District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design

This European Standard specifies requirements for design, calculation and installation of factory made thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks for continuous operation with treated hot water at various temperatures up to 120 ºC and occasionally with peak temperatures up to 140 ºC and maximum internal pressure 2,5 MPa. Flexible pipe systems according to EN 15632 are not under the scope of this standard.
The standard EN 13941, Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks consists of two parts:
a)   prEN 13941-1: Design;
b)   prEN 13941-2: Installation.
The requirements and stipulations in this part: EN 13941-1, form an unbreakable unity with those of prEN 13941-2. This part shall therefore exclusively be used in combination with prEN 13941-2.
The principles of the standard may be applied to thermal insulated pipe systems with pressures higher than 2,5 MPa, provided that special attention is paid to the effects of pressure.
Adjacent pipes, not buried, but belonging to the network (e. g. pipes in ducts, valve chambers, road crossings above ground etc.) may be designed and installed according to this standard.
This standard presupposes the use of treated water, which by softening, demineralisation, de-aeration, adding of chemicals, or otherwise has been treated to effectively prevent internal corrosion and deposits in the pipes.
NOTE   For further information on water qualities to be used in district heating pipe systems see also [1].
This standard is not applicable for such units as:
a)   pumps;
b)   heat exchangers;
c)   boilers, tanks;
d)   systems behind domestic substations.

Fernwärmerohre - Auslegung und Bauausführung von gedämmten Ein- und Doppelrohr-Verbundsystemen für direkt erdverlegte Fernwärmenetze - Teil 1: Auslegung

Tuyaux de chauffage urbain - Conception et installation des systèmes bloqués de monotubes ou bitubes isolés thermiquement pour les réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés directement - Partie 1 : Conception

Cevi za daljinsko ogrevanje - Projektiranje in vgradnja toplotno izoliranih spojenih eno- in dvocevnih sistemov za neposredno zakopana vročevodna omrežja - 1. del: Projektiranje - Dopolnilo A1

General Information

Status
Not Published
Publication Date
29-Jun-2023
Current Stage
4097 - End of interruption of work - split/merged
Start Date
21-Sep-2021
Completion Date
14-Apr-2025

Relations

Overview

EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 (CEN) defines the design requirements for factory-made, thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems used in directly buried district heating hot water networks. The standard covers continuous operation with treated hot water at temperatures up to 120 °C, occasional peak temperatures up to 140 °C, and a maximum internal pressure of 2,5 MPa. Part 1 (Design) is intended to be used in combination with Part 2 (Installation) and forms an integral set of requirements for safe, durable district heating pipe systems.

Key considerations in the standard include material and cross-section analysis, thermal expansion, axial and lateral stiffness, limit states for steel, and heat loss calculations. Flexible pipe systems covered by EN 15632 are explicitly excluded from this part.

Key Topics

  • Scope and application: Factory-made bonded single and twin pipes for directly buried hot water networks; adjacent above-ground pipes in ducts, chambers or crossings may also be designed to this standard.
  • Temperature and pressure limits: Continuous operation up to 120 °C, occasional peaks to 140 °C, and maximum internal pressure 2,5 MPa. The principles may be applied to higher pressures with special consideration of pressure effects.
  • Water quality requirement: Presupposes treated water (softening, de-aeration, demineralisation or chemical treatment) to prevent internal corrosion and deposits.
  • Design methods: Cross-section analysis, assessment of resultant stresses, fatigue and limit state checks, thermal expansion and soil-pipe interaction, and calculation of specific heat loss.
  • Amendment prA1 highlights: Updates to normative references, terminology and symbol tables, modifications to load classification and factors, corrections to formulae and figures, and updates across several subclauses and annexes to clarify design calculations.

Applications

  • New and replacement district heating networks with directly buried steel service pipes encased in factory-made thermal insulation and outer casing.
  • Urban and industrial hot water distribution where reliable long-term performance, reduced heat loss, and controlled thermal expansion are required.
  • Design of network sections in ducts, valve chambers and above-ground crossings using the same design principles.

Benefits include improved safety margins, consistent engineering methods for axial/bending stresses, clear heat-loss modelling and compatibility between design and installation when used with Part 2.

Related Standards

  • EN 13941-2 - Installation (to be used in combination with Part 1)
  • EN 15632 - Flexible district heating pipe systems (excluded from scope)
  • EN 17248 - Terms and definitions for district heating and cooling pipe systems

For practitioners, EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 is a practical design reference ensuring cohesive design practice across prefabricated bonded pipe systems within CEN member states.

Draft
EN 13941-1:2019/oprA1:2021
English language
21 pages
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Frequently Asked Questions

EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 is a draft published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies requirements for design, calculation and installation of factory made thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks for continuous operation with treated hot water at various temperatures up to 120 ºC and occasionally with peak temperatures up to 140 ºC and maximum internal pressure 2,5 MPa. Flexible pipe systems according to EN 15632 are not under the scope of this standard. The standard EN 13941, Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks consists of two parts: a) prEN 13941-1: Design; b) prEN 13941-2: Installation. The requirements and stipulations in this part: EN 13941-1, form an unbreakable unity with those of prEN 13941-2. This part shall therefore exclusively be used in combination with prEN 13941-2. The principles of the standard may be applied to thermal insulated pipe systems with pressures higher than 2,5 MPa, provided that special attention is paid to the effects of pressure. Adjacent pipes, not buried, but belonging to the network (e. g. pipes in ducts, valve chambers, road crossings above ground etc.) may be designed and installed according to this standard. This standard presupposes the use of treated water, which by softening, demineralisation, de-aeration, adding of chemicals, or otherwise has been treated to effectively prevent internal corrosion and deposits in the pipes. NOTE For further information on water qualities to be used in district heating pipe systems see also [1]. This standard is not applicable for such units as: a) pumps; b) heat exchangers; c) boilers, tanks; d) systems behind domestic substations.

This European Standard specifies requirements for design, calculation and installation of factory made thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks for continuous operation with treated hot water at various temperatures up to 120 ºC and occasionally with peak temperatures up to 140 ºC and maximum internal pressure 2,5 MPa. Flexible pipe systems according to EN 15632 are not under the scope of this standard. The standard EN 13941, Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks consists of two parts: a) prEN 13941-1: Design; b) prEN 13941-2: Installation. The requirements and stipulations in this part: EN 13941-1, form an unbreakable unity with those of prEN 13941-2. This part shall therefore exclusively be used in combination with prEN 13941-2. The principles of the standard may be applied to thermal insulated pipe systems with pressures higher than 2,5 MPa, provided that special attention is paid to the effects of pressure. Adjacent pipes, not buried, but belonging to the network (e. g. pipes in ducts, valve chambers, road crossings above ground etc.) may be designed and installed according to this standard. This standard presupposes the use of treated water, which by softening, demineralisation, de-aeration, adding of chemicals, or otherwise has been treated to effectively prevent internal corrosion and deposits in the pipes. NOTE For further information on water qualities to be used in district heating pipe systems see also [1]. This standard is not applicable for such units as: a) pumps; b) heat exchangers; c) boilers, tanks; d) systems behind domestic substations.

EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.040.07 - Pipeline and its parts for district heat; 23.040.10 - Iron and steel pipes; 91.140.10 - Central heating systems. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2021, EN 13941-1:2019. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

You can purchase EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2021
Cevi za daljinsko ogrevanje - Projektiranje in vgradnja toplotno izoliranih spojenih
eno- in dvocevnih sistemov za neposredno zakopana vročevodna omrežja - 1. del:
Projektiranje - Dopolnilo A1
District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and
twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design
Fernwärmerohre - Auslegung und Bauausführung von gedämmten Ein- und Doppelrohr-
Verbundsystemen für direkt erdverlegte Fernwärmenetze - Teil 1: Auslegung
Tuyaux de chauffage urbain - Conception et installation des systèmes bloqués de
monotubes ou bitubes isolés thermiquement pour les réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés
directement - Partie 1 : Conception
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13941-1:2019/prA1
ICS:
23.040.07 Cevovodi za daljinsko Pipeline and its parts for
ogrevanje in njihovi deli district heat
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13941-1:2019
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
prA1
April 2021
ICS 23.040.07; 23.040.10; 91.140.10
English Version
District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal
insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly
buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design
Tuyaux de chauffage urbain - Conception et installation Fernwärmerohre - Auslegung und Bauausführung von
des systèmes bloqués de monotubes ou bitubes isolés gedämmten Ein- und Doppelrohr-Verbundsystemen
thermiquement pour les réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés für direkt erdverlegte Fernwärmenetze - Teil 1:
directement - Partie 1 : Conception Auslegung
This draft amendment is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 107.

This draft amendment A1, if approved, will modify the European Standard EN 13941-1:2019. If this draft becomes an
amendment, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
inclusion of this amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration.

This draft amendment was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13941-1:2019/prA1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Modification to Clause 2 "Normative references" . 5
2 Modifications to Table 1 of Clause 3 "Terms and definitions, units and symbols". 5
3 Modifications to Table 9 of subclause 6.4.2 "Classification of actions and load
combinations" . 6
4 Modification to subclause 6.5.5 "Combined lateral stiffness of steel service pipe,
PUR, expansion cushions and soil" . 6
5 Modifications to subclause 6.5.7 " Thermal expansion of buried pipe sections:" . 6
6 Modification to subclause 6.5.9.2.4 "Excavations over the pipes" . 6
7 Modifications to subclause 6.6.2 "Cross section analyses, steel" . 7
8 Modification to subclause 6.6.3 "Assessment on the basis of a resultant (equivalent)
stress" . 7
9 Modification to subclause 6.6.5 "Deflection" . 7
10 Modification to subclause 6.6.6 "Bends" . 7
11 Modifications to subclause 6.6.7 "T-pieces" . 7
12 Modifications to subclause 6.7.1 "Action cycles" . 7
13 Modifications to subclause 7.2.2.2 "Limit state A1: Ultimate limit state for force
controlled actions (load bearing capacity)" . 7
14 Modifications to subclause 7.2.2.3 "Limit state A2: Ultimate limit state reached by
stepwise plastic deformation caused by cyclical actions" . 9
15 Modifications to subclause 7.2.3.2 "Limit state B1:SN curves for low cycle fatigue
(repeated yielding)" . 9
16 Modifications in subclause 7.2.6 "Survey of limit states for steel" .10
17 Modifications to subclause 7.3.2 "Limit state for shear stress".15
18 Modification to Annex A, A.2.1 "Straight pipes" .15
19 Modification to Annex A, A.3.2.5 "Reinforcement by increased wall thickness" .15
20 Modifications to Annex A, A.3.2.6 "Reinforcement by compensating plates" .15
21 Modification to Annex A, A.4 "Reducers and extensions" .15
22 Modification to Annex A, A.5.2 "Ellipsoidal Dished Head Minimum required wall
thickness for internal pressure" .15
23 Modification to Annex C, C.2.1 "Bends" .16
24 Modifications to Annex C, C.3.2.1 "Stress concentration factors for bends: Simplified
method" .16
25 Modifications to Annex C, C.3.3.1 "General" .16
26 Modifications to Annex D, D.2.1 "Pair of single pipes — calculation of specific heat
loss" .16
27 Modification to Annex D, D.2.3 "Using Zero-order approximation for (s) symmetrical
and (a) antisymmetrical problem the heat resistance can be calculated:" . 17
28 Modification to Annex D, D.2.4 "Specific heat loss of pipes" . 18
29 Modification to Figures D.3 "Calculation model for the specific heat loss of twin
pipes" and D.4 "Superposition of calculation cases". 18
30 Modification to Annex D, D.2.6 "Temperatures of pipes" . 19
31 Modifications to Annex D, D.2.7 "(s) symmetrical and (a) antisymmetrical heat loss
factors according to first-order multipole formula:" . 19
32 Modifications to Annex D, D.2.8 "Specific heat loss of pipes" . 19
33 Modification to Annex E, E.3.2 "Soil friction, twin pipe friction length and pipe
expansion" . 20
34 Modifications to Annex E, E.3.3 "Axial stress in the flow and return steel service
pipes" . 20
35 Modification to Annex E, E.3.4.2 "loads on the fixing bars type A" . 20
36 Modification to Annex E, E.3.4.3 "loads on the fixing bars type B" . 20
37 Modification to Annex G, G.2 "General considerations for determination of test
values for bending moments" . 20
38 Addition to the Bibliography . 21

European foreword
This document (EN 13941-1:2019/prA1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 107
“Prefabricated district heating and district cooling pipe system”, the secretariat of which is held by DS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
EN 13941, District heating pipes — Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin
pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Design;
— Part 2: Installation.
In comparison to EN 13941:2019, the following changes have been made:
a) minor corrections throughout the document.

1 Modification to Clause 2 "Normative references"
Delete footnote 1 "Under preparation. Stage at time of publication: prEN 17248:2018." at the entry of
"EN 17248, District heating and district cooling pipe systems - Terms and definitions".
2 Modifications to Table 1 of Clause 3 "Terms and definitions, units and
symbols"
In Table 1, these modifications are to be applied for the following symbols:
— D /D delete "or m" in the Unit column;
C i
— K add "for cohesive soil and mixed soils" at the end of column "Name";
c
— K add "for granular soil and mixed soils" at the end of column "Name";
q
— "t " is to be replaced by "T ";
s g
— Z replace the unit "m" with "mm".
c
Insert the following row between the rows of "L" and "L ": "
p
L
allowable length between the single use compensators m
all
".
Insert the following two rows between the rows of "q" and "q ": "
u
q
Flow line W/m
f
q
Return line W/m
r
".
Replace the following rows: "
σ
Design stress (allowable) MPa
d
σ
Design stress (allowable) of the compensating plate material MPa
dp
σ
Calculated hoop stress from internal (design) pressure MPa
dp
" with: "
σ Design stress ( )
R T/ γ
( ) MPa
d
e m
σ
Design stress (allowable) of the compensating plate material MPa
dp
σ
Calculated hoop stress from internal (design) pressure MPa
pd
".
And delete the following row: "
σ
Hoop stress from internal (over)pressure MPa
p
".
3 Modifications to Table 9 of subclause 6.4.2 "Classification of actions and load
combinations"
In Table 9, replace "safety" with "load" changing the title to read "Classification of actions, partial load
factor and Load Combinations (LC)" and the first heading to "PARTIAL LOAD FACTORS γ ".
a
Delete the term "(Max foam compression)" in the cell for operational phase LC 3 "Force controlled and
deformation controlled actions"
Replace the load factor "Operating pressure" from LC 2, LC 3 and LC 4 "1,2" with "1,25".
4 Modification to subclause 6.5.5 "Combined lateral stiffness of steel service
pipe, PUR, expansion cushions and soil"
To change " D " in Formula (20b) to " D " replace the formula with
0 c
" kk⋅ D (20b)"
2 h2, c
and insert "for D " at Formula (21b) in front of "see Figure 13" resulting in
cu
" kk⋅ D for D see Figure 13 (21b)".
cu
3 h,3 cu
5 Modifications to subclause 6.5.7 " Thermal expansion of buried pipe sections:"
In the last line of the key to Figure 16 "Partly and fully restrained pipe sections" replace "NR" with "N "
R .
Replace the undefined "N " in Formula (24) with "N " changing it from
r R
σ σ
p p
" N=NN+ =A⋅ + N " to " N=NN+ =A⋅+ N ".
x pr R x pR R
2 2
In the paragraph above Formula (27) and the one which follows, increment the numbering of "Figure 16"
and "Figure 15" by one to read as:
"For systems as Figure 17 where fixed points or other methods ensure that the distance l from the fixed
point to an expansion facility is shorter than or equal to the friction length L, or where the distance
between two expansion facilities is less than 2L, the axial stresses in the steel service pipe are calculated
as:

N
F 1
R
σσ=−−l − (27)
xp

A 2 A

Expansion at the free pipe end from the partly restrained pipe (see Figure 16) is calculated as:".
6 Modification to subclause 6.5.9.2.4 "Excavations over the pipes"
π ⋅ EI≤⋅
To replace the "≤" sign from Formula (44) with "·"replace theformula " L= " with "
γγ⋅⋅ N
aM
π ⋅ EI⋅
".
L=
γγ⋅⋅ N
aM
=
=
7 Modifications to subclause 6.6.2 "Cross section analyses, steel"
Replace "Figure 20" with "Figure 21" in the sentence "Stresses and internal forces are illustrated in
Figure 20." resulting in "Stresses and internal forces are illustrated in Figure 21.".
Replace “t-pieces” with “T-pieces” in the sentence after Formula (46), so that it reads “For T-pieces the
outside diameters d and d and the thickness t and t for run pipe and branch, respectively, are
ro bo r b
inserted.”.
Delete "normally" in the following note:
"NOTE The effect of vertical top load from soil pressure and traffic actions can normally be ignored for
pipe dimensions DN ≤ 300.".
8 Modification to subclause 6.6.3 "Assessment on the basis of a resultant
(equivalent) stress"
From the two sentences above Formula (47), delete the last one, thus replace
"The equivalent stress can be calculated both with the minimum distortion energy hypothesis (by von
Mises´ equation), or with the shear-stress hypothesis (by Tresca equation):
The equivalent stress is calculated from the axial and tangential stress components (calculated with sign)
by Tresca or by von Mises’ equation:" with
"The equivalent stress can be calculated both with the minimum distortion energy hypothesis (by von
Mises´ equation), or with the shear-stress hypothesis (by Tresca eq
...

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La norme EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 présente une approche rigoureuse et bien définie pour la conception et l'installation de systèmes de tuyauterie à double ou simple isolation thermique, destinés aux réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés directement. Elle s'applique spécifiquement aux systèmes fabriqués en usine qui fonctionnent en continu avec de l'eau chaude traitée à des températures allant jusqu'à 120 ºC, et occasionnellement jusqu'à 140 ºC, tout en maintenant une pression interne maximale de 2,5 MPa. L'un des principaux points forts de cette norme réside dans sa clarté et son exhaustivité concernant les exigences relatives à la conception et au calcul des systèmes de tuyauterie. Elle encourage l'utilisation de méthodes standardisées pour garantir que les réseaux de chaleur fonctionnent de manière optimale et efficace. Cela est particulièrement pertinent dans le contexte actuel de la transition énergétique, où des solutions durables pour le chauffage urbain sont de plus en plus demandées. Un autre aspect crucial de la norme EN 13941-1 est sa capacité à s’adapter aux systèmes de tuyauterie soumis à des pressions supérieures à 2,5 MPa, sous réserve que des précautions spécifiques soient prises. Cette flexibilité permet aux ingénieurs de concevoir des systèmes robustes, en tenant compte des divers scénarios d'utilisation. Par ailleurs, la norme précise que les réseaux doivent utiliser de l'eau traitée, ce qui est essentiel pour prévenir la corrosion interne et la formation de dépôts dans les tuyaux. Cette prescription renforce la durabilité des installations et contribue à la pérennité du système de chauffage de district. Il est également important de noter que la norme exclut certaines unités comme les pompes et les échangeurs de chaleur, ce qui permet de concentrer les efforts sur les systèmes de tuyauterie eux-mêmes. En résumé, la norme EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 est d'une grande pertinence pour les professionnels de l'ingénierie dans le domaine de la chaleur urbaine. Elle offre un cadre solide et efficace pour la conception et l'installation de systèmes de tuyauterie, soutenant ainsi les objectifs de durabilité dans le secteur de l'énergie.

The standard EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 provides a comprehensive framework for the design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems utilized in directly buried hot water networks. This European Standard is characterized by its clear focus on systems designed for continuous operation with treated hot water at temperatures up to 120 ºC, with allowances for peak temperatures reaching 140 ºC, all under a maximum internal pressure of 2.5 MPa. One of the significant strengths of EN 13941-1 is its detailed specifications that ensure the structural integrity and efficient functioning of the thermal insulated pipe networks. By outlining requirements for design, calculation, and installation, the standard aids stakeholders in achieving reliable, durable, and efficient hot water delivery systems. The interdependence of EN 13941-1 with its counterpart EN 13941-2 reinforces a holistic approach to design and installation, ensuring that principles are cohesively applied across the system from inception through execution. The scope also includes relevant considerations for adjacent pipe installations that are not buried, highlighting the standard's versatility and applicability in various scenarios typically encountered in hot water networks. Furthermore, the emphasis on using treated water to prevent internal corrosion and maintain system integrity speaks to the standard's robust applicability in promoting longevity and performance effectiveness in thermal insulated pipe systems. The stipulations regarding pressure considerations for systems exceeding 2.5 MPa display a progressive approach, accommodating the needs of modern thermal systems while providing necessary guidance for safe operation. However, it is essential to note that the standard explicitly outlines elements that are outside its scope, such as pumps and heat exchangers, which helps clarify its applicability and focus, preventing misinterpretations in its utilization. Overall, EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 emerges as an essential reference document for professionals involved in the design and installation of thermal insulated bonded pipe systems, emphasizing best practices that align with modern engineering standards in the context of district heating systems. Its clear guidelines and cohesive structure make it a relevant and valuable asset in the industry.

Die Norm EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 befasst sich mit der Gestaltung und Installation von wärmedämmenden, verklebten Einzel- und Doppelrohrsystemen für direkt vergrabene Warmwasserleitungen. Der Geltungsbereich dieser europäischen Norm ist klar definiert und umfasst die Anforderungen an die Planung, Berechnung und Installation von werkseitig hergestellten Rohrsystemen, die für den kontinuierlichen Betrieb mit behandeltem Warmwasser bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen bis zu 120 ºC und gelegentlich bei Spitzentemperaturen bis zu 140 ºC sowie einem maximalen Innendruck von 2,5 MPa ausgelegt sind. Ein maßgeblicher Vorteil der Norm EN 13941-1 liegt in ihrer Kombination mit prEN 13941-2, die detaillierte Vorgaben für die Installation bietet. Diese enge Verbindung gewährleistet, dass die in der Norm festgelegten Anforderungen eine kohärente und umfassende Grundlage für die sichere und effiziente Implementierung von Warmwassernetzen darstellen. Dies steigert nicht nur die Betriebssicherheit, sondern auch die Langlebigkeit der Systeme. Die Norm ist insbesondere relevant für Anwendungen, bei denen spezielle Rohrsysteme mit Druckverhältnissen über 2,5 MPa eingesetzt werden, da die Prinzipien der Norm auch dann anwendbar sind, solange die Effekte des Drucks angemessen berücksichtigt werden. Diese Flexibilität ist ein weiterer Stärke der Norm und ermöglicht die Anpassung an unterschiedliche betriebliche Anforderungen. Des Weiteren gibt die Norm klare Richtlinien zur Verwendung von behandeltem Wasser vor, um interne Korrosion und Ablagerungen in den Rohren wirksam zu verhindern. Dieser Aspekt ist entscheidend für die Langlebigkeit und Effizienz von Fernwärmesystemen. Es ist wichtig zu beachten, dass die Norm nicht für Komponenten wie Pumpen, Wärmetauscher, Kessel und Tanks oder Systeme hinter Hausübergabestationen gilt. Diese Einschränkungen helfen, den Fokus auf die typischen Anwendungsbereiche der Norm zu legen und Missverständnisse hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit zu vermeiden. Insgesamt stellt die Norm EN 13941-1:2019/prA1 einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Standardisierung im Bereich der Planung und Installation von Fernwärmerohrsystemen dar und bietet Fachleuten auf diesem Gebiet wertvolle Informationen und Richtlinien zur Optimierung ihrer Projekte.

標準EN 13941-1:2019/prA1は、直接埋設される熱水ネットワークに対する熱絶縁されたボンデッド単管および双管システムの設計と設置に関して、非常に重要な要求事項を指定しています。この標準は、様々な温度で処理された熱水を使用する持続可能な運用を目的としており、最大120℃の温度条件下で安全に機能し、必要に応じて最大140℃のピーク温度の条件にも対応することができます。最大内部圧力は2.5 MPaと規定されていますが、特定の状況においてはそれ以上の圧力でも適用できるため、施工技術者にとって非常に有用なガイドラインとなっています。 EN 13941-1は、設計と施工の相互の統合性を強調しており、この文書はprEN 13941-2の使用と組み合わせてのみ適用されるべきです。この一体性は、資料が実質的に設計と施工の両方を網羅する形となっているため、適切な技術的サポートを受けやすくしている点が強みと言えます。 さらに、この標準は、埋設されていない隣接配管(管路、バルブ室、地上の道路横断部など)に対しても適用可能であり、さまざまな環境下での柔軟な設計を奨励しています。これにより、利用範囲が広がることで様々なプロジェクトに対応できるのも一つの利点です。 また、内部腐食や堆積物を効果的に防ぐための処理水の使用を前提としているため、パイプシステムの長寿命を確保するための強力なフレームワークを提供しています。この点においても、標準の関連性が高まる要因となっています。 一方、この標準はポンプ、熱交換器、ボイラーやタンク、家庭用サブステーションの背後にあるシステムなどは対象外としており、しっかりとした適用範囲の定義がなされています。これにより、誤解を招くことなく、特定の要件に従った設計が促進されます。 総じて、EN 13941-1:2019/prA1は、埋設熱水ネットワークにおける熱絶縁配管システムの設計と施工に関連する要求事項を非常に詳細に定義しており、安全かつ効率的な運用を目指す上での信頼性の高い基準となっています。

표준 EN 13941-1:2019/prA1은 열적 단열이 된 결합형 단일 및 이중 배관 시스템의 설계 및 설치에 관한 요구 사항을 정의하며, 직접 매립된 온수 네트워크를 위한 것입니다. 이 표준의 범위는 여러 온도에서 처리된 온수를 지속적으로 운영할 수 있는 기술적 요구사항을 포함하고 있으며, 최대 120 ºC의 온도를 견딜 수 있습니다. 또한 최대 140 ºC의 피크 온도와 최대 내부 압력 2.5 MPa까지의 규정을 제공합니다. EN 13941의 두 가지 파트로 구성된 이 표준의 강점은 설계와 설치의 요구 사항을 명확히 구분하고 있으며, EN 13941-1은 prEN 13941-2와의 긴밀한 연계를 통해 전체적인 일관성을 유지합니다. 즉, 설계 원칙은 설치 요건과 상호 보완적으로 작용하여 일체감을 제공합니다. 이 표준은 특히 처리된 물을 사용해야 하며, 물리적 화학적 처리를 통해 내부 부식을 방지하고 파이프의 침적물을 예방하도록 요구합니다. 이는 효율적인 시스템 운영을 위한 중요한 요소입니다. 또한 이 표준은 매립되지 않은 인접 파이프에 대해서도 설계 및 설치를 허용하여, 다양한 배관 환경에도 유연하게 대응할 수 있는 강점을 가지고 있습니다. 열적 단열 파이프 시스템의 설계에 있어 필요한 안전성과 효율성을 보장하는 지침을 제공하므로, 관련 산업에서 필수적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대됩니다. EN 13941-1 표준은 펌프, 열교환기, 보일러 및 가정용 변전소 뒤쪽의 시스템과 같은 특정 장치에는 적용되지 않으며, 이와 같은 제한 사항도 명확히 기술되어 있습니다. 이러한 명확한 범위 설정은 사용자가 표준을 올바르게 적용하도록 돕는 데 기여합니다. 전체적으로 EN 13941-1:2019/prA1은 온수 네트워크 설계 및 설치의 표준을 규명함으로써 관련 분야에 중요한 기준을 제공하는 매우 의미 있는 문서입니다.