EN ISO 10360-10:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2016
6SHFLILNDFLMDJHRPHWULMVNLKYHOLþLQL]GHOND*363UHVNXVLVSUHMHPOMLYRVWLLQ
SRQRYQHJDSUHYHUMDQMDVWURMHY]DPHUMHQMHNRRUGLQDWGHO/DVHUVNL'
PHULOQLNL]DPHUMHQMHUD]GDOMWRþNDWRþND,62
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring machines (CMS) - Part 10: Laser trackers for measuring point-to-
point distances (ISO 10360-10:2016)
Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) - Annahmeprüfung und Bestätigungsprüfung
für Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) - Teil 10: Lasertracker (ISO 10360-10:2016)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Essais de réception et de vérification
périodique des machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles (MMT) - Partie 10: Suiveurs à
laser pour mesurer les distances de point à point (ISO 10360-10:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10360-10:2016
ICS:
17.040.30 Merila Measuring instruments
17.040.40 6SHFLILNDFLMDJHRPHWULMVNLK Geometrical Product
YHOLþLQL]GHOND*36 Specification (GPS)
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 10360-10
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.040.30
English Version
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and
reverification tests for coordinate measuring systems
(CMS) - Part 10: Laser trackers for measuring point-to-
point distances (ISO 10360-10:2016)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Essais Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) -
de réception et de vérification périodique des systèmes Annahmeprüfung und Bestätigungsprüfung für
à mesurer tridimensionnels (SMT) - Partie 10: Laser de Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) - Teil 10: Lasertracker
poursuite pour mesurer les distances de point à point (ISO 10360-10:2016)
(ISO 10360-10:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 January 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10360-10:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 10360-10:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213
"Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 290 “Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10360-10:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10360-10:2016 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10360-10
First edition
2016-04-15
Geometrical product specifications
(GPS) — Acceptance and reverification
tests for coordinate measuring
systems (CMS) —
Part 10:
Laser trackers for measuring point-to-
point distances
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Essais de
réception et de vérification périodique des systèmes à mesurer
tridimensionnels (SMT) —
Partie 10: Laser de poursuite pour mesurer les distances de point à
point
Reference number
ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols . 5
5 Rated operating conditions . 6
5.1 Environmental conditions . 6
5.2 Operating conditions . 6
6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Probing size and form errors . 7
6.2.1 Principle . 7
6.2.2 Measuring equipment . 8
6.2.3 Procedure . 8
6.2.4 Derivation of test results .10
6.3 Location errors (two-face tests) .10
6.3.1 Principle .10
6.3.2 Measuring equipment .10
6.3.3 Procedure .10
6.3.4 Derivation of test results .11
6.4 Length errors .11
6.4.1 General.11
6.4.2 Principle .12
6.4.3 Measuring equipment .12
6.4.4 Procedure .13
6.4.5 Derivation of test results .20
7 Compliance with specification .20
7.1 Acceptance tests .20
7.2 Reverification tests .21
8 Applications .21
8.1 Acceptance test .21
8.2 Reverification test .22
8.3 Interim check .22
9 Indication in product documentation and data sheets .22
Annex A (informative) Forms .24
Annex B (normative) Calibrated test lengths .27
Annex C (normative) Thermal compensation of workpieces .29
Annex D (informative) Achieving the alternative measuring volume .30
Annex E (informative) Specification of MPEs .32
Annex F (informative) Interim testing .35
Annex G (normative) Testing of a stylus and retroreflector combination (SRC) .36
Annex H (normative) Testing of an optical distance sensor and retroreflector
combination (ODR) .39
Annex I (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model .41
Bibliography .42
ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification.
ISO 10360 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geometrical product specifications
(GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM):
— Part 1: Vocabulary
— Part 2: CMMs used for measuring linear dimensions
— Part 3: CMMs with the axis of a rotary table as the fourth axis
— Part 4: CMMs used in scanning measuring mode
— Part 5: CMMs using single and multiple stylus contacting probing systems
— Part 6: Estimation of errors in computing of Gaussian associated features
— Part 7: CMMs equipped with imaging probing systems
ISO 10360 also consists of the following parts, under the general title Geometrical product specifications
(GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring systems (CMS):
— Part 8: CMMs with optical distance sensors
— Part 9: CMMs with multiple probing systems
— Part 10: Laser trackers for measuring point-to-point distances
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 12: Articulated-arm CMMs
Computed tomography is to form the subject of a future part 11
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 10360 is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a
general GPS standard (see ISO 14638). It influences link F of the chains of standards on size, distance,
radius, angle, form, orientation, location, and run-out.
The ISO/GPS matrix model given in ISO 14638 gives an overview of the ISO/GPS system of which this
document is a part. The fundamental rules of ISO/GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this part of ISO 10360
and the default decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this
part of ISO 10360, unless otherwise indicated.
More detailed information on the relation of this part of ISO 10360 to other standards and the GPS
matrix model can be found in Annex I.
The objective of this part of ISO 10360 is to provide a well-defined testing procedure for a) laser tracker
manufacturers to specify performance by maximum permissible errors (MPEs), and b) to allow testing
of these specifications using calibrated, traceable test lengths, test spheres, and flats. The benefits of
these tests are that the measured result has a direct traceability to the unit of length, the metre, and
that it gives information on how the laser tracker will perform on similar length measurements.
This part of ISO 10360 is distinct from that of ISO 10360-2, which is for coordinate measuring machines
(CMMs) equipped with contact probing systems, in that the orientation of the test lengths reflect the
different instrument geometry and error sources within the instrument.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance
and reverification tests for coordinate measuring
systems (CMS) —
Part 10:
Laser trackers for measuring point-to-point distances
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10360 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a laser tracker
by measuring calibrated test lengths, test spheres and flats according to the specifications of the
manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the
performance of the laser tracker. The acceptance and reverification tests given in this part of ISO 10360
are applicable only to laser trackers utilizing a retro-reflector as a probing system. Laser trackers
that use interferometry (IFM), absolute distance meter (ADM) measurement, or both can be verified
using this part of ISO 10360. This part of ISO 10360 can also be used to specify and verify the relevant
performance tests of other spherical coordinate measurement systems that use cooperative targets,
such as “laser radar” systems.
NOTE Systems, such as laser radar systems, which do not track the target, will not be tested for probing
performance.
This part of ISO 10360 does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical
coordinate system (i.e. two orthogonal rotary axes having a common intersection point with a third
linear axis in the radial direction). However, the parties can apply this part of ISO 10360 to such systems
by mutual agreement.
This part of ISO 10360 specifies
— performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the laser tracker,
— the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated
requirements,
— rules for proving conformance, and
— applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10360-8:2013, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring systems (CMS) — Part 8: CMMs with optical distance sensors
ISO 10360-9:2013, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring systems (CMS) — Part 9: CMMs with multiple probing systems
ISO 14253-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Inspection by measurement of workpieces and
measuring equipment — Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformity or nonconformity with specifications
ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
laser tracker
coordinate measuring system in which a cooperative target is followed with a laser beam and its
location determined in terms of a distance (range) and two angles
Note 1 to entry: The two angles are referred to as azimuth, θ (rotation about a vertical axis – the standing axis of
the laser tracker) and elevation, φ (angle above a horizontal plane – perpendicular to the standing axis).
3.2
interferometric measurement mode
IFM mode
measurement method that uses a laser displacement interferometer integrated in a laser tracker (3.1)
to determine distance (range) to a target
Note 1 to entry: Displacement interferometers can only determine differences in distance, and therefore require
a reference distance (e.g. home position).
3.3
absolute distance measurement mode
ADM mode
measurement method that uses time of flight instrumentation integrated in a laser tracker (3.1) to
determine the distance (range) to a target
Note 1 to entry: Time of flight instrumentation may include a variety of modulation methods to calculate the
distance to the target.
3.4
retroreflector
passive device designed to reflect light back parallel to the incident direction over a range of
incident angles
Note 1 to entry: Typical retroreflectors are the cat’s-eye, the cube corner, and spheres of special material.
Note 2 to entry: Retroreflectors are cooperative targets.
Note 3 to entry: For certain systems, e.g. laser radar, the retroreflector might be a cooperative target such as a
polished sphere.
3.5
spherically mounted retroreflector
SMR
retroreflector (3.4) that is mounted in a spherical housing
Note 1 to entry: In the case of an open-air cube corner, the vertex is typically adjusted to be coincident with the
sphere centre.
Note 2 to entry: The tests in this part of ISO 10360 are typically executed with a spherically mounted
retroreflector.
Note 3 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.6
stylus and retroreflector combination
SRC
probing system that determines the measurement point utilizing a probe stylus to contact the
workpiece, a retroreflector (3.4) to determine the base location of the probe, and other means to find
the stylus orientation unit vector
Note 1 to entry: The datum for the stylus tip offset (L) is the centre of the retroreflector.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
B E
A
A F
B
C
G
L
D
C
D
a) SMR b) SRC
Key
A laser beam
B retroreflector
C measurement point
D contact point
E base location
F stylus orientation unit vector
G normal probing direction vector
L stylus tip offset
Figure 1 — Representation of SMR vs. SRC
3.7
optical distance sensor and retroreflector combination
ODR
probing system that determines the measurement point utilizing an optical distance sensor to measure
the workpiece, a retroreflector (3.4) to determine the base location of the optical distance sensor, and
other means to find the orientation of the optical distance sensor
3.8
target nest
nest
device designed to repeatably locate an SMR
3.9
length measurement error
E
Uni:L:LT
E
Bi:L:LT
error of indication when performing a unidirectional (E ) or bidirectional (E ) point-to-point
Uni:L:LT Bi:L:LT
distance measurement of a calibrated test length using a laser tracker with a stylus tip offset of L
Note 1 to entry: E and E (used frequently in this part of ISO 10360) correspond to the common case
Uni:0:LT Bi:0:LT
of no stylus tip offset, as the retroreflector optical centre coincides with the physical centre of the probing system
for spherically mounted retroreflectors.
ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
3.10
normal CTE material
−6 −6
material with a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between 8 × 10 / °C and 13 × 10 / °C
[SOURCE: ISO 10360-2:2009]
Note 1 to entry: Some documents may express CTE in units 1/K, which is equivalent to 1/ °C.
3.11
probing form error
P
Form.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
error of indication within which the range of Gaussian radial distances can be determined by a least-
squares fit of 25 points measured by a laser tracker (3.1) on a spherical material standard of size
Note 1 to entry: Only one least-squares fit is performed, and each point is evaluated for its distance (radius) from
this fitted centre.
3.12
probing size error
P
Size.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
error of indication of the diameter of a spherical material standard of size as determined by a least-
squares fit of 25 points measured with a laser tracker (3.1)
3.13
location error
two-face error
plunge and reverse error
L
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT
the distance, perpendicular to the beam path, between two measurements of a stationary retroreflector
(3.4), where the second measurement is taken with the laser tracker (3.1) azimuth axis at approximately
180° from the first measurement and the laser tracker elevation angle is approximately the same
Note 1 to entry: This combination of axis rotations is known as a two face, or plunge and reverse, test.
Note 2 to entry: The laser tracker base is fixed during this test.
3.14
maximum permissible error of length measurement
E
Uni:L:LT,MPE
E
Bi:L:LT,MPE
extreme value of the length measurement error, E or E , permitted by specifications
Bi:L:LT Uni:L:LT
Note 1 to entry: E and E are used throughout this part of ISO 10360.
Bi:0:LT,MPE Uni:0:LT,MPE
3.15
maximum permissible error of probing form
P
Form.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT,MPE
extreme value of the probing form error (3.11), P , permitted by specifications
Form.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
3.16
maximum permissible error of probing size
P
Size.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT,MPE
extreme value of the probing size error (3.12), P , permitted by specifications
Size.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
3.17
maximum permissible error of location
L
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT,MPE
extreme value of the location error, L , permitted by specifications
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
3.18
rated operating condition
operating condition that must be fulfilled, according to specification, during measurement in order that
a measuring instrument or measuring system performs as designed
Note 1 to entry: Rated operating conditions generally specify intervals of values for a quantity being measured
and for any influence quantity.
Note 2 to entry: Within this part of ISO 10360, the term “as designed” in the definition means “as specified by MPEs”.
Note 3 to entry: When the rated operating conditions are not met in a test according to this part of ISO 10360,
neither conformance nor non-conformance to specifications can be determined.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 4.9 — modified.]
4 Symbols
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10360, the symbols in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols of specification quantities
Symbol Meaning
E
Uni:L:LT
Length measurement error (Uni- or Bi-directional lengths) where L is the stylus tip offset
E
Bi:L:LT
P
Form.Sph.1×25::SMR.LT
P Probing form error for SMR, SRC or ODR operation mode
Form.Sph.1×25::SRC.LT
P
Form.Sph.1×25::ODR.LT
P
Size.Sph.1×25::SMR.LT
P Probing size error for SMR, SRC or ODR operation mode
Size.Sph.1×25::SRC.LT
P
Size.Sph.1×25::ODR.LT
L Location error (from two face tests)
Dia.2×1:P&R:LT
E
Uni:L:LT,MPE
Maximum permissible error of length measurement where L is the stylus tip offset
E
Bi:L:LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing form
Form.Sph.1×25::SMR.LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing size
Size.Sph.1×25::SMR.LT,MPE
L Maximum permissible error of location (from two face tests)
Dia.2×1:P&R:LT,MPE
Accessory sensor testing – SRC
Symbol Meaning
P Probing form error for SRC
Form.Sph.1×25::SRC.LT
P Probing size error for SRC
Size.Sph.1×25::SRC.LT
P Orientation error for SRC
Dia.15×1::SRC.LT
P Maximum permissible error of probing form for SRC
Form.Sph.1×25::SRC.LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing size for SRC
Size.Sph.1×25::SRC.LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of orientation for SRC
Dia.15×1::SRC.LT,MPE
Accessory sensor testing – ODR
Symbol Meaning
P Probing form error for ODR (25 points)
Form.Sph.1×25::ODR.LT
P Probing form error for ODR (95 % of the points)
Form.Sph.D95%::ODR.LT
P Probing size error for ODR (25 points)
Size.Sph.1×25::ODR.LT
ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Meaning
P Probing size error for ODR (all points)
Size.Sph.All::ODR.LT
E Flat form error of measurement with ODR (95 % of the points)
Form.Pla.D95%::ODR.LT
P Maximum permissible error of probing form for ODR (25 points)
Form.Sph.1×25::ODR.LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing form for ODR (95 % of the points)
Form.Sph.D95%::ODR.LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing size for ODR (25 points)
Size.Sph.1×25::ODR.LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible error of probing size for ODR (all points)
Size.Sph.All::ODR.LT,MPE
E Maximum permissible error of flat form measurement with ODR (95 % of the points)
Form.Pla.D95%::ODR.LT,MPE
Multiple sensor testing
Symbol Meaning
P Multiple probing system form error
Form.Sph.n×25::MPS.LT
P Multiple probing system size error
Size.Sph.n×25::MPS.LT
L Multiple probing system location error
Dia.n×25::MPS.LT
P Maximum permissible multiple probing system form error
Form.Sph.n×25::MPS.LT,MPE
P Maximum permissible multiple probing system size error
Size.Sph.n×25::MPS.LT,MPE
L Maximum permissible multiple probing system location error
Dia.n×25::MPS.LT,MPE
NOTE 1 For the common case of length testing with an SMR, L will be equal to 0 (e.g. E ).
Bi:0:LT
NOTE 2 The specific combinations of sensors for the multiple probing system errors depend on the sensors
provided with the laser tracker system. The combination could be explicitly captured in the symbol, such as P
Size.
where the symbols indicating sensors are listed alphabetically.
Sph.2x25:ODS,SMR:MPS.LT
NOTE 3 In the Multiple Sensor Testing entries, n (in n×25) is the number of sensors being involved (n≥2).
5 Rated operating conditions
5.1 Environmental conditions
Limits for permissible environmental conditions such as temperature conditions, air pressure, humidity,
and vibration at the site of usage or testing that influence the measurements shall be specified by
— the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests, and
— the user, in the case of reverification tests.
In both cases, the user is free to choose the environmental conditions under which the testing will be
performed within the specified limits (Form 1 in Annex A is the recommended method for specifying
these conditions).
If the user wishes to have testing performed under environmental conditions other than the ambient
conditions of the test site (e.g. at an elevated or lowered temperature), agreement between parties
regarding who bears the cost of environmental conditioning should be attained.
5.2 Operating conditions
The conditions required by the manufacturer in order to meet the MPE specification shall be specified
(as given, e.g. in a specification sheet).
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
In addition, the laser tracker shall be operated using the procedures given in the manufacturer’s
operating manual when conducting the tests given in Clause 6. Specific areas in the manufacturer’s
manual to be adhered to are, for example
a) machine start-up/warm-up cycles,
b) machine compensation procedures,
c) cleaning procedures for retroreflector and nests,
d) SMR or SRC qualification,
e) location, type, and number of environmental sensors (i.e. “the weather station”), and
f) location, type, number of thermal workpiece sensors.
6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests
6.1 General
In the following
— acceptance tests are executed according to the manufacturer’s specifications and procedures that
are in compliance with this part of ISO 10360, and
— reverification tests are executed according to the user’s specifications and the manufacturer’s
procedures.
If specifications permit, the laser tracker may be tested in an orientation other than the normal upright,
vertical orientation. In every case, the azimuth and elevation angles will be oriented with respect to the
laser tracker. The position and orientation of the test lengths with respect to the laser tracker shall be
clearly defined before the tests begin. In general, the test lengths will not rotate with the laser tracker.
However, the locations for probing and two-face tests will maintain a fixed relationship with respect
to the laser tracker’s standing axis (i.e. they will rotate with the laser tracker). For example, if the laser
tracker is mounted with its standing axis horizontal, the “above” and “below” directions described in
Table 2 and Table 3 will be parallel to the standing axis.
Where least-squares (Gaussian) fitting is used in the derivation of test results, this shall be an
unconstrained fit to the data, unless constraints to the fitting are explicitly stated.
6.2 Probing size and form errors
6.2.1 Principle
The principle of this test procedure is to measure the size and form of a test sphere using 25 points
probed with the SMR, SRC, or ODR. This subclause gives the specific testing procedure for using an
SMR to collect the points. Refer to Annex G or Annex H for additional information about testing with the
SRC or ODR sensors, respectively. A least-squares sphere fit of the 25 points is examined for the errors
of indication for form and size. This analysis yields the form error, P , and the size
Form.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
error, P .
Size.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
NOTE 1 Probing errors P and P do not apply to laser radar systems.
Form.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT Size.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
NOTE 2 These are tests of the laser tracker system’s ability to locate individual points in space. These tests are
not intended to check any of the specifications supplied by an SMR manufacturer, although errors in the SMR will
influence the test results.
ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
NOTE 3 When performing this test with a spherically mounted retroreflector (SMR), three types of errors in
the SMR may influence the results of this test. If the sphere, within which the retroreflector is mounted, is out-of-
round, this will influence the test result. Also, if the mirrored surfaces which comprise the retroreflector are not
mutually orthogonal, or if their point of intersection is not coincident with the sphere centre, the test result will
be affected.
6.2.2 Measuring equipment
The material standard of size, i.e. the test sphere, shall have a nominal diameter not less than 10 mm
and not greater than 51 mm. The test sphere shall be calibrated for size and form.
NOTE It may be difficult to make measurements on smaller test spheres due to interference with the
sphere mount.
6.2.3 Procedure
Mount the test sphere so that a full hemisphere may be probed. When a spherically mounted
retroreflector is used for probing, the test sphere support should be oriented away from the laser
tracker. For an SRC, the support should be located away from the normal probing direction.
The test sphere should be mounted rigidly to minimize errors due to bending.
NOTE 1 The normal probing direction for the SRC is along the stylus shaft of the SRC.
Measure and record 25 points. The points shall be approximately evenly distributed over at least a
hemisphere of the test sphere. Their position shall be at the discretion of the user and, if not specified,
the following probing pattern is recommended (see Figure 2):
— one point on the pole of the test sphere;
— four points (equally spaced) 22,5° below the pole;
— eight points (equally spaced) 45° below the pole and rotated 22,5° relative to the previous group;
— four points (equally spaced) 67,5° below the pole and rotated 22,5° relative to the previous group;
— eight points (equally spaced) 90° below the pole (i.e. on the equator) and rotated 22,5° relative to
the previous group.
NOTE 2 Due to the manual nature of point measurement with laser trackers, it is recognized that the exact
points recommended might not be measured.
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
a
a
Pole – point on sphere opposite the support.
Figure 2 — Location of probing points
The results of these tests may be highly dependent on the distance of the retroreflector from the laser
tracker, especially for the SRC and ODR sensors. Therefore, the test shall be performed at the required
distances from the laser tracker, as indicated in Table 2.
Table 2 — Probe testing locations
Distance from the laser tracker Required for these Height relative to the laser tracker
sensors centre of rotation
a
<2 m SMR, SRC, ODR approximately same height
approximately 10 m SRC, ODR more than 1 m above or below
a
Where a manufacturer’s specifications explicitly state that an SRC or ODR sensor only performs at a distance greater
than 2 m from the laser tracker, the test shall be performed at the minimum stated distance.
NOTE 3 The probe testing locations will have the same location and orientation relative to the laser tracker’s
standing axis if the laser tracker is not oriented vertically.
ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
6.2.4 Derivation of test results
6.2.4.1 Size errors
Using all 25 measurements, compute the Gaussian associated sphere. Record the diameter of this
sphere. The signed difference of this (measured) diameter from the calibrated (reference) diameter of
the test sphere, i.e. D – D , is the probing size error, P (for an SMR).
MEAS REF Size.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
6.2.4.2 Form errors
For each of the 25 measurements, calculate the Gaussian radial distance, R, as the distance from the
centre of the least-squares sphere to the measurement point. Record the range of these values, i.e.
R – R , as the probing form error, P (for an SMR).
max min Form.Sph.1x25::SMR.LT
6.3 Location errors (two-face tests)
6.3.1 Principle
The principle of this test procedure is to detect geometric errors of the laser tracker by measuring
the location of a stationary retroreflector twice in different laser tracker configurations. These
configurations are obtained by a) measuring in normal mode, then b) rotating the azimuth axis by
approximately 180° and moving the elevation angle through the vertical to reacquire the retroreflector.
The apparent distance, perpendicular to the laser beam, between the two measurements of the
retroreflector yields the test result, L .
Dia.2x1:P&R:LT
As these tests can be performed quickly, and will immediately reveal problems with the laser tracker
geometry and its correction, it is recommended that these tests be performed first.
6.3.2 Measuring equipment
The equipment for this test is a target nest that is mounted rigidly at the positions required in Table 3.
6.3.3 Procedure
Mount the target nest so that the nest and its support will not interfere with measurement of the
retroreflector.
Place the SMR in the nest, and measure the location of the SMR using the two angles and the range.
Rotate both angular axes of the laser tracker by the appropriate angles and re-acquire the retroreflector.
Measure this location of the retroreflector in the angles only, using the range value from the first
measurement.
The target nest should be mounted rigidly to minimize uncertainty in the measurements.
The results of these tests may be highly dependent on the distance of the test sphere from the laser
tracker, and influenced by the laser tracker’s angular orientation. Therefore, these tests shall be
performed at two distances from the laser tracker and at three different orientations, as indicated in
Table 3. The distance from the laser tracker is the horizontal distance between the laser tracker and
the retroreflector position, and the orientation angle is the nominal azimuth angle of the laser tracker
when it is pointing at the retroreflector.
10 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 10360-10:2016(E)
Table 3 — Two-face measurement positions
Distance
Azimuth angle(s) with
Position from Description of
respect to the laser tracker
number the laser trac- the retroreflector position
a
in degrees
a
ker
Two-face test, retroreflector at least 1 m below
1–3 1,5 m 0, 120, 240
the height of the laser tracker centre of rotation
Two-face tes
...