2 Reference artefact
The equipment for this test is a target nest that is mounted rigidly at the positions required in Table 3.
6.3.3 Procedure
Mount the target nest so that the nest and its support will not interfere with measurement of the
retroreflector. The target nest should be mounted rigidly to minimize uncertainty in the measurements.
Place the SMR in the nest and measure the location of the SMR using the two angles and the distance
(range). Rotate both angular axes of the laser tracker by the appropriate angles and reacquire the
retroreflector. Measure this location of the retroreflector in the angles only, using the distance value
from the first measurement.
The results of these tests can be highly dependent on the distance of the SMR from the laser tracker
and influenced by the laser tracker's angular orientation. Therefore, these tests shall be performed
at two or more distances from the laser tracker and at three different orientations, as indicated in
Table 3. The distance from the laser tracker is the horizontal distance between the laser tracker and
the retroreflector position, and the orientation angle is the nominal a
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