CEN/TS 15427-1-2:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2021
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 1-2. del: Oprema in uporaba -
Materiali za zgornjo površino tirnic
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-2: Equipment and
Application - Top of Rail materials
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-2:
Vorrichtungen und Anwendung - Behandlung der Schienenoberfläche
Applications ferroviaries - Gestion de la friction roue/rail - Partie 1-2 : Équipements et
application - Matériaux de la surface du rail
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15427-1-2:2021
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
45.080 Tračnice in železniški deli Rails and railway
components
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TS 15427-1-2
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
January 2021
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 21.260; 45.080; 45.120
English Version
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management -
Part 1-2: Equipment and Application - Top of Rail
materials
Applications ferroviaries - Gestion de la friction Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen
roue/rail - Partie 1-2 : Équipements et application - Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-2: Vorrichtungen und
Matériaux de la surface du rail Anwendung - Behandlung der Schienenoberfläche
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 23 November 2020 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15427-1-2:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 General. 7
4.1 Purpose . 7
4.2 Application . 8
5 Requirements for trainborne equipment . 8
5.1 General. 8
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment . 9
5.3 Installation of trainborne equipment . 9
5.4 Operations, Inspection and maintenance . 10
5.5 Application . 10
5.6 Verification . 11
6 Requirements for trackside equipment . 11
6.1 General. 11
6.2 Design of trackside equipment . 12
6.3 Installation of trackside equipment . 13
6.4 Operations, inspection and maintenance . 13
6.5 Application . 13
6.6 Verification . 13
Annex A (informative) Types of Trainborne and Trackside Equipment . 14
A.1 Introduction . 14
A.2 Trainborne Equipment . 14
A.2.1 Fluid material application to the active interface . 14
A.2.2 Solid material application to the wheel . 14
A.3 Trackside Equipment . 14
A.3.1 Mechanically activated . 14
A.3.2 Hydraulically activated . 14
A.3.3 Electrically activated . 14
Annex B (informative) Guidance on approvals testing and verification. 15
B.1 General. 15
B.2 System – Equipment and materials . 16
B.2.1 Baselining . 16
B.2.2 Trials . 16
B.2.3 Measure Effectiveness . 16
B.2.4 Monitoring. 17
B.2.5 Outcome of trial . 17
Annex C (informative) Good Practice for trainborne equipment. 18
C.1 Reasons for installing trainborne equipment . 18
C.2 Determination of equipment position . 18
C.3 Inspection and Maintenance . 18
Annex D (informative) Installation and maintenance good practice for trackside
equipment . 20
D.1 Selecting locations for trackside equipment . 20
D.2 Determination of equipment position . 20
D.3 Inspection and Maintenance . 21
D.4 Records . 21
Annex E (informative) Guideline braking tests for top of rail friction management
(trainborne and trackside equipment) . 22
E.1 General . 22
E.2 Choosing the right test vehicle . 22
E.3 Trainborne equipment . 22
E.4 Test conditions . 22
E.5 Brake tests. 23
E.6 Test parameters . 23
Bibliography . 24

European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15427-1-2:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is part of the EN 15427 series, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction
management, which consists of the following parts:
— Part 1-1: Equipment and Application - Flange Lubrication;
— Part 1-2: Equipment and Application - Top of Rail materials;
— Part 1-3: Equipment and Application - Adhesion materials;
— Part 2-1: Properties and Characteristics - Flange lubricants;
— Part 2-2: Properties and Characteristics - Top of Rail materials;
— Part 2-3: Properties and Characteristics - Adhesion materials;
— Part 3: Rationale for requirements and further background information.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc.) substances at the wheel-rail interface is a
complex subject and includes:
— lubrication of the wheel flange / rail gauge corner interface, commonly referred to as “flange or
rail lubrication”;
— lubrication of the back of flange/ check rail interface, commonly referred to as “check rail
lubrication”;
— altering the level of friction at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread,
commonly referred to as “top of rail friction management”;
— applying materials to the wheel rail contact to increase (improve/ enhance/ recover) adhesion.
This document sets out the requirements for the equipment and application of the top of rail
wheel/rail friction management. It describes systems fitted on board trains and on the track, as both
systems may need to be deployed to achieve effective friction management of the wheel-rail
interface.
Managing the wheel-rail interface effectively will reduce wear of both wheel and rail. When friction
is managed effectively, noise levels, wear levels and the risk of flange climbing are reduced.
Conversely, where not managed effectively, assets may require replacement prematurely before
reaching their full economic potential.
There needs to be control in the application of top of rail materials such that there is:
— no loss of traction or braking performance;
— no adverse effect on signalling systems or track circuits;
— understanding of the increased risk of fire;
— no harmful environmental effect;
— no incompatibility between the different lubricants/ materials in use, particularly, between solid
and fluid systems.
1 Scope
This document is limited to specifying the requirements when applying material to the active
interface between the wheel tread and the crown of the rail and includes trainborne and track side
equipment.
This document only covers the equipment and application of material to the active interface.
This document defines:
— the characteristics that systems of top of rail equipment for wheel-rail interface shall achieve,
together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification;
— all relevant terminology which is specific to the application of top of rail materials of the wheel-
rail interface.
This document only applies to the mainline railway.
NOTE This document can also be used for other railways, e.g. urban rail.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
EN 13749, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural
requirements of bogie frames
CEN/TS 15427-2-2, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-2: Properties and
Characteristics - Top of Rail materials
EN 50125-1, Railway applications - Environmental conditions for equipment - Part 1: Rolling stock and
on-board equipment
EN 50121 (series), Railway applications - Electromagnetic compatibility
EN 50238-1, Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems -
Part 1: General
EN 61373, Railway applications - Rolling stock equipment - Shock and vibration tests
EN 62621, Railway applications - Fixed installations - Electric traction - Specific requirements for
composite insulators used for overhead contact line systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
active interface
contact area between wheel tread and the crown of the rail
Note 1 to entry Contact also occurs between the wheel flange root and the rail gauge corner but this
interface is not within the scope of this document.
3.2
applicator
part of trackside/trainborne equipment that delivers the material to the active interface
EXAMPLE Nozzles or solid sticks
3.3
trainborne equipment
system carried on the train that consists of one or more applicators, a storage unit and a means of
control
3.4
trackside equipment
system installed on or adjacent to the track that consists of one or more applicators, storage
containers and a means of control
3.5
train operator
authority responsible for operating the train or their authorised representative
3.6
infrastructure manager
authority responsible for the infrastructure or their authorised representative
3.7
supplier
organisation responsible for supplying the equipment/ material
3.8
material
substance designed to alter friction at the wheel/rail active interface
3.9
top of rail material
substance that changes the rheology of the third layer body to lower friction
4 General
4.1 Purpose
The primary aim of the top of rail friction management is to achieve wheel/rail friction conditions
that optimises asset life and reduces noise and vibration issues, as part of a wider wheel/rail
management strategy without compromising the safe operation of the railway.
Top of rail friction management may be used to:
— reduce noise and vibration;
— reduce the rate of wear;
— reduce rate of corrugation growth;
— reduce number of wheel and rail defects.
The specific purpose for the use of top of rail equipment and material shall be understood before
deployment in order to achieve the desired outcome (e.g. reduction in wear).
4.2 Application
The trainborne/trackside top of rail equipment shall apply material to take effect in the active
interface as set out in Clauses 5 and 6 of this document.
The trainborne/trackside top of rail equipment shall be designed to limit contamination of any other
part of the train or infrastructure.
Where both trainborne and trackside top of rail equipment are being applied concurrently, the effect
to braking performance and signalling shall be understood.
Compatibility between different materials (such as flange lubricant and top of rail/adhesion
material) in use shall be taken into account. Material properties and characteristics shall comply with
the requirements set out in CEN/TS 15427-2-2.
The applicator shall be adjustable such that it can be returned to its correct working position (refer
to 5.4) following wheel or rail reprofiling or other maintenance changes.
A method to determine when refilling is required shall be provided.
A method by which the equipment can be checked to ensure its functional status shall be provided.
Where there is any change to the approved design of the equipment, the customer shall be informed.
NOTE 1 This may lead to the equipment requiring reapproval.
NOTE 2 Ensure the material being applied to the active interface has been approved for use by the relevant
authorizing bodies (see Annex B).
5 Requirements for trainborne equipment
5.1 General
When applying to the active interface, the following shall be considered:
— method of braking (e.g. tread, disk or other);
— position and number of applicator(s) on the vehicle;
— direction of travel;
— proximity of applicator to the wheel and the rail;
— speed of train;
— frequency and amount of application.
The position and alignment of each applicator shall take into account:
— suspension movements to ensure application of the material to the active interface in all
conditions;
— the need to gain access for maintenance.
The trainborne equipment shall comply with the vehicle gauge.
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment
General consideration when designing and installing trainborne equipment shall include:
— ambient temperature range and climatic conditions (see EN 50125-1);
— equipment positioning - The design and location of the equipment shall factor in the
consideration for quick and easy refilling capability;
— space constraints (e.g. static and dynamic);
— availability of necessary supplies (e.g. electrical, air, hydraulic, etc.);
— options for system control and material regulation;
— interface with other on-board systems (e.g. braking);
— the type of material to be applied and its intended function;
— total life cycle cost and maintainability;
— length/ type of train;
— interface with infrastructure systems;
— intended design life and sustainability;
— safety and reliability requirements;
— vibration and shock loads requirements of EN 61373 and EN 13749 relevant to the position on
the vehicle;
— protection of the equipment from flying objects, e.g. track ballast;
— EMC standard (EN 50121);
— aerodynamic effects (e.g. wind turbulence may affect the performance of a spray system which
may be optimized by use of a windbreak);
— Electronic equipment used on rolling stock (EN 62621);
— EN 50238-1, Railway applications. Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection
systems. General;
— noise emissions.
5.3 Installation of trainborne equipment
The supplier of the trainborne equipment shall provide instructions for the installation and use of
the equipment.
Trainborne equipment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
5.4 Operations, Inspection and maintenance
The installation shall be checked after a short period of service to ensure that the material is being
applied as agreed between the client and the supplier.
The supplier of the trainborne equipment shall provide maintenance instructions for the equipment.
These shall include a method for fault diagnosis to check that the trainborne equipment is not
partially or fully blocked or misaligned and that all components are securely attached to their
mountings (see Annex C
...