EN 13979-1:2003

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Vollräder - Technische Zulassungsverfahren - Teil 1: Geschmiedete und gewalzte RäderApplications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Roues monobloc - Procédure d'homologation technique - Partie 1: Roues forgées et laminéesRailway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc wheels - Technical approval procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels45.040Materiali in deli za železniško tehnikoMaterials and components for railway engineeringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13979-1:2003SIST EN 13979-1:2004en01-junij-2004SIST EN 13979-1:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13979-1December 2003ICS 45.040English versionRailway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc wheels- Technical approval procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolledwheelsApplications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies -Roues monobloc - Procédure d'homologation technique -Partie 1: Roues forgées et laminéesBahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Vollräder- Technische Zulassungsverfahren - Teil 1: Geschmiedeteund gewalzte RäderThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13979-1:2003 ESIST EN 13979-1:2004

Assessment of the thermomechanical behaviour.17 A.1 Assessment organigram.17 A.2 Braking bench test procedure.18 SIST EN 13979-1:2004

Organigram of the mechanical behaviour assessment.27 Annex C (informative)
Mechanical behaviour – Finite element code assessment.28 Annex D (informative)
Mechanical behaviour – Bench loading and test procedure.29 D.1 Principle of bench loading and test procedure.29 D.2 Definition of loading.29 D.2.1 General.29 D.2.2 Measurement of the stresses during field tests.30 D.3 Fatigue bench test.30 D.3.1 Method 1 – Random fatigue test.30 D.3.2 Method 2 – Single-stage fatigue test.31 Annex E (informative)
Assessment of the acoustical behaviour.34 E.1 Assessment organigram.34 E.2 Calculation procedure.35 E.2.1 Preliminary comment.35 E.2.2 Calculation of the wheel modal basis.35 E.2.3 Selection of the reference track model.35 E.2.4 Definition of the calculation parameters.35 E.2.5 Power calculation.35 E.2.6 Insertion.36 E.2.7 Calculations of the decision criteria for acoustical technical approval of the wheel.37 E.2.8 Optional calculations.37 E.3 Field measurement procedure.37 E.3.1 Objective and preliminary remark.37 E.3.2 Recommendations for the operating conditions.38 E.3.3 Measurement procedure.41 E.3.4 Analysis of results.43 Bibliography.46
Part 2: Other procedures. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13979-1:2004

1 Scope The aim of this European Standard is to define the requirements that a monobloc wheel of a freight of passenger railway vehicle non-powered axle shall meet in order to be able to be used on a European network. For wheels of powered axles or wheels with noise dampers, the requirements may be amended or supplemented. For light vehicles and tramways, other standards or documents accepted by the customer and supplier may be used. This European Standard only applies to wheels of new design. These requirements are intended to assess the validity of the design choice for the proposed use. The assessment of these requirements is the technical approval procedure. This European Standard is applicable to forged and rolled wheels for which the quality requirements are defined in prEN 13262. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment - Part 3: Combined equipment. EN 13103, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Non-powered axles – Design method. prEN 13262, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies – Wheels -
Product requirement. 3 Parameters for the definition of the application covered The application for which the wheel is to be approved shall be defined by the following parameters. If the application parameters are changed for an approved wheel, the customer and supplier shall review the assessments. 3.1 Parameters for geometrical interchangeability The application shall be defined by geometrical interchangeabliity parameters divided into three categories according to whether they are linked to functional, assembly or maintenance requirements. 3.1.1 Functional requirements  the nominal tread diameter that influences the buffer height and the loading gauge;  the maximum rim width
linked to the points and crossing and the track brakes; SIST EN 13979-1:2004

 the conicity of the hub bore;  the space required for disc brakes mounted on the wheel;  the space needed on the bogie frame, braking equipment and suspension equipment. 3.1.2 Assembly requirements  the bore diameter;  the hub length to ensure overhanging of the hub on the wheelseat. 3.1.3 Maintenance requirements  the wear limit diameter or the last reprofiling diameter;  the wear groove shape;  the geometry of the area for wheel clamping on reprofiling machines;  the position and shape of the hole and groove for displacement under oil pressure;  the general rim shape to allow ultrasonic measurement of residual stresses in wheels braked by shoes. 3.2 Parameters for thermomechanical assessment The application shall be defined by:  the maximum braking energy created by the friction of the brake shoes on the rail surface. This energy may be defined by a power Pa, a time ta and a train speed Va during drag braking. If it is defined by other parameters (for braking to a stop, for example), these parameters are defined by agreement between the customer and the supplier;  the type of brake shoes applied to the wheel (nature, dimensions and number). 3.3 Parameters for mechanical assessment The application shall be defined by:  the maximum vertical static force
per wheelset;  the type of service to be provided by the vehicles that will be fitted with the wheels to be approved:  description of the lines: geometric quality of the tracks, curve parameters, maximum speeds . ;  running times on these lines;  the calculated service life of the wheel, in kilometres. SIST EN 13979-1:2004

5 Assessment of the geometrical interchangeability The wheel design shall conform to the requirements of 3.1. 6 Assessment of the thermomechanical behaviour 6.1 General procedure This assessment may comprise three stages. The transition from one stage to the next depends on the results obtained. The flowchart for this assessment is shown in normative annexe A. For each of the three stages, the test shall be carried out on a new rim (nominal tread diameter) and a worn rim (wear limit tread diameter). SIST EN 13979-1:2004

N/mm2 as the average of the three measurements;  σiw ≤ + (Σr + 50) N/mm2 for each of the measurements;  maximum lateral displacement of the rim after cooling: + 1,5 /- 0,5 mm The value of Σr shall be defined according to the criteria of the wheel rim steel grade. For grades ER6 and ER7 of prEN 13262, Σr = 200 N/mm2. The lateral displacement is positive if the distance between the two inner faces of the wheel of the wheelset increases. For domestic traffic, if the track tolerances differ from the general tolerances used in Europe, other values of lateral displacement may be agreed between the parties concerned 7 Assessment of the mechanical behaviour 7.1 General procedure This assessment may comprise two stages. The second stage is carried out depending on the results of the first stage. The purpose of this assessment is to ensure that there will be no risk of fatigue cracking either in the wheel web or in its connections with the hub or the rim during the service life of the wheel. Both for the calculation and the test, the wheel geometry shall the least favourable with regard to the mechanical behaviour. If that is not the case for the test, the test parameters shall be corrected by the calculation. The flowchart for this assessment is shown in normative annex B. 7.2 First stage - Calculation 7.2.1 Applied forces Conventional forces shall be used. They are calculated on the basis of the value of load P. Load P is defined in EN 13103. It is half the vertical force per wheelset on the rail. On the basis of the parameters necessary for the mechanical assessment defined in 3.3, additional forces shall be used if these parameters generate greater forces (for example,. tilting trains, curve parameters, frozen track, etc…). Three load cases shall be considered (see Figure 1):  Case 1:
straight track (centred wheelset)
Fz = 1,25 P
Fy1 = 0  Case 2: curve (flange pressed against the rail)
Fz = 1,25 P
Fy2 = 0,6 P for non-guiding wheelsets SIST EN 13979-1:2004

Fy2 = 0,7 P for guiding wheelsets  Case 3:
negotiation of points and crossings (inside surface of flange applied to the rail)
Fz = 1,25 P
Fy3 = 0,6 Fy2 = 0,36 P for non-guiding wheelsets
Fy3 = 0,6 Fy2 = 0,42 P for guiding wheelsets Figure 1 shows, for the general case, the application points of the different forces. Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1 Straight track 2 Curve 3 Negotiation of points and crossings Figure 1 — Application points of the different forces 7.2.2 Calculation procedure A finite element calculation code shall be used to determine the stresses. The validity of the code shall be proven and the choice of parameters having a critical influence on the results shall be justified.
Informative annexe C gives one method of demonstrating this. The stresses shall be analysed as follows:  determination of the principal stresses at all points in the mesh (nodes) for each of the three load cases;  assessment, for each node, of the maximum principal stress for the three load cases (σmax) and of the direction of this principal stress; SIST EN 13979-1:2004

1) Numerical calculations using the TWINS model developed at ERRI have been validated. 2) This procedure has been validated by ERRI [2], [3] and the model has been simplified for the specific requirements of the test for the technical approval. SIST EN 13979-1:2004

Assessment of the thermomechanical behaviour A.1 Assessment organigram
Braking bench test
Lateral displacement
conforms to 6.2.2 ? Residual stresses conform to 6.2.2 ?
Residual stresses conform to 6.2.2 ?
Wheel fracture bench test Wheel rejected Fracture? Field braking test
Lateral displacement conforms to 6.4.3 ? Residual stresses conform to 6.4.3 ?
Wheel accepted YES NO YES NO YES YES NO NO
10 mm between the external face of the brake shoe and the external face of the rim. During each cycle, the following shall be measured:  the instantaneous power;  the linear speed;  the lateral displacement of the rim;  the temperature of the web-rim fillet (optional);  the duration of the braking cycle;  the parameters of the simulated wind. The average power is calculated at the end of each cycle. SIST EN 13979-1:2004
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