EN 16913:2017
(Main)Ambient air - Standard method for measurement of NO3¯, SO4²¯, Cl¯, NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg²+, Ca²+ in PM2,5 as deposited on filters
Ambient air - Standard method for measurement of NO3¯, SO4²¯, Cl¯, NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg²+, Ca²+ in PM2,5 as deposited on filters
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of water soluble NO3- (nitrate), SO42- (sulphate), Cl- (chloride), NH4+ (ammonium), Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium), Mg2+ (magnesium), Ca2+ (calcium) in PM2,5 as deposited on filters.
This European Standard describes the analytical procedures for determining anions and cations as part of the PM2,5 particulate phase, sample extraction and analysis of anions and cations by ion chromatography. Sampling onto filters will be done in accordance with EN 12341 for PM2,5.
NOTE 1 Alternatively, cations, excluding ammonium, can be analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Ammonium can also be analysed by photometry or conductometry.
This European Standard can be used for the measurements of anions and cations as required by Directive 2008/50/EC. The method does not take into account the possible losses during sampling due to evaporation.
NOTE 2 NO3-, Cl-, NH4+ are part of the volatile fraction of PM2,5, and the concentrations determined using this standard can be used as minimum values for the concentrations of these ions in PM2,5. NO3-, NH4+, Cl- are usually up to 30 % underestimated due to evaporational losses from the filter during sampling.
This European Standard may be used at rural and urban background sites and road sites that are in accordance with the siting criteria of Directive 2008/50/EC.
This European Standard is applicable to the measurement of anion/cations in PM2,5 samples corresponding to PM2,5 mass concentrations between approximately 1 μg/m3 (i.e. the limit of detection of the standard measurement method (EN 12341) expressed as its uncertainty) up to 120 μg/m3.
The validated range of the anion and cation concentrations based on the field validation measurements is presented in Table 1.
(...)
See Annex A for the statistical analysis of the field validation measurements.
Außenluft — Messverfahren zur Bestimmung von NO₃⁻, SO₄2⁻, Cl⁻, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg2⁺, Ca2⁺ in PM2,5 wie auf Filtern abgeschieden
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von wasserlöslichem NO3- (Nitrat), SO42- (Sulfat), Cl- (Chlorid), NH4+ (Ammonium), Na+ (Natrium), K+ (Kalium), Mg2+ (Magnesium) und Ca2+ (Calcium) in PM2,5, wie auf Filtern abgeschieden, fest.
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm beschreibt die Analyseverfahren zur Bestimmung von Anionen und Kationen als Anteil der Partikelfraktion PM2,5, die Probenextraktion und die Analyse der Anionen und Kationen durch Ionenchromatographie. Die Probenahme auf den Filtern für PM2,5 erfolgt nach EN 12341.
ANMERKUNG 1 Alternativ können die Kationen, mit Ausnahme von Ammonium, mithilfe der optischen Emissionspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP-OES) analysiert werden. Ammonium kann auch durch Photometrie oder Konduktometrie analysiert werden.
Diese Europäische Norm kann zur Messung von Anionen und Kationen entsprechend den Anforderungen der Richtlinie 2008/50/EG angewendet werden. Das Verfahren berücksichtigt keine Verluste während der Probenahme aufgrund von Verflüchtigung.
ANMERKUNG 2 NO3-, Cl-, NH4+ sind Teil der flüchtigen Fraktion von PM2,5, und die unter Anwendung dieser Norm bestimmten Konzentrationen können als Mindestwerte für die Konzentrationen dieser Ionen in PM2,5 angesetzt werden. Die Konzentrationen an NO3-, Cl-, NH4+ werden üblicherweise aufgrund von Verlusten vom Filter während der Probenahme um bis zu 30 % unterschätzt.
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm darf an Standorten mit ländlichem und städtischem Hintergrund sowie an Straßen eingesetzt werden, die den Standortkriterien nach der Richtlinie 2008/50/EG entsprechen.
Diese Europäische Norm ist für die Messung von Anionen und Kationen in PM2,5 im Massenkonzentrationsbereich von PM2,5 zwischen etwa 1 μg/m3 (d. h. der Nachweisgrenze des Standardmessverfahrens (EN 12341), angegeben als dessen Unsicherheit) bis zu 120 μg/m3 anwendbar.
Der auf Validierungsmessungen im Feld beruhende validierte Bereich der Anionen- und Kationen-Konzentrationen ist in Tabelle 1 dargestellt
Air ambiant - Méthode normalisée pour le mesurage de NO3¯, SO4²¯, Cl¯, NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg²+, Ca²+ dans la fraction PM2,5 telle que déposée sur des filtres
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode pour la détermination de la concentration massique de NO3- (nitrate), SO42- (sulfate), Cl- (chlorure), NH4+ (ammonium), Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium), Mg2+ (magnésium), Ca2+ (calcium) solubles dans l'eau dans la fraction PM2,5 telle que déposée sur filtre.
La présente Norme européenne décrit les procédures d'analyse permettant de déterminer les anions et cations faisant partie de la phase particulaire PM2,5, l'extraction des échantillons et l'analyse des anions et cations par chromatographie ionique. L'échantillonnage sur filtre sera effectué conformément à l'EN 12341 pour PM2,5.
NOTE 1 En variante, les cations, sauf l'ammonium, peuvent être analysés par spectroscopie d'émission optique à plasma induit par haute fréquence (ICP-OES). L'ammonium peut également être analysé par photométrie ou conductimétrie.
La présente Norme européenne peut être utilisée pour le mesurage des anions et cations requis par la Directive 2008/50/CE. La méthode ne prend pas en compte les pertes éventuelles par évaporation pendant le prélèvement.
NOTE 2 NO3-, Cl-, NH4+ font partie de la fraction volatile de PM2,5, et les concentrations déterminées selon la présente norme peuvent être utilisées comme valeurs minimales pour les concentrations de ces ions dans la fraction PM2,5. NO3-, NH4+, Cl- sont généralement sous-estimés jusqu’à 30 % en raison des pertes par évaporation du filtre pendant le prélèvement.
La présente Norme européenne peut être utilisée au niveau de sites caractéristiques de la pollution de fond rurale et urbaine et de sites de proximité automobile conformes aux critères d’implantation de la Directive 2008/50/CE.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique au mesurage d'anions/cations dans des échantillons de la fraction PM2,5 pour des concentrations massiques comprises entre environ 1 µg/m3 (correspondant à la limite de détection de la méthode de mesurage normalisée (EN 12341) exprimée en tant qu'incertitude) et 120 µg/m3.
La plage de validité des concentrations en anions et cations basées sur les mesurages lors de la validation de terrain est présentée dans le Tableau 1.
(...)
Voir l'Annexe A pour l'analyse statistique des mesurages lors de la validation de terrain.
Zunanji zrak - Standardna metoda za merjenje NO₃ˉ, SO₄²ˉ, Cl¯, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ v delcih PM2,5, zbranih na filtru
Ta evropski standard določa metodo za merjenje masne koncentracije vodotopnih NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ v delcih PM2,5, zbranih na filtru.
Ta evropski standard opisuje metodo za merjenje, ki zajema vzorčenje anionov in kationov kot del faze delcev PM2,5, odvzem vzorcev in analizo anionov ter kationov z ionsko kromatografijo.
OPOMBA 1: Alternativno je mogoče analizirati katione, brez amonija, z optično emisijsko spektrometrijo z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP-OES). Amonij je mogoče analizirati s fotometrijo ali konduktometrijo.
Ta evropski standard se lahko uporablja za meritve anionov in kationov v skladu z Direktivo 2008/50/ES. Metoda ne upošteva morebitnih izgub med vzorčenjem zaradi izhlapevanja.
OPOMBA 2: NO3-, Cl-, NH4+ so del hlapnih frakcij delcev PM2,5 in koncentracije, določene z uporabo tega standarda, se lahko uporabijo kot najmanjše vrednosti za koncentracije teh ionov v delcih PM2,5. Vrednosti NO3-, NH4+, Cl- so običajno 0–30 % pod ocenjeno vrednostjo zaradi izhlapevanja s filtra med vzorčenjem.
Ta evropski standard se lahko uporabi za neizpostavljena podeželska in urbana okolja ter obcestna mesta, ki so v skladu z merili za umestitev Direktive 2008/50/ES.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za merjenje anionov/kationov v vzorcih delcev PM2,5, ki ustrezajo masnim koncentracijam med približno 1 μg/m3 (tj. mejo zaznavanja standardne merilne metode (EN 12341), izraženo kot negotovost) do 120 μg/m3.
Potrjeni razpon koncentracij anionov in kationov na podlagi terenskih validacijskih meritev je prikazan v preglednici 1.
Za statistično analizo terenskih validacijskih meritev glej dodatek F.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
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Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16913:2017
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16913
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.20
English Version
Ambient air - Standard method for measurement of NO₃ˉ,
SO₄²ˉ, Clˉ, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ in PM2,5 as deposited
on filters
Air ambiant - Méthode normalisée pour le mesurage de Außenluft - Messverfahren zur Bestimmung von NO₃ˉ,
NO₃ˉ, SO₄²ˉ, Clˉ, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ dans la SO₄²ˉ, Clˉ, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ in PM2,5 nach
fraction PM2,5 telle que déposée sur des filtres Abscheidung auf Filtern
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
C OM I TÉ E U R O P É E N D E N OR M A L I S A TI O N
E U R OP ÄI S C H E S K OM I TE E F Ü R N OR M U N G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16913:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
5 Principle . 8
6 Equipment . 8
7 Sampling . 9
8 Transport and storage . 10
9 Analysis . 10
10 Calculation of results . 12
11 Quality control . 14
12 Measurement uncertainty . 17
13 Artefacts and interferences . 18
14 Data recording . 19
Annex A (informative) Statistical analysis of anion and cation concentrations collected on
filters from field validation exercise . 20
A.1 General . 20
A.2 Analysis methodology . 20
A.2.1 General . 20
A.2.2 Calculating between- and within-laboratory variability . 20
A.2.2.1 Notation . 20
A.2.2.2 Data processing . 21
A.2.2.3 Outlier rejection . 21
A.2.2.4 Data normalization . 22
A.2.2.5 Analysis of variance . 22
A.2.2.6 Calculation of standard deviations . 23
A.2.3 Calculating between-sampler variability . 23
A.2.3.1 Notation . 23
A.2.3.2 Data processing . 24
A.2.4 Combined standard uncertainty . 25
A.3 Remarks . 25
A.4 Results . 25
A.4.1 Data set 1 – Between laboratory and internal laboratory variability . 25
A.4.2 Data set 2 – Between sampler variability . 26
A.4.3 Data set 3 – Uncertainty over the measured concentration range . 27
A.4.4 Detection limit . 31
A.4.5 Field Blanks . 31
Annex B (informative) Uncertainty budget . 33
Annex C (informative) Reagents . 36
C.1 General . 36
C.2 Anion determination by ion chromatography . 36
C.3 Cation determination by ion chromatography . 37
C.4 Cation determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
(ICP-OES) . 38
C.5 Ammonium determination by photometry . 39
Annex D (informative) Other analysis methods used in the validation programme . 41
D.1 Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer system (ICP-OES). 41
D.2 Conductometry . 41
D.3 Photometry . 42
D.3.1 Equipment . 42
D.3.2 Preparation of calibration curve. 42
D.3.3 Analytical procedure . 42
Annex E (informative) Preparation of stock standard solution . 43
Annex F (informative) Sampling artefacts . 44
F.1 General . 44
F.2 Ammonium nitrate . 44
F.3 Chloride . 45
Bibliography . 46
European foreword
This document (EN 16913:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard describes how to measure a specified range of anions and cations in PM as
2,5
deposited on filters.
The EU Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC [1] on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe requests
- 2- - +, + + 2+ 2+
the measurements of concentrations of NO , SO , Cl, NH Na , K , Mg , Ca in PM at rural
3 4 4 2,5
background locations. In Annex IV of the Directive, guidance for these measurements is given.
Measurements of anions and cations in PM are being performed by the EMEP programme, mainly by
using a filterpack with limited particle size selectivity. The cooperative programme for monitoring and
evaluation of long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) was launched in 1977 as a
response to the growing concern over the effects on the environment caused by acid deposition. EMEP
was organized under the auspic
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