EN ISO 19157-1:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 19157:2015
SIST EN ISO 19157:2015/A1:2018
Geografske informacije - Kakovost podatkov - 1. del: Splošne zahteve (ISO 19157-
1:2023)
Geographic information - Data quality - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 19157-
1:2023)
Geoinformation - Datenqualität - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen (ISO 19157-1:2023)
Information géographique - Qualité des données - Partie 1 : Exigences générales (ISO
19157-1:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19157-1:2023
ICS:
03.120.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kakovostjo quality
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 19157-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 19157:2013, EN ISO
19157:2013/A1:2018
English Version
Geographic information - Data quality - Part 1: General
requirements (ISO 19157-1:2023)
Information géographique - Qualité des données - Geoinformation - Datenqualität - Teil 1: Allgemeine
Partie 1: Exigences générales (ISO 19157-1:2023) Anforderungen(ISO 19157-1:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19157-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19157-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211
"Geographic information/Geomatics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287
“Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 19157:2013.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19157-1:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19157-1:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19157-1
First edition
2023-04
Geographic information — Data
quality —
Part 1:
General requirements
Information géographique — Qualité des données —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
Reference number
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms and packages .5
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 5
4.2 Abbreviated packages . 5
5 Conformance . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Content of a data quality model . 6
5.3 XML encoding of a data quality model . 6
6 General requirements for geographic information quality . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Data quality — general requirements, recommendations and permissions . 6
7 Overview of data quality . 8
8 Components of data quality .9
8.1 Overview of the components . 9
8.2 Data quality unit . 10
8.3 Data quality elements . 11
8.3.1 General . 11
8.3.2 Completeness .12
8.3.3 Logical consistency .12
8.3.4 Positional accuracy .13
8.3.5 Temporal quality .13
8.3.6 Thematic quality. 13
8.3.7 Metaquality elements . 14
8.4 Extending the data quality information model . 14
8.5 Descriptors of data quality elements . 15
8.5.1 General .15
8.5.2 Measure reference . 15
8.5.3 Evaluation method . 16
8.5.4 Quality result . 16
8.5.5 Descriptors of a metaquality element . 19
9 Data quality measures .19
9.1 General . 19
9.2 Standardized data quality measures . 19
9.2.1 General . 19
9.2.2 Measure identifier . 21
9.2.3 Name . 21
9.2.4 Alias . 21
9.2.5 Element name . 21
9.2.6 Basic measure . 21
9.2.7 Definition . 21
9.2.8 Description . 21
9.2.9 Parameter . 22
9.2.10 Value type .22
9.2.11 Value structure .22
9.2.12 Source reference .22
9.2.13 Example .22
9.3 User-defined data quality measures . 22
iii
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
10 Data quality evaluation .23
10.1 The process for evaluating data quality . 23
10.1.1 Introduction . 23
10.1.2 The process flow . . 23
10.1.3 Process steps . 24
10.2 Data quality evaluation methods . 24
10.2.1 Classification of data quality evaluation methods . 24
10.2.2 Direct evaluation .25
10.2.3 Indirect evaluation .25
10.3 Aggregation and derivation . 26
11 Data quality reporting .26
11.1 General . 26
11.2 Particular cases . 27
11.2.1 Reporting aggregation (aggregated results) . 27
11.2.2 Reporting derivation (derived results) .28
11.2.3 Reference to the original data quality result .28
11.2.4 Hierarchy principle .28
12 Requirements for XML encoding .29
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .30
Annex B (informative) Data quality concepts and their use .31
Annex C (normative) Data dictionary for data quality .37
Annex D (informative) Evaluating and reporting data quality .53
Annex E (informative) Sampling methods for evaluating data quality .78
Annex F (informative) Guidelines for the use of quality elements .86
Annex G (informative) Aggregation of data quality results .95
Annex H (normative) XML Encoding description .97
Annex I (informative) Backward compatibility with ISO 19157:2013 .98
Bibliography . 101
iv
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC
287, Geographic Information, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition of ISO 19157-1, together with ISO 19157-3, cancels and replaces the first edition
(ISO 19157:2013), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendment
ISO 19157:2013/Amd 1:2018.
The main changes are as follows:
— terminology has been harmonized;
— the unique identification of normative components has been added;
— the definition of the data quality model extension has been added;
— the data quality measures have been moved into a new project on a standard data quality measures
register;
— the conformance requirements have been updated;
— the usage of package prefixes for type name has been omitted;
— the ‘usability’ data quality element has been removed from the model;
— a new clause on extending the standard quality model and the quality measures has been added;
— the abstract test suite has been revised;
— requirements for XML schema implementation have been added;
— information on backwards compatibility with superseded edition of this document has been
included.
v
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
A list of all parts in the ISO 19157 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
Introduction
Geographic data are increasingly being shared, interchanged and used for purposes other than their
producers’ intended ones. Information about the quality of available geographic data is vital to the
process of selecting a dataset in that the value of data are directly related to their quality. A user of
geographic data can have multiple datasets from which to choose. Therefore, it is necessary to compare
the quality of the datasets to determine which best fulfils the requirements of the user.
The purpose of describing the quality of geographic data is to facilitate the comparison and selection
of the dataset best suited to application needs or requirements. Complete descriptions of the quality
of a dataset will encourage the sharing, interchange and use of appropriate datasets. Information on
the quality of geographic data allows a data producer to evaluate how well a dataset meets the criteria
set forth in its product specification and assists data users in evaluating a product’s ability to satisfy
the requirements for their particular application. For the purpose of this evaluation, clearly-defined
procedures are used in a consistent manner.
To facilitate comparisons, it is essential that the results of the quality are expressed in a comparable way
and that there is a common understanding of the data quality measures that have been used. These data
quality measures provide descriptors of the quality of geographic data through comparison with the
universe of discourse. The use of incompatible measures makes data quality comparisons impossible
to perform. This document standardizes the components and structures of data quality measures and
defines commonly used data quality measures.
This document recognizes that a data producer and a data user can potentially view data quality
from different perspectives. Conformance quality levels can be set using the data producer’s product
specification or a data user’s data quality requirements. If the data user requires more data quality
information than that provided by the data producer, the data user can follow the data producer’s data
quality evaluation process flow to get the additional information. In this case the data user requirements
are treated as a product specification for the purpose of using the data producer process flow.
The objective of this document is to provide a framework for defining the quality of geographic data.
This includes principles for evaluating quality, a conceptual model for handling quality information, a
structure and content of data quality measures, and guidelines for reporting a quality evaluation. The
framework is extensible, with rules for how to add additional data quality measures. It also provides for
complex dimensions of data quality.
vii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
Geographic information — Data quality —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This document establishes the principles for describing the quality of geographic data. It:
— defines a well-considered system of components for describing data quality;
— defines the process for defining additional, domain-specific components for describing data quality;
— specifies components and the content structure of data quality measures;
— describes general procedures for evaluating the quality of geographic data;
— establishes principles for reporting data quality.
This document is applicable to data producers providing quality information to describe and assess
how well a dataset conforms to its product specification and to data users attempting to determine
whether or not specific geographic data are of sufficient quality for their particular application.
This document does not attempt to define minimum acceptable levels of quality for geographic data.
Such information is usually present as a requirement in a data product specification, defined in
accordance with ISO 19131, for example.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19103:2015, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19109:2015, Geographic information — Rules for application schema
ISO 19115-1:2014, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 1: Fundamentals
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the true value can be a reference value that is accepted as true.
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.1, modified — Notes 1, 2 and 3 to entry have been removed. A new Note
1 to entry has been added.]
3.2
conformance
conformity
fulfilment of a requirement
Note 1 to entry: When there is no ambiguity, the modifier “conformance” may be omitted. For example, “test
report” is the same as “conformance test report”.
[SOURCE: ISO 19105:2022, 3.4]
3.3
conformance quality level
threshold value or set of threshold values for data quality results used to determine how well a dataset
meets the criteria set forth in its data product specification or user requirements
3.4
correctness
correspondence with the universe of discourse
3.5
coverage
feature that acts as a function to return values from its range for any direct position within its domain
1)
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 19123-1:—, 3.1.8]
3.6
data product specification
specification of a data product together with additional information that will enable it to be created,
supplied to and used by another party
Note 1 to entry: A data product specification provides a description of the universe of discourse and a specification
for mapping the universe of discourse to a data product. It may be used for production, sales, end-use or other
purposes.
Note 2 to entry: A specification is a document stating requirements (see ISO 9000:2015, 3.8.7).
Note 3 to entry: A data product is a dataset or a dataset series that may be supplied (see ISO 19131:2022, 3.8),
[SOURCE: ISO 19131:2022, 3.9, modified — Notes 2 and 3 to entry have been added.]
3.7
data quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of data fulfils requirements
[SOURCE: ISO 8000-2:2022, 3.8.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.8
data quality measure
variable to which a value is assigned as the result of measurement of a data quality characteristic
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25012:2008, 4.5, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.9
data quality unit
combination of a scope and data quality elements
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/FDIS 19123-1:2023.
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
3.10
dataset
identifiable collection of data
Note 1 to entry: A dataset can be a smaller grouping of data which, though limited by some constraint such as
spatial extent or feature type, is located physically within a larger dataset. Theoretically, a dataset can be as
small as a single feature or feature attribute contained within a larger dataset. A hardcopy map or chart can be
considered a dataset.
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.3]
3.11
dataset series
collection of datasets sharing common characteristics
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.4]
3.12
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
Note 1 to entry: A feature can occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance will be used when
only one is meant.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11]
3.13
feature attribute
characteristic of a feature
Note 1 to entry: A feature attribute has a name, a data type and a value domain associated with it. A feature
attribute for a feature instance also has an attribute value taken from the value domain.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.12 modified — Examples 1 and 2, and Notes 2 and 3 to entry have been
removed.]
3.14
feature instance
individual of a given feature type having specified feature attribute values
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.14]
3.15
feature operation
operation that every instance of a feature type may perform
[SOURCE: ISO 19110:2016, 3.7, modified — Example and Note 1 to entry have been removed.]
3.16
feature type
class of features having common characteristics
[SOURCE: ISO 19156:2011, 4.7]
3.17
geographic data
data with implicit or explicit reference to a location relative to the Earth
[SOURCE: ISO 19109:2015, 4.13, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
3.18
item
anything that can be described and considered separately
Note 1 to entry: An item can be any part of a dataset, such as a feature, feature relationship, feature attribute, or
combination of these.
[SOURCE: ISO 2859-5:2005, 3.4, modified — Example has been removed. Note 1 to entry has been
added.]
3.19
lineage
provenance, source(s) and production process(es) used in producing a resource
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.9]
3.20
metadata
information about a resource
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.10]
3.21
metaquality
information describing the quality of data quality
3.22
quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of an object fulfils requirements
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.2, modified — Note 1 and 2 to entry have been removed.]
3.23
quality evaluation
systematic examination of the extent to which an entity is capable of fulfilling specified requirements
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.3267, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.24
register
set of files containing identifiers assigned to items with descriptions of the associated items
[SOURCE: ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.9]
3.25
requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.4, modified — Notes 1-6 to entry have been removed.]
3.26
quality evaluation report
quality report
free text document providing fully-detailed information about data quality evaluations, results and
measures used
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
3.27
uncertainty
measurement uncertainty
parameter, associated with the result of measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of values that
could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
Note 1 to entry: Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of these
components may be evaluated from the statistical distribution of the results of series of measurements and can
be characterized by experimental standard deviations. The other components, which can also be characterized
by standard deviations, are evaluated from assumed probability distributions based on experience or other
information.
[SOURCE: ISO 19116:2019, 3.28, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed and replaced with Note 2
to entry from ISO 19101-2:2018, 3.40.]
3.28
universe of discourse
view of the real or hypothetical world that includes everything of interest
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.38]
4 Abbreviated terms and packages
4.1 Abbreviated terms
ADQR aggregated data quality result
AQL acceptance quality limit
GML Geographic Markup Language
UML Unified Modelling Language
XML Extensible Markup Language
4.2 Abbreviated packages
Abbreviations are used to denote the package that contains a class. Those abbreviations precede class
names, connected by a “_”. A list of those abbreviations is listed in Table 1. The International Standard in
which the classes are located is indicated in parentheses.
Table 1 — Package abbreviations
CI Citation [ISO 19115-1:2014]
DS Dataset [ISO 19115-1:2014]
GF General Feature [ISO 19109:2015]
LI Lineage [ISO 19115-1:2014]
MD Metadata [ISO 19115-1:2014]
5 Conformance
5.1 General
In this document two conformance classes are defined (see 5.2 and 5.3). The related tests are provided
in the abstract test suit in Annex A.
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
Requirements, recommendations and permissions are explicitly marked and assigned a requirement,
recommendation or permission identifier.
The name and contact information of the maintenance agency for this document can be found at www
.iso .org/ maintenance _agencies.
5.2 Content of a data quality model
Table 2 describes the conformance class for the content of a data quality definition.
Table 2 — Content conformance class
Conformance class https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ c onf/c ontent
Standardization target type Instance of a data quality definition, regardless of data
encoding.
Dependency https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9103/-/ 1/ (C onceptual
schema language)
https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19109/ -/ 2/ (Rules for
application schema)
https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19115/ -1/ 1/ (Metadata
– Part 1: Fundamentals)
Requirements class https://s tandards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ r eq/c ontent
(see Clause 6)
Tests All tests in Clause A.1.
5.3 XML encoding of a data quality model
Table 3 describes the conformance class for the XML representation of a data quality model.
Table 3 — XML encoding conformance class
Conformance class https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ conf/ xml
Standardization target type XML document representing a data quality model.
Dependency https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ c onf/c ontent
Requirements class https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ xml
(see Clause 12)
Tests All tests in Clause A.2.
6 General requirements for geographic information quality
6.1 General
Clauses 8 to 11 describe the components of data quality based on the conceptual Unified Modelling
Language (UML) model defined in this document, which is part of the ISO/TC 211 harmonized model.
Furthermore, additional descriptions, requirements and recommendations are included. A dictionary
of elements in the UML model is provided in Annex C.
The requirements, recommendations and permissions defined in this document are summarized in
Tables 4, 5 and 6.
6.2 Data quality — general requirements, recommendations and permissions
Table 4 lists the requirements defined in this document.
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
Table 4 — List of requirements
Requirement class https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ content
Standardization target Instance of a data quality definition regardless of data encoding.
type
Dependency https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19103/ -/ 1/ (Conceptual schema lan-
guage)
Dependency https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19109/ -/ 2/ (Rules for application schema)
Dependency https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19115/ -1/ 1/ (Metadata — Part 1: Funda-
mentals)
Requirement 1 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ content/ dataQuality
Requirement 2 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ content/ addi tionalQual
ityElement
Requirement 3 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ content/ qualityMeasure
Requirement 4 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ content/ addi tionalQual
ityMeasure
Requirement 5 https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ r eq/c ontent/d ataQualityMetadata
Requirement 6 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ content/ qua lityEvalua
tionReport
Requirement 7 https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ r eq/c ontent/a ggregatedResult
Requirement 8 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ xml
In addition to the requirements class in Table 4, a recommendations class is defined in Table 5 and a
permission class is defined in Table 6. These recommendations and permissions, when implemented,
can contribute to improved content of a data quality definition. However, recommendations and
permissions are optional and do not have an impact on the results of the conformance testing; thus the
recommendation class in Table 5 and the permission class defined in Table 6 are not related to any of
the conformance classes defined in Clause 4.
Table 5 — List of recommendations
Recommendation class https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ optionalContent
Standardization target type Instance of a data quality definition regardless of data encoding.
Dependency https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ content
Recommendation 1 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ rec/ optionalContent/ dateTime
Recommendation 2 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ rec/ optionalContent/ identifier
Recommendation 3 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ rec/ optionalContent/ addi tionalQual
ityMeasure
Recommendation 4 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ rec/ optionalContent/ description
Recommendation 5 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ rec/ optionalContent/ qual ityEvaluat
ionProcess
Recommendation 6 https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ r ec/o ptionalContent/e valuationMethodType
Recommendation 7 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ rec/ optionalContent/ reportReference
Recommendation 8 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ rec/ optionalContent/ aggregatedResult
Recommendation 9 https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ r ec/o ptionalContent/s ameQualityElement
Recommendation 10 https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/- 1/1 /r ec/op tionalContent/d iff erentQuali tyElement
Recommendation 11 https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ r ec/o ptionalContent/qu al ityEvaluat ionReport
Recommendation 12 https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ r ec/o ptionalContent/d e rivedResult Metadata
Recommendation 13 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ rec/ optionalContent/ hierarchy
Table 6 lists the permissions defined in this document.
ISO 19157-1:2023(E)
Table 6 — List of permissions
Permission class https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ permittedContent
Standardization target Instance of a data quality definition regardless of data encoding.
type
Dependency https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ req/ content
Permission 1 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ per/ permittedContent/ addi tionalQual
ityElement
Permission 2 https://st andards. isotc211. org/1 9157/-1 /1/ p er/p ermittedContent/c onformanceResult
Permission 3 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19157/ -1/ 1/ per/ permittedContent/ sourceReference
7 Overview of data quality
Working with data quality includes the following points.
— Understanding the concepts of data quality related to geographic data. Annex B provides a
description of data quality concepts used to establish the components for describing the quality of
geographic data.
— Defining data quality conformance levels in data product specifications or based on user
requirements. Establishment
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