prEN ISO 19870-2

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2026
Tehnologija vodika - Metodologija za določanje emisij toplogrednih plinov v
povezavi z vodikovo oskrbovalno verigo - 2. del: Emisije, povezane s
kondicioniranjem in transportom plinastega in utekočinjenega vodika do
uporabnika (ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026)
Hydrogen technologies - Methodology for determining the greenhouse gas emissions
associated with the hydrogen supply chain - Part 2: Emissions associated with the
conditioning and transport of gaseous and liquid hydrogen up to consumption gate
(ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026)
Technologies de l'hydrogène - Méthodologie pour déterminer les émissions de gaz à
effet de serre associées à la chaîne d'approvisionnement en hydrogène - Partie 2: Titre
manque (ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 19870-2
ICS:
13.020.40 Onesnaževanje, nadzor nad Pollution, pollution control
onesnaževanjem in and conservation
ohranjanje
27.075 Tehnologija vodika Hydrogen technologies
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 19870-2
ISO/TC 197/SC 1
Hydrogen technologies —
Secretariat: SCC
Methodology for determining
Voting begins on:
the greenhouse gas emissions
2026-01-13
associated with the hydrogen
Voting terminates on:
supply chain —
2026-04-07
Part 2:
Emissions associated with the
conditioning and transport of
gaseous and liquid hydrogen up to
consumption gate
ICS: 13.020.40; 27.075
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
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This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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Reference number
ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ii
ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
3.1 Terms related to quantification of the carbon footprint of a product .2
3.2 Terms related to products, product systems and processes .5
3.3 Terms related to transport .7
3.4 Terms related to life cycle assessment .11
3.5 Terms related to organizations . 13
3.6 Terms related to data and data quality . 13
3.7 Abbreviated terms . 15
4 Evaluation Methods .15
4.1 Evaluation Basis . 15
4.1.1 General principles . 15
4.1.2 Attributional approach . 15
4.1.3 Consequential approach . 15
4.2 Product Reporting . 15
4.2.1 Product system boundary. 15
4.2.2 Selected cut-off criteria .17
4.2.3 Evaluation elements .17
4.2.4 Evaluation cycle .17
4.3 Quantification of GHG Emissions .17
4.3.1 Process description and data quality .17
4.3.2 Emissions inventory .17
4.3.3 Emissions allocation .19
4.3.4 CFP calculation.19
4.4 CFP Study Report.19
5 Critical Review . 19
Annex A (informative) Gaseous Hydrogen Conditioning, Storage and Transport .20
Annex B (informative) Hydrogen Liquefaction .26
Annex C (informative) Liquid hydrogen conditioning, storage and transport .31
Bibliography .44

iii
ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies, Subcommittee SC
1, Hydrogen at scale and horizontal energy systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19870 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
Introduction
The Paris Agreement was adopted at the UN Climate Change conference (COP21) with the aims of
strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, restricting global temperature rise to
below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1,5 °C above
pre-industrial levels. To meet these goals, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions need to be reduced by about 45
[1] [2]
% from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching net zero in 2050 (IPCC, 2018 , UNFCCC, 2021 ).
Initiatives on GHG mitigation rely on the quantification, monitoring, reporting and verification of GHG
emissions and/or removals. International Standards that support the transfer of scientific knowledge into
tools can help in reaching the targets of the Paris Agreement to address climate change.
[3]
ISO 14044 defines the principles, requirements and guidelines identified in existing International
Standards on life cycle assessment (LCA). The ISO 14060 series provides clarity and consistency for
quantifying, monitoring, reporting and validating or verifying GHG emissions and removals to support
sustainable development through a low-carbon economy. It also benefits organizations, project proponents
and stakeholders worldwide by providing clarity and consistency on quantifying, monitoring, reporting and
validating or verifying GHG emissions and removals.
ISO 14067 is based on the principles, requirements and guidelines on LCA identified in ISO 14044 and aims
to set specific requirements for the quantification of a carbon footprint (CFP) and a partial CFP. ISO 14067
defines the principles, requirements and guidelines for the quantification of the carbon footprint of
products. Its aim is to quantify GHG emissions associated with the life cycle stages of a product, beginning
with resource extraction and raw material sourcing and extending through the production, use and end-of-
life stages of the product.
Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between ISO 14067 and other ISO documents on LCA.
Key
PCR Product category rule
Figure 1 — Relationship between standards beyond the GHG management family of standards
(source: ISO 14067)
Hydrogen can be produced from diverse sources including renewables, nuclear and fossil fuels, with or
without carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). Hydrogen can be used to decarbonize numerous
sectors.
A particular challenge is that identical hydrogen molecules can be produced and combined from sources
that have different GHG intensities. Similarly, hydrogen-based fuels and derivatives will be indistinguishable
and can be produced from hydrogen combined with a range of fossil and non-fossil inputs. Indeed, some of
the products made from hydrogen (e.g. electricity) can themselves be used in the production of hydrogen.
Accounting standards for different sources of hydrogen along the supply chain (see Figure 2) will be
fundamental to create a market for low-carbon hydrogen, and these standards need to be agreed upon
internationally. Additionally, there is the possibility that consumption gates are not located in proximity to
hydrogen production gates, requiring hydrogen transport. ISO 14083 gives guidelines for the quantification
and reporting of GHG emissions arising from transport chain operations.

v
ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
A mutually recognized international framework that is robust, avoids miscounting or double counting
of environmental impacts is needed. Such a framework will provide a mutually agreed upon approach to
“guarantees" or “certificates” of origin, and will cover greenhouse gas inputs used for hydrogen production,
conditioning, conversion and transport.
The ISO 19870 series aims at establishing methodologies that should be applied, in line with ISO 14067, to
the specific case of the hydrogen supply chain, covering different production processes and other parts of
the supply chain, such as conditioning hydrogen in different physical states, conversion of hydrogen into
different hydrogen carriers and the subsequent transport up to the consumption gate.
The parts of the ISO 19870 multi-standards series are:
— ISO/DIS 19870-1 on emissions associated with the production of hydrogen to production gate;
— ISO 19870-2 on emissions associated with the conditioning and transport of gaseous and liquid hydrogen
up to the consumption gate;
— ISO 19870-3 on emissions associated with the production, storage and transport of ammonia up to the
delivery gate and the conversion of ammonia into hydrogen;
— ISO 19870-4 on emissions associated with the storage and transport of hydrogen via LOHC.
This document describes the steps to determine GHG emissions from the supply chain of gaseous and liquid
hydrogen from its production gate up to the delivery gate.
Figure 2 — Examples of the hydrogen supply chain and coverage of ISO 19870 series with the
possible delivery gates
vi
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
Hydrogen technologies — Methodology for determining the
greenhouse gas emissions associated with the hydrogen
supply chain —
Part 2:
Emissions associated with the conditioning and transport of
gaseous and liquid hydrogen up to consumption gate
1 Scope
This document describes methodologies that can be applied to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions associated with the conditioning, storage and transport of gaseous and liquid hydrogen up to the
consumption gate. GHG emissions from cradle to gate (well-to-consumption gate) in the hydrogen supply
chain can be assessed by combining ISO/DIS 19870-1, which defines methodologies for determining the GHG
emissions associated with various pathways of hydrogen production, with this document.
[3]
ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of a life cycle assessment (LCA) be clearly defined and be consistent
with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCA, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be
[4]
refined during the study. According to ISO 14040:2006 , Annex A2, the goals and scope of LCAs correspond
to one of the following two approaches:
a) an approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product
system, typically as an account of the history of the product (see 4.1.2);
b) an approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between
alternative product systems (see 4.1.3).
In this document, approach a) is referred to as an attributional approach, while approach b) is referred to as
[5]
consequential approach. Complementary information is accessible in the ILCD handbook .
A carbon footprint of a product or partial CFP as defined by ISO 14067 can be estimated using either the
attributional or the consequential approach, the latter corresponding to the use of “system expansion via
substitution” to avoid allocation when a unit process yields multiple co-products.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14067, Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for quantification
ISO 14071, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Critical review processes and reviewer
competencies
ISO 14083, Greenhouse gases — Quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions arising from
transport chain operations
ISO/DIS 19870-1, Hydrogen technologies — Methodology for determining the greenhouse gas emissions
associated with the hydrogen supply chain — Part 1: Emissions associated with the production of hydrogen to
production gate
ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms related to quantification of the carbon footprint of a product
3.1.1
allocation
partitioning the input (3.2.7) or output (3.2.9) flows of a process or a product system (3.2.3) between the
product system under study and one or more other product systems
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.1]
3.1.2
carbon footprint of a product
CFP
sum of greenhouse gas emissions (3.1.12) and greenhouse gas removals (3.1.4) in a product system (3.2.3) ,
expressed as CO equivalent and based on a life cycle assessment (3.4.5) using the single impact category of
climate change
Note 1 to entry: A CFP can be disaggregated into a set of figures identifying specific GHG emissions and removals. A
CFP can also be disaggregated into the stages of the life cycle.
Note 2 to entry: The results of the quantification of CFP (3.1.2) are documented in the CFP study report expressed in
mass of CO e per functional unit (3.2.13).
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.2]
3.1.3
partial CFP
sum of greenhouse gas emissions (3.1.12) and greenhouse gas removals (3.1.4) of one or more selected
process(es) in a product system (3.2.3) expressed as CO equivalents and based on the selected stages or
processes within the life cycle (3.4.4)
Note 1 to entry: A partial CFP is based on or compiled from data related to (a) specific process(es) or footprint
[6]
information modules (defined in ISO 14026:2017 , 3.1.4), which is (are) part of a product system and can form the
basis for quantification of a carbon footprint of a product (CFP). More detailed information on information modules is
[7]
given in ISO 14025:2006 , 5.4.
Note 2 to entry: The results of the quantification of the partial CFP are documented in the CFP study report expressed
in mass of CO e per declared unit.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, partial CFP of hydrogen extends from hydrogen production gate up to the
consumption gate.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.3]
3.1.4
greenhouse gas removal
GHG removal
withdrawal of a greenhouse gas (3.1.9) from the atmosphere
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.4]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.1.5
CFP study
all activities that are necessary to quantify and report the carbon footprint of a product (3.1.2) or a partial
CFP (3.1.3)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.5]
3.1.6
product category
group of products that can fulfil equivalent functions
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.6]
3.1.7
production batch
amount of products produced by a device between any two points in time selected by the operator
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.7]
3.1.8
quantification of CFP
activities that result in the determination of the carbon footprint of a product (3.1.2) or a partial CFP (3.1.3)
Note 1 to entry: Quantification of the CFP or the partial CFP is part of the CFP study (3.1.5).
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.8]
3.1.9
greenhouse gas
GHG
gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation
at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the
atmosphere and clouds
Note 1 to entry: For a list of greenhouse gases, see the latest IPCC Assessment Report.
Note 2 to entry: Water vapour and ozone, which are anthropogenic as well as natural greenhouse gases, are not
included in the carbon footprint of a product (3.1.2).
Note 3 to entry: The focus of this document is limited to long-lived GHGs and it therefore excludes climate effects due
to changes in surface reflectivity (albedo) and short-lived radiative forcing agents (e.g. black carbon and aerosols).
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.9]
3.1.10
carbon dioxide equivalent
CO equivalent
CO e
unit for comparing the radiative forcing of a greenhouse gas (3.1.9) to that of carbon dioxide
Note 1 to entry: Mass of a greenhouse gas is converted into CO equivalents by multiplying the mass of the greenhouse
gas (3.1.9) by the corresponding global warming potential (3.1.11) or global temperature change potential (GTP) of that
gas.
Note 2 to entry: In the case of GTP, CO equivalent is the unit for comparing the change in global mean surface
temperature caused by a greenhouse gas to the temperature change caused by carbon dioxide.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.10]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.1.11
global warming potential
GWP
index, based on radiative properties of greenhouse gases (3.1.9) (GHG) measuring the radiative forcing
following a pulse emission of a unit mass of a given GHG in the present-day atmosphere integrated over a
chosen time horizon, relative to that of carbon dioxide (CO )
Note 1 to entry: “Index” as used in this document is a “characterization factor” as defined in ISO 14040:2006, 3.37.
Note 2 to entry: A “pulse emission” is an emission at one point in time.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.11]
3.1.12
greenhouse gas emission
GHG emission
release of a greenhouse gas (3.1.9) into the atmosphere
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.12]
3.1.13
greenhouse gas emission factor
GHG emission factor
coefficient relating activity data with the greenhouse gas emission (3.1.12)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.13]
3.1.14
capital goods emission
CAPEX emission
GHG emissions (3.1.12) related to the manufacturing of capital goods
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.14]
3.1.15
subdivision
virtual subdivision
decomposition of the analysed unit process into physically or virtually distinguishable sub-process steps
with the possibility to collect data exclusively for those sub-processes
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.15]
3.1.16
hydrogen
gas mainly composed of hydrogen molecules
Note 1 to entry: A hydrogen molecule is referred to as H .
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.16]
3.1.17
physical relationship
relation between co-products (3.2.4) based on a chosen physical characteristic (e.g. mass, energy content,
volume)
Note 1 to entry: A physical relationship can be used to:
a) allocate input flows to co-products based on the specific function the inputs perform in relation to the individual
co-products; and/or,
b) allocate greenhouse gas emission (3.1.12) to the individual co-products.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.1.17]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.2 Terms related to products, product systems and processes
3.2.1
product
any goods or service
Note 1 to entry: The product can be categorized as follows:
— services (e.g. transport);
— software (e.g. computer program, dictionary);
— hardware (e.g. engine mechanical part);
— processed materials (e.g. lubricant).
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.1]
3.2.2
product flow
products (3.2.1) entering from or leaving to another product system (3.2.3)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.2]
3.2.3
product system
collection of unit processes with elementary flows (3.2.14) and product flows (3.2.2), performing one or more
defined functions and which models the life cycle (3.4.4) of a product (3.2.1)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.3]
3.2.4
co-product
one of two or more products (3.2.1) coming from the same unit process or product system (3.2.3) that is not
considered waste (3.4.15)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.4]
3.2.5
conditioning
changing the physical conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure) of hydrogen for the purpose of its storage or
transport
Note 1 to entry: In this document, examples are changing the pressure of gaseous hydrogen or liquefying gaseous
hydrogen.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.5]
3.2.6
conversion
changing an input characterized by specific physical and chemical characteristics in an output characterized
by different physical and chemical characteristics
Note 1 to entry: If the chemical characteristics are unchanged there is no conversion.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.6]
3.2.7
input
product (3.2.1), material or energy flow (3.2.15) that enters a unit process
Note 1 to entry: Products and materials include raw materials, intermediate products (3.2.8) and co-products (3.2.4).
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.7]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.2.8
intermediate product
output from a unit process that is input to other unit processes that require further transformation within
the system
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.8]
3.2.9
output
product (3.2.1), material or energy flow (3.2.15) that leaves a unit process (3.2.12)
Note 1 to entry: Products and materials include raw materials, intermediate products (3.2.8), co-products (3.2.4) and
releases (3.4.10).
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.9]
3.2.10
system boundary
boundary based on a set of criteria representing which unit processes (3.2.12) are a part of the system under
study
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.10]
3.2.11
system expansion
concept of expanding the product system (3.2.3) to include additional functions related to the co-products
(3.2.4)
Note 1 to entry: The product system that is substituted by the co-product is integrated in the product system under
study. In practice, the co-products are compared to other substitutable products, and the environmental burdens
associated with the substituted product(s) are subtracted from the product system under study. The identification of
this substituted system is done in the same way as the identification of the upstream system for intermediate product
(3.2.8) inputs (3.2.7). See also ISO/TR 14049:2012, 6.4.
Note 2 to entry: The application of system expansion involves an understanding of the market for the co-products.
Decisions about system expansion can be improved through understanding the way co-products compete with other
products, as well as the effects of any product substitution upon production practices in the industries impacted by
the co-products.
Note 3 to entry: Can be referred to as system expansion and also as expanding the system boundary (3.2.10).
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.11]
3.2.12
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs (3.2.7) into outputs (3.2.9)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.12]
3.2.13
functional unit
quantified performance of a product system (3.2.3) for use as a reference unit
Note 1 to entry: As the carbon footprint of a product treats information on a product basis, an additional calculation
based on a declared unit can be presented.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.13]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.2.14
elementary flow
material or energy entering the system being studied that has been drawn from the environment without
previous human transformation, or material or energy leaving the system being studied that is released into
the environment without subsequent human transformation
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.14]
3.2.15
energy flow
input (3.2.7) to or output (3.2.9) from a unit process or product system (3.2.3), quantified in energy units
Note 1 to entry: Energy flow that is an input can be called an energy input; energy flow that is an output can be called
an energy output.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.15]
3.2.16
feedstock
any material or energy input toa plant that is not generated at the plant itself. If a plant generates and
utilizes a material, only the portion that is received by the plant from an external source is considered to be
a feedstock
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.16]
3.2.17
production gate
location of the end-outlet of the product (3.2.1) that leaves the product’s production system boundary (3.2.10)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.17]
3.2.18
delivery gate
any location where the product (3.2.1) is transferred from one operator to another
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.18]
3.2.19
consumption gate
location of the final delivery of the product (3.2.1) to its end-use
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.2.19]
3.3 Terms related to transport
3.3.1
cargo
goods or sets of goods (liquid, solid or gaseous) transported from one place to another on a means of
transport (3.3.5)
3.3.2
consignment
separately identifiable amount of freight (3.3.3) transported from one consignor to one consignee via one or
more modes of transport
Note 1 to entry: Although “consignment” and “shipment” are common terms often considered as synonyms, in this
document and other technical publications, a consignment is differentiated to a shipment. Indeed, a shipment refers to
a grouping of freight corresponding to the shipper needs, whereas a consignment refers a grouping of freight according
to a carrier or freight forwarder’s transport solutions.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.4]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.3.3
freight
goods, materials, commodities, parcels, etc. being transported from one location to another
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.7]
3.3.4
fuel consumption
amount of energy used by a means of transport (3.3.5) to fulfil a given task
3.3.5
means of transport
modes of transport (3.3.7) such as inland waterway, pipeline, rail and road that are used for the transport of
freight (3.3.3)
3.3.6
route
journey (to be) taken to get from one point to another point
3.3.7
transport
movement of freight (3.3.3) from one location to another performed by modes of transport
Note 1 to entry: The term “transport” in general is used for movement supported by means.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.23, modified — "freight" replaced "passengers and/or freight", "such as air,
cable car, inland waterway, pipeline, rail, road and sea" deleted.]
3.3.8
vehicle
any means of transport (3.3.5)
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.35, modified — Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.3.9
hub
DEPRECATED: node
DEPRECATED: site
DEPRECATED: station
DEPRECATED: facility
DEPRECATED: centre
DEPRECATED: depot
location where passengers transfer and/or freight (3.3.3) is transferred from one vehicle (3.3.8) or mode of
transport to another before, after or between different elements of a transport chain
Note 1 to entry: Hubs include, but are not limited to, rail/road terminals, cross-docking sites, airport terminals,
terminals at seaports and distribution centres.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.8]
3.3.10
hub operation
operation in order to transfer freight (3.3.3) or passengers through a hub (3.3.9)
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.11]
3.3.11
hub service
service provided within a hub transport chain element
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.14]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.3.12
load
quantity or nature of the freight being carried by a vehicle (3.3.8)
3.3.13
packaging
materials used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of freight (3.3.3)
Note 1 to entry: Packaging may be further categorized into:
— primary packaging, which is designed to come into direct contact with the product;
— secondary packaging, which is designed to contain one or more products together with any primary packaging
required;
— transport packaging.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.4.2]
3.3.14
pipeline
long continuous line of pipes, including ancillary equipment, used for transporting freight (3.3.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.17]
3.3.15
pipeline transport
movement of a medium (liquid, gas, liquefied gas, slurry) through a system of pipes from one location to
another
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.18]
3.3.16
shipment
identifiable collection of one or more freight (3.3.3) items (available to be) transported together from the
original shipper to the ultimate consignee
Note 1 to entry: A shipment may be transported in one or a multiple number of consignments.
Note 2 to entry: A shipment can be aggregated or disaggregated to different consignments according to the
requirements of the means of transport on any one element of the transport chain, e.g. single bulk units and packages
can be aggregated on a pallet and such pallet can be handed over as a unit for aggregation in a container, which in turn
is treated as a consignment in a vehicle (3.3.8).
Note 3 to entry: Although “consignment” and “shipment” are common terms often considered as synonyms, in this
document and other technical publications, a consignment is differentiated to a shipment. Indeed, a shipment refers to
a grouping of freight corresponding to the shipper needs, whereas a consignment refers a grouping of freight according
to a carrier or freight forwarder’s transport solutions.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.20]
3.3.17
transport activity
parameter that quantifies passenger or freight (3.3.3) transport
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.24]
3.3.18
transport activity distance
transport distance related to passengers or freight (3.3.3) moved, used as a parameter for calculation of
transport activity (3.3.17)
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.27.4]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.3.19
transport chain
sequence of elements related to freight (3.3.3) or a (group of) passenger(s) that, when taken together,
constitutes its movement from an origin to a destination
Note 1 to entry: A passenger or a group of passengers can include their luggage and, if any, their vehicles.
Note 2 to entry: Where there are two or more elements, in the majority of cases, one of them implies that the freight or
passengers use a hub (3.3.9).
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.25]
3.3.20
transport chain element
TCE
section of a transport chain within which the freight (3.3.3) or a (group of) passenger(s) is carried by a
single vehicle (3.3.8) or transits through a single hub (3.3.9)
EXAMPLE If a multimodal trip of a passenger includes taking a bus from stop “L4” to stop “L7” of bus line “L”, then
one TCE is the trip of the passenger from “L4” to “L7”.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.26]
3.3.21
transport distance
distance between the origin and the destination of a passenger, a consignment or a vehicle (3.3.8) along a
specified route (3.3.6)
Note 1 to entry: For the use of this document, the route followed by the passenger, the freight (3.3.3) or the vehicle may
be different from that originally planned. This leads to two categories of transport distances: actual distances, and
distances used for calculation of greenhouse gas emissions (3.1.12), i.e. transport activity distances (3.3.18).
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.27]
3.3.22
actual distance
transport distance along the actual route (3.3.6) taken by a vehicle (3.3.8)
EXAMPLE Distance measured by an on-board device (odometer).
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.27.1]
3.3.23
transport operation
operation of a vehicle (3.3.8) in order to transport passengers and/or freight (3.3.3)
EXAMPLE If a multimodal trip of a passenger includes taking a bus from stop “L4” to stop “L7” of bus line “L”, this
requires a transport operation being the operation of this bus on line “L”, from the first stop “L1” to the last stop of this
bus line.
Note 1 to entry: It includes cases where the destination is the same as the origin passing through other locations on
the way.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.28]
3.3.24
transport operation category
TOC
group of transport operation (3.3.23) that share similar characteristics
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.29]

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
3.3.25
transport packaging
tertiary packaging
distribution packaging
protective packaging
packaging (3.3.13) designed to contain one or more articles or packages, or bulk material, for the purposes
of transport, handling and/or distribution
Note 1 to entry: Transport packaging does not include road, rail, ship and air containers.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.4.4]
3.3.26
transport service
service provided to a user for the transport of freight (3.3.3) from an origin to a destination
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.31]
3.3.27
vehicle operation
deployment of a vehicle (3.3.8) to fully or partially provide a transport operation (3.3.23)
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.36]
3.4 Terms related to life cycle assessment
3.4.1
cut-off criteria
specification of the amount of material or energy flow (3.2.15) or the level of significance of greenhouse gas
emissions (3.1.12) associated with unit processes or the product system (3.2.3) to be excluded from a CFP
study
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.3.1]
3.4.2
evaluation
element within the life cycle interpretation phase intended to establish confidence in the results of the life
cycle assessment (3.4.5)
Note 1 to entry: Evaluation includes completeness check, sensitivity check, consistency check, and any other validation
that may be required according to the goal and scope definition of the study.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.3.2]
3.4.3
fugitive emissions
emissions that are not physically controlled but result from the intentional or unintentional releases (3.4.10)
of GHGs (3.1.9)
Note 1 to entry: They commonly arise from the production, processing, transmission, storage, and use of fuels and
other chemicals, often through joints, seals, packing, gaskets, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.3.3]
3.4.4
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages related to a product (3.2.1), from raw material acquisition or generation
from natural resources to end-of-life treatment
Note 1 to entry: “Raw material” is defined in ISO 14040:2006, 3.15.
Note 2 to entry: Stages of a life cycle related to a product include raw material acquisition, production, distribution,
use and end-of-life treatment.

ISO/DIS 19870-2:2026(en)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.3.4]
3.4.5
life cycle assessment
LCA
compilation and evaluation of the inputs , outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product
(3.2.1) throughout its life cycle (3.4.4)
[8]
Note 1 to entry: “Environmental impact” is defined in ISO 14001:2015 , 3.2.4.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.3.5]
3.4.6
life cycle inventory analysis
LCI
phase of life cycle assessment (3.4.5) involving the compilation and quantification of inputs (3.2.7) and outputs
(3.2.9) for a product throughout its life cycle (3.4.4)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.3.6]
3.4.7
location-based approach
approach using the average GHG emissions intensity of energy and feedstocks (e.g. electricity) supplied for
utilization within a specific region
Note 1 to entry: This uses mostly grid-average emission factors in the location in which energy consumption occurs.
Note 2 to entry: This definition is derived from ISO 14067:2018, 6.4.9.4.4.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.3.7]
3.4.8
market-based approach
approach to assign the attributes of the product (3.2.1) produced by a specific producer to the product
consumed by or delivered to a specific user while the product is physically distributed through a common
infrastructure
Note 1 to entry: These choices (purchasing energy certificates or differentiated electricity product) may be reflected
through contractual arrangements between the user and the producer.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1, 3.3.8]
3.4.9
process emissions
direct, including fugitive, emissions within the system boundary (3.2.10), including emissions associated with
waste trea
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