EN 12697-1:2005

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2006
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SIST EN 12697-1:2002
SIST EN 12697-1:2002/AC:2002
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Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 1: Soluble binder content
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 1: Löslicher Bindemittelgehalt
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthode d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné a chaud - Partie 1:
Teneur en liant soluble
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12697-1:2005
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12697-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2005
ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-1:2000
English Version
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 1:
Soluble binder content
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthode d'essai pour mélange Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 1: Löslicher
hydrocarboné à chaud - Partie 1: Teneur en liant soluble Bindemittelgehalt
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12697-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Content Page
Foreword .4
Introduction.7
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references.8
3 Terms and definitions.8
4 Preparatory treatment of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures.9
5 Determination of binder content.9
5.1 General principles of test .9
5.2 Binder extraction.10
5.2.1 Solvent.10
5.2.2 Apparatus.10
5.2.3 Procedure.10
5.3 Separation of mineral matter.11
5.3.1 Apparatus.11
5.3.2 Procedure.11
5.4 Binder quantity.11
5.4.1 Apparatus.11
5.4.2 Procedure.11
5.5 Calculation and expression of results.12
5.5.1 General.12
5.5.2 Binder determined by difference .12
5.5.3 Binder by total recovery .12
5.5.4 Binder by recovery from portion (volume calculation) .12
5.5.5 Binder by recovery from portion (mass calculation).13
6 Drying to constant mass .13
6.1 General.13
6.2 Apparatus.13
6.3 Procedure.14
7 Reporting of results.14
7.1 Results.14
7.2 Test report.14
8 Precision data.14

8.1 Precision – Experiment 1 .15
8.2 Precision – Experiment 2 .15
8.3 Precision – Experiment 3 .16
Annex A (informative) Guidance on the determination of binder content .17
A.1 Evaluation of the results .17
A.2 Effect of water content.17
A.3 Choice of test equipment and the sequence of operations.18
A.4 Determination of total binder content .18
Annex B (normative) Use of equipment for the determination of binder content .20
B.1 Binder extraction.20
B.1.1 Hot extractor (paper filter) method .20
B.1.2 Hot extractor (wire mesh filter) method .23
B.1.3 Soxhlet extractor method.25

B.1.4 Bottle rotation machine method .27
B.1.5 Centrifuge extractor method.29
B.1.6 Cold mix dissolution of bitumen by agitation.31
B.2 Separation of mineral matter.31
B.2.1 Continuous flow centrifuge.31
B.2.2 Pressure filter.33
B.2.3 Bucket type centrifuge – Type 1 .34
B.2.4 Bucket type centrifuge – Type 2 .35
B.3 Soluble binder content .36
B.3.1 Method by recovery from a portion using a volume calculation.36
B.3.2 Method by recovery from a portion using a mass calculation .38
Annex C (normative) Determination of residual mineral matter in the binder extract by
incineration.39
C.1 General.39
C.2 Method 1.39
C.2.1 Apparatus.39
C.2.2 Reagent.39
C.2.3 Procedure.39
C.3 Method 2.40
C.3.1 Apparatus.40
C.3.2 Procedure.40
Annex D (informative) Guidance on determination of soluble binder content of mixtures with
polymer-modified binders .42
D.1 General.42
D.2 Preparatory treatment of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures.42
D.3 Determination of binder content.42
D.3.1 General principles of test .42
D.3.2 Binder extraction.42
D.3.3 Separation of mineral matter.44
D.3.4 Binder quantity.45
D.3.5 Calculation and expression of results.45
D.4 Drying to constant mass .45
D.5 Reporting of results.45
D.6 Precision data.45

Bibliography.46

Foreword
This document (EN 12697-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by January 2008.
This document is one of a series of standards as listed below.
EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content.
EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution.
EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures —Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary
evaporator.
EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Bitumen recovery:
Fractionating column.
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density.
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens.
EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens by gamma rays.
EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens.
EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 9: Determination of the
reference density.
EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactability.
EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the
affinity between aggregate and bitumen.
EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water
sensitivity of bituminous specimens.
EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature measure-
ment.
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content.
EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the
segregation sensitivity.
EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres.
EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous
asphalt specimen.
EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage.
EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen.
EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or
Marshall specimens.
EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate
specimens.
EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking.
EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of the
indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens.
EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue.
EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test.
EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness.
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling.
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading.
EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the
dimensions of a bituminous specimen.
EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation,
impact compactor.
EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation,
gyratory compactor.
EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor.
EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared, by
roller compactor.
EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test.
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing.
EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Determination of the
thickness of a bituminous pavement.
EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the
adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA.
EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration.
EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition.
EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 40: In-situ drainablility
EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing
fluids.
EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of foreign matters
in reclaimed asphalt.
EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel.
The applicability of this European Standard is described in the product standards for bituminous mixtures.
This European Standard supersedes EN 12697-1:2000.
WARNING — The method described in this European Standard may require the use of
dichloromethane (methylene chloride), 1.1.1 trichlorethane, benzene, trichlorethylene, xylene, toluene,
perchloroethylene (tetracloroethylene) or other solvent capable of dissolving bitumen. These solvents
are hazardous to health and are subject to occupational exposure limits as detailed in relevant
legislation and regulations.
Exposure levels are related to both handling procedures and ventilation provision and it is emphasised that
adequate training should be given to staff employed in the usage of these substances.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard describes a unified approach to the examination of bituminous mixtures that allows
some divergence in the detail of procedures followed by individual laboratories. In clause 5 of this European
Standard, a description is given of the basic operations that together form the test method for the proper
determination of the binder content of bituminous mixtures. Guidance on the test method is given in Annex A
and Figure A.1 whilst the use of alternative items of equipment that are equally suitable for carrying out
particular parts of the test method are described in Annex B. Although the apparatus specified for the
separation of mineral filler from the binder solution obtained after extraction is of a suitably efficient level not to
affect the precision of the test described in clause 8, a method for determining the amount of residual mineral
matter in the extract is given in Annex C for use in those particular cases where some doubt may exist.
Methods and equipment other than those described in Annex B and Annex C, including automated equipment,
are permissible provided that it has been demonstrated that they provide the same results as one of the
methods in Annex B or Annex C within the limits of the precision given in this document. Guidance on
determination of soluble binder content of mixtures with polymer-modified binders is given in Annex D.
1 Scope
This document describes test methods for the determination of the soluble binder content of samples of
bituminous mixtures.
The test methods described are suitable for quality control purposes during the production of plant mix and for
checking compliance with a product specification.
The analysis of mixtures containing modified binders is outside the scope of this document unless the advice
given in Annex D is followed. Even when that advice is followed, the precision of the analysis may be
compromised.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12697-3:2005, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery:
Rotary evaporator.
EN 12697-4:2005, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Bitumen recovery:
Fractionating column.
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content.
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, wafer content and grading.
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth.
ISO 3310-2, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal
plate.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
soluble binder content
percentage by mass of extractable binder in an anhydrous sample determined by extracting the binder from
the sample
NOTE Extraction may be followed by binder recovery.
3.2
insoluble binder content
percentage by mass of binder that adheres to the aggregate particles after extraction
3.3
precision
closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions
NOTE 1 Precision depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value or the
specified value.
NOTE 2 The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of imprecision and computed as a standard deviation
of the test results. Less precision is indicated by a larger standard deviation.
NOTE 3 "Independent test results" means results obtained in a manner not influenced by any previous result on the
same or similar test sample. Quantitative measures of precision depend critically on the stipulated conditions.
Repeatability and reproducibility conditions are particular sets of extreme conditions.
3.4
repeatability
precision under repeatability conditions
3.5
repeatability conditions
conditions in which independent test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in the
same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipment within short intervals of time
3.6
repeatability limit
value less than or equal to which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under repeatability
conditions may be expected to be with a probability of 95 %
NOTE The symbol used for repeatability limit is r.
3.7
reproducibility
precision under reproducibility conditions
3.8
reproducibility conditions
conditions in which test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in different
laboratories with different operators using different equipment
3.9
reproducibility limit
value less than or equal to which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under
reproducibility conditions may be expected to be with a probability of 95 %
NOTE The symbol used for reproducibility limit is R.
3.10
single test result
value obtained by applying the standard test method fully, once to a single specimen may be the mean of two
or more observations or the result of a calculation from a set of observations as specified by the standard test
method
4 Preparatory treatment of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures
Prepare laboratory samples in accordance with EN 12697-28 to obtain suitable test portions.
5 Determination of binder content
5.1 General principles of test
The test method for determining the binder content of a test portion of bituminous mixture, prepared in
accordance with clause 4, normally comprises the following basic operations:
a) binder extraction by dissolving in a hot or cold solvent;
b) separation of mineral matter from the binder solution;
c) determination of binder quantity by difference or binder recovery;
d) calculation of soluble binder content.
NOTE 1 The sequence of operations and choice of test procedures to be followed are illustrated in Figure A.1.
NOTE 2 If it is suspected that water is present in the laboratory sample, it should be dried to constant mass (see
clause 6) or the water content may be determined by the method described in EN 12697-14 or the sample treated as in
EN 12697-28.
NOTE 3 All test procedures and associated equipment relating to each basic operation shown in Figure A.1 are equally
acceptable. Other equipment and procedures, including non-extraction methods, can also be used. There are documented
data to show that the method and equipment will provide results with a precision no worse than that of one of the
procedures explicitly shown in Figure A.1.
5.2 Binder extraction
5.2.1 Solvent
The tests in this European Standard require the use of solvents capable of dissolving bitumen and in some
cases involve distilling the solution to recover all or some of the bitumen.
NOTE 1 Currently all hydrocarbon solvents are regarded as "hazardous" and "environmentally unfriendly" to varying
degrees.
NOTE 2 Until such time as there is an agreed CEN policy with regard to their usage, each member state should specify
its preferred solvent taking into account the Montreal Protocol and the views of its own Regulatory Bodies (see also
"Warning" in the foreword).
NOTE 3 Trichloroethylene should be stored in sealed bottles or canisters, which are protected against UV radiation.
NOTE 4 When trichloroethylene is recovered by distillation for further use, care should be taken to ensure that the
solvent still complies with the appropriate requirements. In particular, acidity may develop and a useful precaution is to
store the solvent over calcium oxide in coloured glass or suitable metal containers.
5.2.2 Apparatus
NOTE Apparatus should be calibrated and traceable.
5.2.2.1 Balance, capable of weighing a test portion to an accuracy of 0,05 % of its mass.
5.2.2.2 Binder extraction apparatus, conforming to the requirements of the method selected from
clause B.1 as appropriate.
5.2.3 Procedure
5.2.3.1 Prepare laboratory samples in accordance with EN 12697-28 to obtain suitable test portions.
NOTE If determining binder content by difference, see Annex A.
5.2.3.2 Weigh the test portion to the nearest 0,05 % of the mass taken, and place it in the binder
extraction apparatus in accordance with the requirements of the method selected from clause B.1, as
appropriate.
5.2.3.3 The binder extraction procedure shall ensure that no soluble binder is left adhering to the
aggregate particles after extraction.
NOTE In limited cases, it may be difficult to dissolve every trace of binder adhering to the aggregate (see clause A.4).
5.3 Separation of mineral matter
5.3.1 Apparatus
5.3.1.1 Trays that can be heated without damage or change in mass in which to dry recovered aggregate.
5.3.1.2 Apparatus for the separation of mineral filler from the binder solution, conforming to the
requirements of the method selected from clause B.2, as appropriate.
5.3.2 Procedure
5.3.2.1 Collect the binder solution obtained in accordance with 5.2 and proceed in accordance with the
method selected from clause B.2, as appropriate.
5.3.2.2 The procedure used to separate the mineral filler from the binder solution shall ensure that the
residue on ignition of the recovered binder does not exceed 0,5 %, if the nominal filler content is less than 6 %
of the mass of aggregate, or 1 % if the nominal filler content is 6 % or greater, when determined in accordance
with Annex C.
NOTE This check is not necessary on all samples but only to prove the effectiveness of the method.
5.3.2.3 Transfer, where necessary, the clean recovered aggregate to a tray. Evaporate the solvent from
the aggregate and the binder extraction apparatus. Transfer any remaining fine mineral matter from the binder
extraction apparatus to the tray with the rest of the recovered aggregate, ensuring that all mineral matter is
removed from the binder extraction apparatus. Weigh and record the mass of the aggregate in the tray.
5.3.2.4 If required determine the particle size distribution of the recovered aggregate in accordance with
EN 933-1 making due allowance for any mineral filler collected by the filter paper, where appropriate.
5.4 Binder quantity
5.4.1 Apparatus
Recovery apparatus, conforming to the requirements of the method selected from B.3.
NOTE Apparatus should be calibrated and traceable.
5.4.2 Procedure
5.4.2.1 Difference method
Where the binder quantity is determined by difference, add the mass of recovered aggregate to the mass of
any mineral filler collected by filter paper.
5.4.2.2 Recovery method
Where the binder quantity is determined by recovering the binder from the total or a portion of the binder
solution, follow the procedures described in clause B.3.
5.5 Calculation and expression of results
5.5.1 General
The soluble binder content, S, as a percentage of the mass of the original dry test portion, shall be calculated
in accordance with 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4 or 5.5.5, as appropriate.
NOTE 1 Formulae are given for undried test portions. Where test portions have been dried to constant mass, M,
becomes the mass of the dried test portion and M , is deleted.
W
NOTE 2 For mixtures with a binder having a significant proportion of insolubles, the total binder content can be
calculated by taking account of the insoluble binder content in accordance with clause A.4.
5.5.2 Binder determined by difference
Calculate the soluble binder content, S, by means of the following equation:
100 ×[]M −()M +M
1 W
S = (1)
M −M
W
where
S is the soluble binder content, expressed in percent (%);
M is the mass of undried test portion, expressed in grams (g);
M is the mass of recovered mineral matter, expressed in grams (g);
M is the mass of water in the undried test portion, expressed in grams (g).
W
5.5.3 Binder by total recovery
Calculate the soluble binder content, S, in percentage by mass, by means of the following equation:
100×M
b
S = (2)
M −M
W
where
S is the soluble binder content, expressed in percent (%);
M is the mass of undried test portion, expressed in grams (g);
M is the mass of recovered binder, expressed in grams (g);
b
M is the mass of water in the undried test portion, expressed in grams (g).
W
5.5.4 Binder by recovery from portion (volume calculation)
Calculate the soluble binder content, S, in percentage by mass, by means of the following equation:
100×z ×V ×d
(3)
S =
(M −M )× (d ×v − z)
w
where
S is the soluble binder content, expressed in percent (%);
M is the mass of undried test portion, expressed in grams (g);
z is the average mass of binder recovered from each aliquot portion of binder solution, expressed in
grams (g);
V is the total volume of solvent, expressed in cubic millimetres (mm³);
v is the volume of each aliquot solution portion, expressed in cubic millimetres (mm³);
d is the density of the binder at 25 °C, expressed in grams per cubic millimetres (g/mm³);
M is the mass of water in the undried test portion, expressed in grams (g).
W
5.5.5 Binder by recovery from portion (mass calculation)
Calculate the soluble binder content, S, in percentage by mass, by means of the following equation:
100×M
B
S = (4)
M −M
W
where
S is the soluble binder content, expressed in percent (%);
M is the mass of undried test portion, expressed in grams (g);
M is the mass of the water in the undried test portion, expressed in grams (g);
W
M is the mass of soluble binder in the test portion, expressed in grams (g).
B
M −M
2 1
M = M (5)
B P
M −M
3 2
where
M is the mass of solvent in the test portion, expressed in grams (g);
P
M , M , M are as defined in B.3.2.
1 2 3
6 Drying to constant mass
6.1 General
In all the test procedures in this European Standard it is necessary, at some stage, to ensure that materials or
equipment are dried to constant mass. On all such occasions the method in 6.2 to 6.3 shall be used.
6.2 Apparatus
6.2.1 Oven, of suitable capacity and capable of holding the required temperatures.
6.2.2 Balance, of suitable accuracy.
6.2.3 Desiccator, of suitable capacity.
6.3 Procedure
Place the material or equipment in the oven and dry to constant mass at a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C.
6.3.1
NOTE 1 Constant mass is deemed to be achieved when the difference between successive weighings at half-hourly
intervals does not exceed 0,05 % of the last weighed mass.
NOTE 2 For convenience, it is recommended that the successive weighings to determine constant mass should be
carried out whilst the material is hot. It may be advisable to protect the balance from heat.
6.3.2 When constant mass has been achieved, cool in a desiccator and weigh.
NOTE Where it is necessary to dry a test portion before analysis a temperature of (80 ± 5) °C may be more suitable
to avoid binder drainage but a longer time will be necessary.
7 Reporting of results
7.1 Results
Report the soluble binder content, and, where appropriate:
a) the water content to the nearest 0,1 % by mass in accordance with EN 12697-14;
b) and/or the insoluble binder content in accordance with clause A.4.
7.2 Test report
The report shall contain at least the following information in addition to that in 7.1:
a) name and address of the testing laboratory;
b) unique serial number for the test report;
c) name of the client;
d) description and an identification of the sample, and the date of receipt;
e) identification of the test method by reference to the Annex B apparatus used;
f) any deviations, additions to or exclusions from the test method;
g) whether or not the sample was accompanied by a sampling certificate;
h) signature of officer accepting the technical responsibility for the test report;
i) date of issue.
8 Precision data
NOTE 1 Criteria for judging the acceptability of the binder content of bituminous mixtures determined by this European
Standard are limited. The data that are tabulated herein were obtained by three separate precision experiments on
materials from two different geographical regions of the European Union. An indication of the precision of this method of
test can be obtained from the data presented in 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3.
NOTE 2 Differences in the results obtained by two laboratories on test samples taken from the same bulk sample may
be due to errors in the sample reduction and/or the procedures adopted by the analysis. Any systematic differences in the
comparison of a group of test results should be investigated to detect the cause or causes of the bias.
NOTE 3 This bias will generally be due to non-adherence to the detail of the method of analysis if the same test
procedures are being followed or, in isolated cases, small differences may be due to the particular test procedure selected.
NOTE 4 If differences arise when the same test procedures are being followed it will normally be possible, with co-
operation between the laboratories, to eliminate the cause. If small differences occur due to the test procedures being
different, it is recommended that the two laboratories concerned at the earliest opportunity should examine the
interpretation of the test results.
8.1 Precision – Experiment 1
NOTE The limits for the differences between the analysis results of two test samples obtained from the same bulk
sample are as given in 8.1.4.
8.1.1 Obtain two test samples in accordance with sampling procedures in 8.1.2 to 8.1.3, as appropriate.
8.1.2 Obtain the test material for repeatability tests by dividing a sample twice the size required for a single
test in accordance with the sample reduction procedure in EN 12697-28.
8.1.3 Obtain the test material for reproducibility tests by first dividing a sample eight times the size required
for analysis into two approximately equal portions (one for each laboratory). Each laboratory shall then reduce
its portion to the size required for a single test in accordance with the sample reduction procedure in
EN 12697-28.
8.1.4 The repeatability, r, for binder content is 0,3 %. The reproducibility, R, for binder content is 0,5 %.
NOTE The above figures are based on a precision exercise carried out several years ago on coated macadams. The
precision was found to be the same for mixtures containing aggregates of nominal sizes larger and smaller than 20 mm.
8.2 Precision – Experiment 2
The permissible range, a , in percent, is given by:
zul
a = 2,77 (0,10 + 0,002 A) (6)
zul
where
a is the permissible range, expressed in percent (%);
zul
A is the oversize of the aggregate on a 11,2 mm test sieve, expressed in percent (%).
NOTE 1 If the individual values for two specimens do not differ by more than the permissible range, a , the arithmetic
zul
mean should be considered to be the test result.
The repeatability standard deviation, s , in percent, is given by:
r
s = (0,10 + 0,002 A) (7)
r
where
s is the repeatability standard deviation, expressed in percent (%).
r
A is the oversize of the aggregate on a 11,2 mm test sieve, expressed in percent (%).
NOTE 2 If several values of A have been determined for a particular specimen, the arithmetic mean from these should
be taken as A.
The repeatability, r, is 2,77 s .
r
The reproducibility standard deviation, s , in percent, is given by:
R
s = (0,15 + 0,002 A) (8)
R
where
s is the reproducible standard deviation, expressed in percent (%).
R
A is the oversize of the aggregate on a 11,2 mm sieve, expressed in percent (%).
NOTE 3 If several values of A have been determined for a particular specimen, the arithmetic mean from these should
be taken as A.
The reproducibility, R, is 2,77 s .
R
8.3 Precision – Experiment 3
A precision experiment in accordance with ISO 5725 on the evaporation method by a fraction of the solution, a
mass method, was carried out in 1994/95 with 14 participating laboratories. The precision is:
a) repeatability, r = 0,23;
b) reproducibility, R = 0,34 for an AC10.
Annex A
(informative)
Guidance on the determination of binder content
A.1 Evaluation of the results
A.1.1 The advantages and disadvantages of the various analysis methods are a matter of individual
assessment which will depend on the circumstances that exist in any particular case. Nevertheless the
methods, when carried out by a skilled operator, will produce comparable test results on all materials,
provided:
a) strict attention is paid to the details of the test procedures specified in this document;
b) the operator has shown that the repeatability requirements specified in clause 8 of this European
Standard have been achieved.
Comparable does not mean identical as small systematic differences in results can arise when different
techniques of analysis are used except in the case of mixtures containing volatile diluents e.g. cutback
bitumens. These differences will be smaller than the reproducibility limits given in clause 8. Where volatile
diluents are present in the bituminous mixture significant differences in analysis results could occur,
depending on whether the binder is determined directly or by difference.
A.1.2 In reporting the results, the method employed should be stated. Clause 7 gives requirements for the
information, which is to be given.
A.1.3 If the results obtained by different laboratories are to be compared over a period, it is advisable to
examine them for bias, which may inadvertently arise due to:
a) sampling point and method of sampling;
b) differences in method and systematic deviations from recommended technique;
c) differences in technique caused by a lack of full understanding of the test method;
d) in isolated cases, a small effect due to particular properties of the material being tested.
Where possible such differences should be reconciled before attempts are made to make direct comparison
between the results of tests.
A.1.4 It should be appreciated that, compared to the bitumen in the freshly mixed material, chan
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