EN ISO 15148:2002

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
Higrotermalne lastnosti gradbenih materialov in proizvodov – Ugotavljanje
koeficienta navzemanja z vodo z metodo delne potopitve (ISO 15148:2002)
Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of water
absorption coefficient by partial immersion (ISO 15148:2002)
Wärme- und feuchtetechnisches Verhalten von Baustoffen und Bauprodukten -
Bestimmung des Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten bei teilweisem Eintauchen (ISO
15148:2002)
Performance hygrothermique des matériaux et produits pour le bâtiment - Détermination
du coefficient d'absorption d'eau par immersion partielle (ISO 15148:2002)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15148:2002
ICS:
91.100.01 Gradbeni materiali na Construction materials in
splošno general
91.120.30 =DãþLWDSUHGYODJR Waterproofing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 15148
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2002
ICS 91.100.01
English version
Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products -
Determination of water absorption coefficient by partial
immersion (ISO 15148:2002)
Performance hygrothermique des matériaux et produits Wärme- und feuchtetechnisches Verhalten von Baustoffen
pour le bâtiment - Détermination du coefficient d'absorption und Bauprodukten - Bestimmung des
d'eau par immersion partielle (ISO 15148:2002) Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten bei teilweisem Eintauchen
(ISO 15148:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15148:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle.6
5 Apparatus.6
6 Test specimens.6
7 Procedure.7
8 Calculation and expression of results .9
9 Accuracy of measurement.11
10 Test report .11
Annex A (informative)  Liquid transport phenomena in building materials .13
Annex ZA (normative)  Normative references to international publications with their relevant
European publications .15
Bibliography .16
Foreword
This document EN ISO 15148:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 "Thermal
performance of buildings and building components", the secretariat of which is held by SIS, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 "Thermal insulation".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
June 2003.
This standard is one of a series of standards which specify test methods for the thermal and moisture related
properties of building materials and products.
NOTE  Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative).
Annex A is informative, annex ZA is normative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
The movement of moisture within hygroscopic capillary building materials is a combination of vapour and liquid
flows which have complex interactions with the temperature and humidity gradients and the properties of the
materials present. Three stages can be identified.
a) At very low humidities transport is by vapour diffusion alone and the permeability can be derived from dry-cup
tests, defined in ISO 12572.
b) At higher relative humidities in the hygroscopic region, up to about 95 % relative humidity, there is a mixture of
gas and water filled pores with simultaneous flows of vapour and liquid. The increasing liquid flow causes the
exponentially increasing permeability measured by cup tests under isothermal conditions. However, under
practical, non-isothermal conditions this liquid flow could increase, or decrease, the total mass flow.
c) Above about 95 % relative humidity, depending on the material, the total mass transport is governed by transport
in the liquid phase. This is the situation that arises when a material is dipped in water or severely wetted e.g. by
driving rain. The water moves under the hydraulic pressure, the negative suction pressure. After the water
source is removed, the hydraulic pressure ceases and the liquid is redistributed within the material at a different
rate (stages b) and c) do not necessarily apply to all hygroscopic materials).
Methods are currently being developed in research laboratories to quantify capillary transport and measure the
relevant coefficients. At present, however, these involve sophisticated measuring techniques such as gamma ray
and neutron absorption or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy together with complex mathematical
methods to analyse the results: comparisons between laboratories have shown that further work is needed to
develop standard techniques. It will, therefore, be a number of years before it is possible to standardise such
methods - see annex A for further information.
At present it is possible to standardise the measurement of the absorption of liquid water into the surface of a
material, which gives an indicator of its liquid transport performance.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method for determining, by partial immersion with no temperature gradient, the
short-term liquid water absorption coefficient. It is intended to assess the rate of absorption of water, by capillary
action from continuous or driving rain during on site storage or construction, by insulating and other materials,
which are normally protected. The method is suitable for renders or coatings tested in conjunction with the
substrate on which they are normally mounted.
It is not intended to assess the absorption of water by materials used under water or in overall contact with
saturated ground, where a total immersion test is more appropriate.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter.
For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this
European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
ISO 9346, Thermal insulation - Mass transfer - Physical quantities and definitions.
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9346 and the following apply.
3.1.1
water absorption coefficient
mass of water absorbed by a test specimen per face area and per square root of time
NOTE  See equation (2) in clause 8.
3.1.2
homogeneous material
material the properties of which are uniform on a macroscopic scale
3.2 Symbols and units
Symbol Quantity Unit
A face area m
2 0,5
A water absorption coefficient kg/(m ·s )
w
2 0,5
A water absorption coefficient related to a kg/(m ·s )
wt
specific time, t, in seconds
mass gain per face area after time t kg/mDm
t
M
initial mass of specimen kg
i
m mass of specimen after time t kg
t
t
time s or h
2 0,5
W water absorption coefficient kg/(m ·h )
w
2 0,5
W
water absorption coefficient related to a kg/(m ·h )
wt
specific time, t, in hours
NOTE  Water absorption coefficient is defined in terms of seconds in EN ISO 9346. The alternative definition in terms of hours
is widely used.
4 Principle
The water absorption by partial immersion is determined by measuring the change in mass of the test specimen,
the bottom surface of which is in contact with water, over a period which is usually at least 24 h.
The water adhering to the surface and not absorbed by the product is completely removed by, for example, blotting
with a sponge before the specimen is weighed.
5 Apparatus
The test apparatus shall include:
a) balance, capable of weighing a test specimen to an accuracy of ± 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen;
b) water tank with a device for keeping the water level constant to – 2 mm and a device to keep the test specimen
in position. The tank shall include point supports, which do not damage the specimen, to keep the specimen at
least 5 mm clear of the base;
c) timer accurate to at least one second in 24 h.
6 Test specimens
6.1 Shape of test specimens
Test specimens shall be representative of the material or product and of regular shape with constant cross section
to ensure one dimensional water flow. The faces shall be free from surface irregularities.
6.2 Dimensions of test specimens
6.2.1 Area
The water contact area of each test specimen shall be at least 50 cm . However, in the case of materials including
macroscopic particles such as aggregates, the side of a square specimen or the smallest diameter of the face shall
be at least ten times the largest particle size.
NOTE  Larger specimens, preferably with a face area of at least 100 cm , are advised as they will lead to greater accuracy.
6.2.2 Thickness
Where possible, the specimen thickness should be the full product thickness. When specimens are cut from
products they shall be representative of the material to be assessed and thick enough to enable handling without
damage. In the case of materials including macroscopic particles such as aggregates, the thickness should be
preferably at least ten times, but shall be no less than five times, the largest particle size.
6.3 Number of test specimens
At least three specimens shall be tested.
If the water contact area of the individual specimens is less than 100 cm , at least six specimens shall be tested
representing a total area of at least 300 cm .
6.4 Preparation of test specimens
Test specimens shall be representative of the whole material and shall be cut so that they do not include product
edges. In the case of materials known to be non-isotropic, sets of test specimens shall be prepared in all
orientations of the potential use of the material.
The test specimens shall be prepared by methods that do not change the original structure of the product; any
skins, facings or coatings shall be retained. In the case of products such as coatings, thin rendering or plasterwork
that are normally adhered to a substrate in use, specimens shall be made up from the product and a normal
substrate combined. The total thickness then is the sum of the coating and the substrate.
The sides of a solid specimen shall be sealed with a water and vapour tight sealant that does not react chemically
with it or significantly penetrate t
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