EN 12084:2001

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.VPHUQLFHZerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Wirbelstromprüfung - Allgemeine Grundlagen und RichtlinienEssais non destructifs - Examen par courants de Foucault - Principes généraux et directivesNon-destructive testing - Eddy current testing - General principles and guidelines19.100Neporušitveno preskušanjeNon-destructive testingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12084:2001SIST EN 12084:2002en01-junij-2002SIST EN 12084:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12084March 2001ICS 19.100English versionNon destructive testing - Eddy current testing - Generalprinciples and guidelinesEssais non destructifs - Examen par courants de Foucault -Principes généraux et directivesZerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Wirbelstromprüfung -Allgemeine Grundlagen und RichtlinienThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 February 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12084:2001 ESIST EN 12084:2002

Page 2EN 12084:2001ContentsPageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44General principles.45Qualification of personnel.56Purpose of examination and products to be tested.57Measurement techniques.58Equipment.68.1Examination system.68.2Eddy current instrument.68.3Probes.78.4Reference pieces.79Preparation of equipment.79.1Instrument settings.79.2Probe setting.710Verification of equipment.710.1Functional verification.710.2Preventive verification.811Preparation of product to be tested.811.1Surface preparation.811.2Identification.812Examination.812.1Safety precautions and environmental protection.812.2Examination coverage.812.3Signal characterization.912.4Acceptance criteria.913Documentation.913.1Examination procedure.913.2Examination report.11Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or otherprovisions of EU Directives.12SIST EN 12084:2002

Page 3EN 12084:2001ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 "Non-destructive testing", thesecretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by September 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at thelatest by September 2001.This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 12084:2002

Page 4EN 12084:20011 ScopeThis standard defines the general principles to be applied to the eddy current non-destructive examination ofproducts and materials in order to provide a defined and repeatable performance.It includes guidelines for the preparation of application documents, which describe the specific requirements for theapplication of the eddy current method to a product.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text
and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles.EN 1330-5, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 5 : Terms used in Eddy Current testing.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions given in EN 1330-5 apply.4 General principlesThe eddy current examination is based upon the induction of an electric current in a conducting material. Thequantity measured and analysed is related to the distribution of the induced currents. For alternating excitation it isrepresented by a vector in the complex plane.The distribution of eddy current in material depth is governed by physical laws; the density of these currentsdecreases drastically with increasing depth. For high frequency excitation, this decrease is an exponential functionof depth.The basic parameters which influence the measured quantity are all of the following properties of the product to betested, alone or in combination : the conductivity of the material ; the magnetic permeability of the material ; the size and geometry of the product to be tested ; the geometry between the eddy current probe and the product to be tested.More detailed information is obtained when the measured quantity is displayed in the complex plane.The following characteristics of the method can be used to advantage : it can be used without making physical contact with the product ; it does not need a coupling medium such as water ; it is capable of being used at high throughput speeds.SIST EN 12084:2002

Page 5EN 12084:20015 Qualification of personnelIt is assumed that eddy current testing is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order to prove thisqualification, it is recommended to certify the personnel in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent.NOTEFor pressure equipment see directive 97/23/EC, annex I, 3.1.3 : "For pressure equipment in categories II and IV,the personnel must be approved by a third-party organization recognized by a Member State."6 Purpose of examination and products to be testedThe purpose of the examination can be one or more of the following : to reveal discontinuities in the product which can affect its fitness for purpose ; to measure the thickness of coatings and layers ; to measure other geometric characteristics ; to measure metallurgical or mechanical properties of the product ; to
measure the conductivity and/or permeability of the product ; to sort products based upon above mentioned properties.Examples of products to be tested are conducting materials such as : tubes, profiles, bars, wire rods ; components of the automotive and machining industries ; forged or cast products ; multi-layer components in the aircraft industry.Examples of the application of the method include : on line testing in rolling mills, finishing lines, drawing lines ; in-service inspection of heat exchanger tubing ; verification of the properties of mass produced articles and semi-finished products ; maintenance inspection of aircraft ; inspection of the surface of cylindrical holes formed in products.7 Measurement techniquesMeasurements can be static or dynamic, the latter requiring relative movement between the probe and the productto be tested.The scanning of the product to be tested can be performed manually or by the use of mechanized equipment whichprecisely controls the scanning path.SIST EN 12084:2002

Page 6EN 12084:2001The commonly applied measurement techniques are :a) Absolute measurement.The measurement of the deviation from a fixed reference point. The reference point is defined by a calibrationprocedure and can be generated by a reference voltage or coil. This technique can be used for sorting theproduct into classes based on physical properties such as hardness, dimensions or chemical composition. Itcan also be used
for the identification of continuous or gradually changing discontinuities.b) Comparative measurement.The subtraction of two measurements, one of which is taken as a reference. This technique is normally used tosort the product into classes.c) Differential measurement.The subtraction of two measurements made at a constant distance between the measurement locations andon the same scanning path. This measurement technique reduces the background noise due to slow variationsin the product to be tested.d) Double differential measurement.The subtraction of two differential measurements. This measurement technique provides high-pass filtering ofa differential measurement independent of the relative speed between the probe and the product to be tested.e) Pseudo differential measurementsThe subtraction of two measurements made at a constant distance between the measurement locations.8 Equipment8.1 Examination systemThe examination employs an eddy current instrument, a probe or probes, and interconnecting cable or cables. Thiscombination, or together with any mechanized equipment and peripheral units for data storage etc., form anexamination system.All essential parts of the system shall be defined in the relevant application documents (13.1) or in a writtenprocedure agreed at the time of enquiry and order.Factors to be considered include : the type and metallurgical condition of the material from which the product is manufactured ; the shape, dimensions,
and surface condition of the product ; the purpose of the measurement e.g. detection of cracks or evaluation of thickness etc. ; the type, position, and orientation of the discontinuities to be revealed ; the environmental conditions in which the measurement is performed.8.2 Eddy current instrumentThe choice of an eddy current instrument depends on the purpose of the examination. Of particular importance arethe adjustable parameters of the instrument, the range of such parameters and the form of the signal display.The parameters of the instrument which a
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