prEN ISO 3691-2

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2008
Vozila za talni transport - Varnostne zahteve in pregledi - 2. del: Samognana vozila
s spremenljivim dosegom (ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008)
Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 2: Self-propelled variable-
reach trucks (ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008)
Flurförderzeuge - Sicherheitsanforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil 2:
Motorkraftbetriebene Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite (ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008)
Chariots de manutention - Exigences de sécurité et vérification - Partie 2: Chariots
automoteurs a portée variable (ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 3691-2
ICS:
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2008
ICS 53.060 Will supersede EN 1459:1998, EN 1726-1:1998
English Version
Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 2:
Self-propelled variable-reach trucks (ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008)
Chariots de manutention - Exigences de sécurité et Flurförderzeuge - Sicherheitsanforderungen und
vérification - Partie 2: Chariots automoteurs à portée Verifizierung - Teil 2: Motorkraftbetriebene Stapler mit
variable (ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008) veränderlicher Reichweite (ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for third parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 150.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 3691-2:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.3

Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 3691-2:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110 "Industrial
trucks" in collaboration with by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial Trucks - Safety” the secretariat of
which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the third parallel Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1459:1998, EN 1726-1:1998.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008 has been approved by CEN as a prEN ISO 3691-2:2008 without any
modification.
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 3691-2.3
ISO/TC 110/SC 2 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2008-06-26 2008-08-26
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification —
Part 2:
Self-propelled variable-reach trucks
Chariots de manutention — Exigences de sécurité et vérification —
Partie 2: Chariots automoteurs à portée variable
ICS 53.060
ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
The CEN Secretary-General has advised the ISO Secretary-General that this ISO/DIS covers a subject
of interest to European standardization. In accordance with the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as
defined in the Vienna Agreement, consultation on this ISO/DIS has the same effect for CEN
members as would a CEN enquiry on a draft European Standard. Should this draft be accepted, a
final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month FDIS
vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©
International Organization for Standardization, 2008

ISO/DIS 3691-2.3
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ii ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 List of significant hazards .5
5 Requirements.12
6 Verification of requirements and safety measures.24
7 Information for use.25
Annex A (informative) Rated capacity of truck .34
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC .38

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3691-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee SC 2.
This edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3691:1980), which has been technically revised.
ISO 3691 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and
verification:
 Part 1: Self propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless and variable reach trucks, and burden
carriers
 Part 2: Self propelled industrial variable reach trucks
 Part 3: Additional requirements for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks specifically designed
to travel with elevated loads
 Part 4: Driverless industrial trucks and their systems
 Part 5: Pedestrian propelled trucks
 Part 6: Burden and personnel carriers
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
Introduction
0.1 General
This International Standard covers safety requirements and verification of industrial trucks as defined in
Standard ISO 5053 - Terminology.
For the purpose of this Standard, industrial trucks are wheeled self propelled or manually driven vehicles,
except those running on rails. They are either operator controlled or driverless and are designed to carry, tow,
push, lift, stack or tier in racks.
0.2 Structure
An important step forward within the work for this standard was the agreement to issue a new structure of
International Standards for industrial trucks having on one side basic standards for all kinds of trucks (see
Foreword) and on the other side independent standards to cover the respective specific functions of industrial
trucks e.g. visibility, noise, vibration, electrical requirements etc.
0.3 Assessment of hazards
The product should be designed in such a way that it is fit for its purpose or function and can be adjusted and
maintained without putting persons at risk when it is used under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer.
In order to properly design a product and to cover all specific safety requirements, the manufacturer should
identify the hazards that apply to his product and should carry out a risk assessment. He then should design
and construct it taking account of this assessment.
The aim of this procedure is to eliminate the risk of accidents throughout the foreseeable lifetime of the
machinery including the phases of assembling and dismantling where risks of accidents could also arise from
foreseeable abnormal situations.
In selecting the most appropriate methods the manufacturer should apply the following principles in the order
given:
 Eliminate or reduce risks as far as possible by design (inherently safe machinery design and
construction);
 take the necessary protection measures in relation to risks that can not be eliminated by design;
 inform users of the residual risks due to any shortcoming of the protection measures adopted;
 indicate whether any particular training is required;
 specify any need to provide personal protection equipment and;
 refer to the appropriate users document for proper operating instructions.
The machinery should be designed to prevent abnormal use, wherever possible, if such would engender risk.
In other cases the instructions should draw the user's attention to ways – which experience has shown might
occur – in which the machinery should not be used.
ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
A list of significant hazards is given in clause 4 of each part of the standard. The list provides guidance on
appropriate measures to protect against the risks involved.
This International Standard does not repeat all the technical rules which are state of the art and which are
applicable to the material used to construct the industrial truck. Reference should be made to ISO 12100-2.
0.4 Legislative situation/Vienna Agreement
From the very beginning, the task of the working group was to revise the standard and to establish world wide
basic standards to comply with the major legislative regulations in the world, e.g. EU, USA and Japan.
For several potential problem areas compromises were needed and will be needed in the future.
In order to ensure that the revised ISO Standard is actively used in the ISO countries world wide, procedures
are necessary to replace the existing national standards and technical regulations by the revised ISO
Standard. In the European Community ISO and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) agreed
on technical co-operation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement) with the aim to replace the European
Standards (EN) by the later worldwide ISO standards by using the parallel voting procedure automatically.
Other countries are asked to issue similar agreements to ensure that their national standards and technical
regulations are replaced by this ISO Standard.
Only by these actions there will be the guarantee that products in accordance with the ISO standards could be
shipped world wide freely without any technical barriers.
vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 3691-2

Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification —
Part 2:
Self-propelled variable-reach trucks
1 Scope
1.1 This part of 3691 specifies the safety requirements for self-propelled seated rider operated variable
reach trucks as defined in 3.1 equipped with load handling devices for normal industrial duties, e.g. fork arms
or platforms, or attachments for specified applications mounted directly on non-slewing lifting means or an
auxiliary mast fixed at the end of the lifting means.
Fork arms, load platforms and integrated attachments are considered to be parts of the industrial truck.
NOTE Trucks can be equipped with stabilizers, axle locking or lateral levelling devices.
Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable, by the user are not
considered to be part of the industrial truck.
For attachments the appropriate clauses of this standard are applicable.
1.2 This part of 3691 does not apply to:
— Rough terrain variable reach trucks
— Machines designed primarily for earth moving, such as loaders and dozers, even though their buckets and
blades are replaced with forks.
— Machines with variable length load suspension elements (chain, ropes, etc.) from which the load may swing
freely in all directions
This part of ISO 3691 does not cover those requirements to reduce hazards which may occur:
a) during construction;
b) when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;
c) when using trucks on public roads;
d) when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres;
e) from noise, vibration, electromagnetic compatibility and visibility.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21281:2005, Construction and layout of pedals of self-propelled sit-down rider-controlled industrial trucks
– Rules for the construction and layout of pedals
ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
ISO 2328:1993, Fork-lift trucks -- Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages -- Mounting dimensions
ISO 2330:2002, Fork lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 2867:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements — Access systems
ISO 3287:1999, Powered industrial trucks — Symbols for operator controls and other displays
ISO 3411:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator
space envelope
ISO 3691-1.2:2006, Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification — Part 1: Self-propelled trucks,
other than driverless trucks, variable reach trucks, and burden carrier trucks
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry – Determination of burning
behaviour of interior materials
ISO 5053:1995, Powered industrial trucks — Terminology
ISO 6055:2004, Industrial trucks — Overhead guards — Specification and testing
ISO 6292:1996, Powered industrial trucks and tractors — Brake performance and component strength
ISO 9533:1989, Earth-moving machinery — Machine mounted forward and reverse audible warning alarm —
Sound test method
ISO 5010: 1992, Earth moving machinery — Rubber tyred machines — Steering requirements
ISO 10658:1996, Industrial trucks operating in special conditions of stacking with the load laterally displaced
by powered devices — Additional stability tests
ISO 13284:2003, Fork lift trucks — Fork arm extensions and telescopic fork arms — Technical characteristics
and strength requirements.
ISO 13562-1:2000, Industrial variable reach trucks — Part 1: Stability tests
ISO 13562-2:2001, Industrial variable reach trucks — Part 2: Additional stability tests for trucks handling
freight containers of 6 m length and above
ISO 15870:2000, Powered industrial trucks — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO 15871:2000, Industrial trucks – Specification for indicator lights for container handling and grappler arm
operations
ISO 20898, Industrial trucks – Electrical requirements
ISO 24135, Industrial trucks – Operator restraint systems – Specifications and test methods for lap-type seat
belts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions of the main truck components given in ISO 5053
together with the following apply.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
3.1
self-propelled seated rider operated variable reach trucks
self-propelled seated rider operated variable reach trucks (hereinafter referred to as “trucks”) are
counterbalanced lift trucks with one or more articulated arms, telescopic or not, non-slewing, as defined in ISO
5053, clause 4.13.2.2 used for stacking loads.
3.2
actual capacity of truck
load in kg (depending on lift height and/or forward reach, attachment and load centre distance) specified by
the manufacturer, taking into account the stability test results and as indicated by the load chart
3.3
actual capacity at maximum lift height with forks
maximum load “Q2” in kg, specified by the manufacturer, that the truck is capable of lifting to its maximum
height in normal operating conditions.
NOTE It is equal to the maximum load “Q2” with centre of gravity “G” (see Figure A.1), carried on the fork arms at the
standard load centre “D” as specified in A.1 and with the boom adjusted to its maximum height
3.4
actual capacity at maximum lift height with spreader
maximum load “Q2” in kg, specified by the manufacturer, that the truck is capable of lifting to its maximum
height in normal operating conditions.
NOTE It is equal to the maximum load “Q2” with centre of gravity “G” (see Figure A.2), carried using a spreader at
the standard load centre distance as specified in A.2 and with the boom adjusted to its maximum height
3.5
actual capacity at maximum forward reach with forks
maximum load “Q3” in kg, specified by the manufacturer that the truck is capable of lifting to its maximum
forward reach in normal operating conditions.
NOTE It is equal to the maximum load “Q3” with centre of gravity “G” (see Figure A.1), carried on the fork arms at the
standard load centre “D” as specified in A.1 and with the boom adjusted to its maximum forward reach
3.6
actual capacity at maximum forward reach with spreader
maximum load “Q3” in kg, specified by the manufacturer that the truck is capable of lifting to its maximum
forward reach in normal operating conditions.
NOTE It is equal to the maximum load “Q3” with centre of gravity “G” (see Figure A.2), carried using a spreader at
the standard load centre distance as specified in A.2 and with the boom adjusted to its maximum forward reach
3.7
actual capacity with stabilisers in use (if equipped)
maximum load in kg, specified by the manufacturer that the truck is capable of lifting with the stabilisers
deployed
3.8
rated capacity of removable attachments
maximum load in kg that the attachment is permitted by its manufacturer to handle in normal operation under
specified conditions.
NOTE For carriages, this does not include the capacity of the forks
3. 9
axle locking
mechanism designed to stop oscillation of the rear axle to improve truck stability
ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
3. 10
stabilizer
extendable or pivoting mechanical supports used to improve stability of a stationary truck
3. 11
lateral levelling
changing the angular relationship between the boom pivot and the ground in order to adjust the boom pivot to
horizontal when the truck is standing on a side slope.
NOTE This is to ensure the boom operates in a vertical plane
3. 12
fork arms
a device including two or more solid fork arms (hook mounted or shaft mounted) which is fitted on the carriage
and usually spread manually
3. 13
fork arm extensions
devices fitted over the fork arms to increase their length
3. 14
boom
the pivoting support member providing radial and telescoping (if equipped) movement of the load engaging
means
3. 15
spreader
a device fitted to the boom and designed to connect the lifting points of freight containers, swap bodies and
semi-trailers.
NOTE It may have powered devices to connect the lifting points of the load and an articulated mechanism to facilitate
engagement
intended to carry bulk products such as sand, gravel, coal etc
3.16
overhead guard
a device fitted to the truck for the purpose of protecting the operator against falling objects
3.17
load backrest
that portion of the fork carriage serving to restrain the load when the load is tilted rearward or upward
3.18
normal operating position
a position in which the operator shall be capable of controlling all the operating and load handling functions.
NOTE Other positions may prove necessary if it is not possible to control all the functions of the truck from a single
position.
3.19
forward travel
forward direction of travel occurs when the load handling means is leading the travel motion of the truck
3.20
front and rear ends of truck
the front end of a truck is that which leads in the forward direction of travel described in 3.19.
NOTE The rear end of a truck is that which trails
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
3.21
quick fastening device
a device fitted at the end of the boom to connect and lock interchangeable attachments without the use of a
tool
3.22
auxiliary mast
a mast at the end of the boom intended to reach greater lifting heights
3.23
non-slewing
having a slewing movement not greater than 5° either side of the longitudinal axis of the truck (see Figure 1)

Figure 1 — Slewing movement
4 List of significant hazards
The following hazards may be applicable and could involve risks to persons if not addressed. The
corresponding requirements offer guidance to limit the risk or reduce these hazards. The numbering of the
hazards is identical to ISO 14121.
Hazard Corresponding requirement
4.1 Mechanical hazards
4.1.1 Crushing hazard 5.3 Brakes
5.4 Controls
5.5.4 Access to engine and
other compartments
5.7 Operator position
5.7.4 Guards for wheels
5.7.6 Protection against crushing, shearing
and trapping
5.7.7 Operator restraint
5.9.1 Overhead guard
5.9.2 Warning device
5.10.1 Visibility
5.11.1 Operator’s cab
5.11.2 Provisions for transportation of the
5º
5º
ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
truck and removable attachments
5.12 Systems for towing
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
7.3.4.5 Warnings
4.1.2 Shearing hazard 5.3 Brakes
5.4 Controls
5.5.4 Access to engine and
other compartments
5.7 Operator position
5.7.4 Guards for wheels
5.7.6 Protection against crushing, shearing
and trapping
5.7.7 Operator restraint
5.9.1 Overhead guard
5.10.1 Visibility
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
7.3.4.5 Warnings
4.1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.1.4 Edges or angles
5.5.4 Access to engine and
other compartments
5.7.6 Protection against crushing, shearing
and trapping
7.2.5 Service and maintenance of truck
and/or attachment(s)
4.1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.5.4 Access to engine and
other compartments
4.1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.5.4 Access to engine and
other compartments
5.7.4 Guards for wheels
5.7.6 Protection against crushing, shearing
and trapping points
5.11.1 Operator's cab
4.1.6 Impact hazard
- from mechanical failure 5.6.1 Chains
5.6.2 Hydraulic lifting system
5.6.4 Fork arms
6 Verification of requirements and
safety requirements
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
7.2.5 Service and maintenance of truck
and/or attachment(s)
- from unstable loads 5.6.2 Hydraulic lifting system
5.6.4 Fork arms
5.6.6 Fork carriers
5.6.7 Load handling attachments
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
5.6.8 Load retention device
5.9.1 Overhead guard
- from road debris 5.7.4 Guards for wheels
- from lifting or transporting a truck 5.11.2 Provisions for transport of the
truck and removable attachments
4.1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard 5.1.4 Edges or angles
7.2.5 Service and maintenance of the truck
and/or attachment(s)
4.1.9 High pressure fluid ejection 5.1.5 Stored energy components
or ejection hazard 5.6.3.1 Hydraulic circuit
5.6.3.2 Pressure control
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
4.3 Thermal hazards
4.3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a 5.5.1 Exhaust system
possible contact of persons with an 5.7.5 Protection from burning
extreme high or low temperature, by 5.11.1.2 Fire resistance
flames or explosions and also by the
radiation of heat sources
4.3.2 Damage to health by hot or cold 5.11.1 Operator's cab
working environment
4.4 Hazards generated by noise
4.4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other
physiological disorders 7.2.1 Concerning the truck/attachment
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
4.4.2 Interference with speech
communication, acoustic signals, etc. 7.2.1 Concerning the truck/attachment
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
4.7 Hazards generated by materials
4.7.1 Hazards from contact with or 5.5.1 Exhaust system
inhalation of harmful fluids, gases 5.11.1.3 Ventilation
mists, fumes, and dusts 7.2.4 Details for internal combustion engine
powered trucks
4.7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 5.5.3 Fuel tanks
5.5.5 Additional requirements
for internal combustion engine driven
trucks using liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG)
5.11.1.2 Fire resistance
7.2.1 Concerning the truck/attachment

4.8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principals in machinery design
4.8.1 Unhealthy postures or excess effort 5.7.1 Dimensions
ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
5.7.3 Operator access
5.7.2 Operator's seat
5.9.1 Overhead guard
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
4.8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm 5.5.1 Exhaust system
or foot-leg anatomy 5.11.1.4 Heater, demister and defroster
7.2.1 Concerning the truck/attachment
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachments
4.8.4 Inadequate local lighting 5.10.2 Lighting

4.8.6 Human error, human behaviour 5.4.7 Marking
7.1 General
7.2 Instruction handbook
7.3.4.5 Warnings
4.8.7 Inadequate design, location or

- Controls of manually operated lifting 5.4 Controls
systems
- Strength of brake components 5.3 Brakes

4.10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed
4.10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system 5.2.2 Unintended movement
5.6.3 Hydraulic system
5.6.7 Load handling attachments
7.2.5 Service and maintenance of the truck
and/or attachments
4.13 Failure of the power supply See 4.10.1
4.14 Failure of the control circuit See 4.10.1
4.15 Errors of fitting 5.1.5 Stored energy components
7.2.5 Service and maintenance of the truck
and/or attachments
7.2.6 Transportation, commissioning and
storage
4.17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
4.18 Loss of stability/overturning of 5.8 Stability
machinery 7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
7.3 Marking
8 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
4.19 Slip, trip and fall of persons 5.73 Operator access
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility
4.20.1 Movement when starting the engine
- Layout of pedals 5.4.2.1 Pedal operated travel and braking
controls
- Additional operator positions 5.4.1.3 Multiple operating positions
4.20.2 Movement without the driver at the 5.2.2 Unintended movement
driving position
4.21 Linked to the work position on the machine
4.21.1 Fall of persons during access (or at/from)  5.7.3 Operator access
the work position
4.21.2 Exhaust gases/lack of oxygen at the 5.5.1 Exhaust system
work position 5.5.4 Access to engine and
other compartments
5.7 Operator position
5.7.5 Protection from burning
4.21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work position:

fall of objects, penetration of objects 5.9.1 Overhead guard
5.6.8 Load retention device
5.11.1 Operator’s cab
4.21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work 5.10.1 Visibility
position 5.11.1.5 Wipers and washers

4.21.6 Inadequate lighting 5.10.2 Lighting
4.21.7 Inadequate seating 5.7 Operator’s position
4.21.8 Noise at the work position See above; 4
4.21.9 Vibration at the work position See above; 5

4.22 Due to the control system
4.22.1 Inadequate location of manual controls

- Controls of manually operated lifting 5.4.4 Load handling controls
- Strength of brake components 5.3 Brakes
- Controls for automated functions 5.4.6 Other controls

4.22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls See above; 4.22.1
ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
and their mode of operation
4.24 Due to the power source and the
transmission of power
4.24.1 Hazards from the engine and the 5.5.1 Exhaust system
batteries 5.5.3 Fuel tanks
5.5.5 Additional requirements
for internal combustion engine driven
trucks using liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG)
7.2.1 Concerning the truck/ attachment
7.2.3 Details for battery powered trucks
7.2.4 Details for internal combustion engine
powered trucks
4.24.3 Hazards from coupling and towing 5.12 Systems for towing
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
4.25 From/to third persons
4.25.1 Unauthorised start-up/use 5.2.1 Unauthorised starting
5.8 Stability
5.9.2 Warning device
5.12 Systems for towing
5.11.2 Provisions for transportation of the
truck and removable attachments
6.2 Functional verification
7.2.2 Operation of the truck and/or
attachment(s)
Additional hazards due to lifting operation
4.27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous See above; 3.1
4.27.1 from load falls, collisions, machine
tipping caused by:
4.27.1.1 lack of stability 5.8 Stability
4.27.1.2 uncontrolled loading – overloading - 5.6.3.2 Pressure control
overturning moments exceeded 5.8 Stability
6.1 General
4.27.1.4 unexpected/unintended movement of 5.4.2 Travel and braking controls
loads 5.4.4 Load handling controls
5.4.5 Multi-function controls
5.6.3 Hydraulic system
5.6.7 Load handling attachments
10 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
4.27.4 from insufficient mechanical strength 5.6.1 Chains
of parts 5.6.4 Fork arms
5.6.7 Load handling attachments
6.1 Verification, General
4.27.6 from inadequate selection of chains, 5.6.1 Chains
ropes, lifting and accessories and their 5.6.4 Fork arms
inadequate integration into the machine 5.6.7 Load handling attachments
6.1 General
4.29 Hazards generated by neglecting
ergonomic principles
4.29.1 insufficient visibility from the driving 5.10.1 Visibility
position
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to the lifting or
moving of persons
4.37 Human error, human behaviour 5.4.7 Marking
7.1 General
7.2 Instruction handbook
7.3.4.5 Warnings
Additional hazards
4.38 Failure of energy supply 5.3.3 Failure of energy supply
5.4.3.2 Failure of power supply
4.39 Road traffic of self-propelled machinery

- Steering shock 5.4.2 Travel and braking controls
- Direction of movement 5.4.2.2 Differential locking pedal
5.4.3.1 Steering direction
5.4.5 Multi-function controls
5.10.2 Lighting
4.40 Movement of pedestrian-controlled
machinery
- Direction of movement 5.4.1.1 Consistency with truck motions

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
5 Requirements
5.1 General
5.1.1 Normal climatic conditions
The following requirements apply in these climatic conditions:
− Average ambient temperature for continuous duty:     +25 °C;
− Maximum ambient temperature, short term (up to 1 h):    +40 °C;
− Lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal indoor conditions: +5 °C;
− Lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal outdoor conditions: -20 °C;
− Altitude:         up to 2 000 m;

5.1.2 Climatic conditions other than normal
When the climatic conditions differ from those stated in 5.1.1, it is necessary to use either:
a) a truck complying with other existing International Standard(s) covering the different specific conditions; or
b) a truck, the performance of which is agreed upon between the interested parties. This agreed
performance shall not be less than that required by normal climatic conditions.
5.1.3 Normal operating conditions
Normal operating conditions are those defined in the stability documents as shown in 5.8.
5.1.4 Electrical requirements
Requirements for electrical systems and equipment are in ISO/DIS 20898.
5.1.5 Edges or angles
There shall be no sharp edges or angles posing a hazard in the area of the operator in the normal operating
position and in the area of access and egress during normal operation and daily checks.
5.1.6 Stored energy components
Components which store energy and would cause a risk during removal or disassembly, e.g. hydraulic
accumulator or spring applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy before removal or
disassembly.
5.2 Starting/Moving
5.2.1  Unauthorised starting
Trucks shall be provided with a device (e. g. a key, a code, a magnetic card) which prevents starting without
that device.
12 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
5.2.2   Unintended movement
5.2.2.1 Parking brake
A parking brake shall be provided conforming to the requirements specified in 5.3.
5.2.2.2 Internal combustion engine powered trucks
Internal combustion engine powered trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine being
started whilst the transmission is engaged.
5.2.2.3 Travel controls
Travel controls on internal combustion engine powered trucks shall be so arranged that on level ground the
truck will not move from rest until the transmission has been engaged.
5.2.2.4 Powered travel movement
Powered travel movement of the truck with a ride on operator must be possible only if the operator is in the
normal operating position.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator assumes the normal operating position without

an additional operation, e.g. by requiring resetting the direction control, reactivating speed control, etc.
5.3 Brakes
5.3.1 General
All industrial trucks shall be designed with service and parking brakes complying with ISO 6292, disregarding
the rated load limitation of ISO 6292. The parking brake shall be equipped with a system preventing any
unintentional release. The parking brake shall be mechanically applied
5.3.2 Service and parking brakes
Electromechanical parking and service brakes shall be applied mechanically and released electrically.
Hydromechanical parking brakes shall be applied mechanically and released hydraulically.
Hydromechanical park brake systems which provide devices for manual release of the parking brake shall not
disable the service brakes.
5.3.3 Failure of energy supply
Failure of the energy supply for the brake release shall not result in loss of braking for automatically acting
brakes.
5.4 Manual control actuator
5.4.1 General
5.4.1.1 Consistency with the truck motions
The motions of each control where practicable shall be consistent with the motions of the truck that are carried
out by the control being operated.
The controls shall be confined within the plan view outline of the truck’s overhead guard or falling object
protective structure.
ISO/DIS 3691-2:2008
5.4.2 Multiple operators
If additional operating positions are fitted, e.g. more than one operator, the operation of the controls shall only
be possible from one operating position at a time, except the emergency switch off, which shall be operable
from all positions.
5.4.2.1  Multiple operating positions
If more than one operating position is fitted for a single operator, the use of the controls of one operating
position shall preclude the use of the controls of other operating positions, except the emergency switch off,
which shall be operable from all positions.
5.4.3  Travel and braking controls
The motion of the speed operating control shall be designed in a way that an increase in the movement of the
control increases the travel speed. When the control is released, it shall return to the neutral position of the
control actuator.
5.4.3.1  Pedal operated travel and braking controls
Pedal operated travel and braking controls shall comply with ISO 21281.
5.4.3.2 Differential locking pedal
If the truck is equipped with a pedal operated differential lock, depressing the pedal shall lock the differential.
If the truck is equipped with a differential lock which is engaged by other means (e.g. switch or hand lever),
the engaged and disengaged positions shall be clearly marked.
5.4.3.3 Hand operated direction control lever
The movement of a direction control lever shall correspond to the required direction of travel.
5.4.3.4 Hand operated accelerator control
The control lever shall be a hold to run control, on release of the control its movement shall return to minimum
speed position. Movement of the control lever to front or clockwise shall increase speed.
5.4.3.5 Hand operated transmission gear change lever
The positions for gear engagement shall be clearly identified.
5.4.4 Steering controls
5.4.4.1 Steering direction
a) For trucks with steering wheel control, clockwise rotation of a steering wheel shall steer the truck to the
right when the truck is travelling in the forward direction.
On trucks with a crab-steer mode (all wheels on the truck turn in the same direction), clockwise rotation of
the steering wheel shall move the truck to the right when the
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