CEN ISO/TR 52016-2:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2017
Energijske lastnosti stavb - Potrebna energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje, notranje
temperature ter zaznavna in latentna toplotna obremenitev - 2. del: Obrazložitev in
utemeljitev ISO 52016-1 in ISO 52017-1 (ISO/TR 52016-2:2017)
Energy performance of buildings - Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal
temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads - Part 2: Explanation and justification of
ISO 52016-1 and ISO 52017-1 (ISO/TR 52016-2:2017)
Performance énergétiques des bâtiments - Besoins d'énergie pour le chauffage et le
refroidissement, les températures intérieures et les chaleurs sensible et latentes - Partie
2: Explication et justification pout ISO 52016-1 et ISO 52017-1 (ISO/TR 52016-2:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 52016-2:2017
ICS:
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN ISO/TR 52016-2
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
July 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 91.120.10
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Energy needs for
heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible
and latent heat loads - Part 2: Explanation and justification
of ISO 52016-1 and ISO 52017-1 (ISO/TR 52016-2:2017)
Performance énergétiques des bâtiments - Besoins
d'énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement, les
températures intérieures et les chaleurs sensible et
latentes - Partie 2: Explication et justification de l'ISO
52016-1 et ISO 52017-1 (ISO/TR 52016-2:2017)

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 24 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 89.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 52016-2:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TR 52016-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163
"Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of
which is held by SIS.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This document is part of the set of standards and accompanying technical reports on the energy
performance of buildings and has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/480, see reference [EF3] below).
Directive 2010/31/EU recasting the Directive 2002/91/EC on energy performance of buildings (EPBD,
[EF4]) promotes the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the European Union,
taking into account all types of energy uses (heating, lighting, cooling, air conditioning, ventilation) and
outdoor climatic and local conditions, as well as indoor climate requirements and cost effectiveness
(Article 1).
The directive requires Member States to adopt measures and tools to achieve the prudent and rational
use of energy resources. In order to achieve those goals, the EPBD requires increasing energy efficiency
and the enhanced use of renewable energies in both new and existing buildings. One tool for this is the
application by Member States of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings
and for existing buildings that are subject to major renovation, as well as for minimum performance
requirements for the building envelope if energy-relevant parts are replaced or retrofitted. Other tools
are energy certification of buildings, inspection of boilers and air-conditioning systems.
The use of European standards increases the accessibility, transparency and objectivity of the energy
performance assessment in the Member States facilitating the comparison of best practices and
supporting the internal market for construction products. The use of EPB-standards for calculating
energy performance, as well as for energy performance certification and the inspection of heating
systems and boilers, ventilation and air-conditioning systems will reduce costs compared to developing
different standards at national level.
The first mandate to CEN to develop a set of CEN EPBD standards (M/343, [EF1]), to support the first
edition of the EPBD ([EF2]) resulted in the successful publication of all EPBD related CEN standards in
2007-2008.
The mandate M/480 was issued to review the mandate M/343 as the recast of the EPBD raised the need
to revisit the standards and reformulate and add standards so that they become on the one hand
unambiguous and compatible, and on the other hand a clear and explicit overview of the choices,
boundary conditions and input data that need to be defined at national or regional level. Such national
or regional choices remain necessary, due to differences in climate, culture & building tradition, policy
and legal frameworks. Consequently, the set of CEN-EPBD standards published in 2007-2008 had to be
improved and expanded on the basis of the recast of the EPBD.
The EPB standards are flexible enough to allow for necessary national and regional differentiation and
facilitate Member States implementation and the setting of requirements by the Member States.
Further target groups are users of the voluntary common European Union certification scheme for the
energy performance of non-residential buildings (EPBD art.11.9) and any other regional (e.g. Pan
European) parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy
performance for a dedicated building stock.
References:
[EF1] EPBD, Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of
16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings
[EF2] Mandate M/343 Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of
standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and estimating
the environmental impact, in accordance with the terms set forth in Directive 2002/91/EC; 30 January
[EF3] Mandate M/480, Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of
standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting
the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the
energy performance of buildings (2010/31/EU) of 14th December 2010
[EF4] EPBD, Recast of the Directive on the energy performance of buildings (2010/31/EU) of 14th
December 2010
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 52016-2:2017 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 52016-2:2017 without any
modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 52016-2
First edition
2017-06
Energy performance of buildings —
Energy needs for heating and cooling,
internal temperatures and sensible
and latent heat loads —
Part 2:
Explanation and justification of ISO
52016-1 and ISO 52017-1
Performance énergétiques des bâtiments — Besoins d’énergie pour
le chauffage et le refroidissement, les températures intérieures et les
chaleurs sensible et latentes —
Partie 2: Explication et justification pout ISO 52016-1 et ISO 52017-1
Reference number
ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviations . 2
4.1 Symbols . 2
4.2 Subscripts . 2
4.3 Abbreviations . 3
5 Brief description of the method(s) and routing . 3
5.1 Output of the method . 3
5.1.1 Reference hourly method in ISO 52017‑1 . 3
5.1.2 Hourly method in ISO 52016‑1 . 3
5.1.3 Monthly method in ISO 52016‑1 . 3
5.1.4 Overall and partial energy performance . 4
5.2 General description of the methods in ISO 52016-1 and ISO 52017-1 . 4
5.2.1 Hourly calculation procedures in ISO 52016‑1 and ISO 52017‑1 . 4
5.2.2 The hourly method in ISO 52017‑1 . 4
5.2.3 The hourly method in ISO 52016‑1 . 5
5.2.4 Monthly calculation procedures in ISO 52016‑1 . 7
5.2.5 Other differences between ISO 52016-1 and ISO 13790:2008 which
it supersedes . 7
5.2.6 Input data and assumptions for hourly and monthly method in ISO 52016‑1 . 8
5.2.7 Choices between methods in ISO 52016-1 . 8
6 Calculation method in ISO 52016-1 . 8
6.1 Output data . 8
6.1.1 General data on the assessed object and application . 8
6.1.2 Calculated data . 9
6.2 Calculation time intervals and calculation period . 9
6.3 Input data . 9
6.3.1 Source of data - General . 9
6.3.2 Deviating subscripts . 9
6.3.3 General data on the assessed object and application . 9
6.3.4 Geometrical characteristics .10
6.3.5 Thermophysical parameters of the building and building elements .10
6.3.6 Loops between input and output variables .11
6.3.7 Operating and boundary conditions .11
6.3.8 Constants and physical data.12
6.3.9 Input data from Annex A (Annex B) .12
6.4 Zoning of the assessed object .12
6.4.1 General.12
6.4.2 Thermal zoning procedures .12
6.4.3 Size of the thermal zones .13
6.4.4 Heat exchange between thermal zones and service areas .13
6.4.5 Adjacent thermally unconditioned zones.14
6.4.6 Residential buildings or building units, adjustment for spatial
average temperature .15
6.4.7 Thermally coupled or uncoupled zones .18
6.5 Hourly calculation procedures .19
6.5.1 Principle .19
6.5.2 Applicable time interval and calculation period .19
6.5.3 Assumptions and specific conditions .19
ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
6.5.4 Calculation procedure .19
6.5.5 Calculation of (sensible) heating and cooling loads and temperatures .20
6.5.6 Overall energy balance of a thermal zone .21
6.5.7 Type of construction dependent properties of the nodes .25
6.5.8 Thermal transmission properties .25
6.5.9 Temperature of adjacent thermally unconditioned zone .28
6.5.10 Ventilation heat transfer coefficient, supply temperature and moisture content 28
6.5.11 Thermal capacity of the internal environment of the thermal zone .29
6.5.12 Internal heat gains .29
6.5.13 Solar gains .29
6.5.14 Moisture content and latent heat load .29
6.5.15 Calculation of key monthly data from hourly output .30
6.6 Monthly calculation procedures .30
6.6.1 Principle .30
6.6.2 Applicable time interval and calculation period .30
6.6.3 Assumptions .31
6.6.4 Energy need for space heating and cooling .31
6.6.5 Heat transfer by transmission .32
6.6.6 Heat transfer by ventilation .35
6.6.7 Internal heat gains .35
6.6.8 Solar heat gains .35
6.6.9 Internal effective heat capacity of a zone .35
6.6.10 Utilization factors .36
6.6.11 Calculation temperature and intermittency modes .37
6.6.12 Corrections for intermittency .38
6.6.13 Overheating indicator . .46
6.6.14 Length of the heating and cooling season for operation of season-length-
dependent provisions .47
6.6.15 Humidification and dehumidification .47
7 Quality control in ISO 52016-1 .48
7.1 Calculation report .48
7.2 Hourly method: verification cases .48
7.2.1 Choice for BESTEST cases .48
7.2.2 Description of the verification test cases .49
7.2.3 Results of the verification test cases .49
7.2.4 Comparison with available BESTEST results of other programs .49
7.2.5 Limited scope .49
7.2.6 Specific deviations allowed.49
7.2.7 Availability of the data file with hourly values .50
7.2.8 More details on description of the verification test cases .50
7.2.9 Results of comparison with “reference” programs .50
7.2.10 Peak hourly loads .51
7.3 Hourly method: validation in case of specific alternative calculation procedures .52
7.4 Specific validation cases.52
7.4.1 Heat transfer through ground floor .52
7.4.2 Solar shading .52
8 Compliance check in ISO 52016-1 .52
9 Worked out examples on ISO 52016-1 .53
9.1 Example 1 .53
9.1.1 Description . . .53
9.1.2 Description of construction elements of envelope .53
9.1.3 Calculation details .59
9.1.4 Remarks and comments .59
9.2 Example 2 .59
9.2.1 Description . . .59
9.2.2 Description of construction elements of envelope .60
9.2.3 Other data .62
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
9.2.4 Calculation details .62
9.2.5 Remarks and comments .62
10 Validation of the calculation procedures .62
Annex A (informative) ISO 52016-1: Input and method selection data sheet — Template .63
Annex B (informative) ISO 52016-1: Input and method selection data sheet — Default choices .64
Annex C (informative) ISO 52016-1: Regional references in line with ISO Global relevance policy 67
Annex D (informative) ISO 52016-1: Multi-zone calculation with thermal coupling
between zones .68
Annex E (informative) ISO 52016-1: Heat transfer and solar heat gains of windows and
special elements.69
Annex F (informative) ISO 52016-1: Calculation of solar shading reduction factors .78
Annex G (informative) ISO 52016-1: Dynamic transparent building elements.89
Annex H (informative) Rationale behind reorganization of suite of standards .90
Annex I (informative) Discussion on the hourly versus the monthly calculation methods in
ISO 52016-1 .95
Annex J (informative) Accuracy of the methods in ISO 52016-1 .104
Annex K (informative) Explanation and derivation of monthly utilization factors .110
Annex L (informative) Calculation examples .120
Bibliography .126
ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy
use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods, in cooperation with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 Thermal performance of
buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 52016 series can be found on the ISO website.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
Introduction
The set of EPB standards, Technical Reports and supporting tools
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards: CEN/TS 16628:2014,
[1]
Energy Performance of Buildings — Basic Principles for the set of EPB standards ;
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;
CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings — Detailed Technical Rules for the set of EPB-
[2]
standards .
The detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB‑standard, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant
clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of EPB
standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate the
correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standard follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
[3]
overarching EPB-standard, ISO 52000-1 .
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB‑standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that
the set of EPB‑standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into account
national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal frameworks
(subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided (Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB Technical Reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless
the background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some
detail to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded
and made available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the
EPB standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative Technical Report, like this one, where
all informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
[2]
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 ):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content;
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard; and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [ ] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
This document
This document accompanies ISO 52016-1 and ISO 52017-1, which form part of a set of standards related
to the evaluation of the energy performance of buildings (EPB).
The role and the positioning of the accompanying standards in the set of EPB standards is defined in
the Introduction to the standards.
[50] [51]
Brief articles on the subject can be found in to .
Accompanying spreadsheets
An extensive spreadsheet was produced on ISO 52016‑1, covering both the hourly and the monthly
calculation method. Examples of the calculation sheet can be found in this document. This spreadsheet
(including possible updated version) is available at www .epb .center.
No spreadsheet was produced on ISO 52017‑1, because this EPB standard (with reference hourly
thermal balance calculation procedures) is not directly used for calculations.
History of this Technical Report and the accompanying standards
The first series of standards on thermal and hygrothermal properties of building components and
elements were prepared by ISO Technical Committee 163 in the 1980s, as a result of growing global
concern on future fuel shortages and inadequate health and comfort levels in buildings. During the
following decades these first standards were revised and new standards were added, to cope with new
developments and additional needs. From the 1990s on, many of these standards were developed in
close collaboration with CEN (see further on).
[26]
As part of the Mandate 343 of the EC to CEN to support the EPBD (2003) , the series of standards
[25]
were scrutinized to see which changes would be needed for the purpose of supporting the EPBD .
This resulted in new versions of a number of standards, most of them published in 2007. The standards
[28]
were further revised in the 2010s as part of Mandate 480 of the EC to CEN , to support the EPBD
recast [ ].
More extensive background information and history of the set of EPB standards is given in the
[4]
Introduction to ISO/TR 52000-2 , the Technical Report accompanying the overarching EPB standard
[47],[48],[49]
and in recent ISO papers ( ).
Application area of ISO 52016-1:
ISO 52016-1 presents a coherent set of calculation methods at different levels of detail, for the (sensible)
energy needs for the space heating and cooling and (latent) energy needs (de‑)humidification of a
building and/or internal temperatures and heating and/or cooling loads.
The effect of specific system properties can also be taken into account, such as the maximum heating
or cooling power, and the impact of specific system control provisions. This leads to system-specific
energy loads and needs, in addition to the basic energy loads and needs.
ISO 52016‑1 contains both hourly and monthly calculation procedures. These are closely linked:
they use as much as possible the same input data and assumptions. And the hourly method produces
as additional output the key monthly quantities needed to generate parameters for the monthly
calculation method. This means that a number of (nationally) representative cases can be run with the
hourly method and from the key monthly quantities the monthly correlation factors can be derived
ISO 52016-1 has been developed for buildings that are, or are assumed to be, heated and/or cooled
for the thermal comfort of people, but can be used for other types of building or other types of use
(e.g. industrial, agricultural, swimming pool), as long as appropriate input data are chosen and the
impact of special physical conditions on the accuracy is taken into consideration.
NOTE 1 For instance, it can be used when a special model is needed but is missing.
viii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
Depending on the purpose of the calculation, it can be decided nationally to provide specific calculation
rules for thermal zones that are dominated by process heat (e.g. indoor swimming pool, computer/server
room or kitchen in a restaurant).
NOTE 2 For instance, in the case of a building energy certificate and/or building permit, e.g. by ignoring the
process heat or using default process heat for certain processes (e.g. shops: freezers, lighting in shop window).
Design heating and cooling load
Upon request of CEN/TC 156, the method to calculate the design heating and cooling and latent heat
load from prEN 16798-11:2015[ ], prepared by CEN/TC 156, has been integrated in ISO 52016‑1.
ISO 52016‑1 includes specification of the method and the boundary conditions for the calculation of
the design heating and cooling load, including latent load, as a basis for the dimensioning of equipment
on zone level and on central level for cooling and dehumidification. It specifies also the methods and
conditions for the calculation of the humidification load.
The method given for the design heat load is intended especially for the cases where the cooling load
calculation needs to be done (for instance when cooling is necessary) and/or an hourly calculation is
used for the energy needs calculation. The principle idea is that there is only one method needed for
load and energy calculations for heating and cooling in case of an hourly calculation interval.
A simplified steady state calculation method for the design heat load is given in EN 12831‑1[ ].
Link between the two standards, ISO 52017-1 and ISO 52016-1
In short, ISO 52017‑1 contains a generic (reference) hourly calculation method for building (zone). This
method is based on and replaces that in ISO 13791. This document contains no specific assumptions,
boundary conditions, specific simplifications or input data that are not needed to apply the generic
calculation method. Compared with ISO 13791, the heat flows describing the energy needs for heating
and cooling are added to increase the application range. This document does not include validation
cases (unlike ISO 13791). For validation, specific assumptions and input data would need to be given
that only apply to the validation cases. To keep a clear distinction between the generic method and a
specific application, verification and validation cases are adopted in ISO 52016‑1.
[5]
ISO 52016-1 replaces the information in ISO 13790:2008 . It contains a (new) hourly calculation
method and a monthly calculation method. The hourly calculation method is a specific application of
the generic method provided in ISO 52017‑1. ISO 52016‑1 further contains specific boundary conditions,
specific simplifications and input data for the application: calculation of energy needs for heating and
cooling. Amended simplifications and input data are provided for the application to calculate the design
heating and design cooling load and (e.g. summer) internal temperatures.
In this way the generic calculation method (ISO 52017‑1) is clearly separated from the specific
application with all specific assumptions, simplifications and specific input data (ISO 52016‑1). Due to
these changes, ISO 52016-1 together with ISO 52017-1 also replace ISO 13792.
The hourly method in ISO 52016‑1 produces as additional output the key parameters needed to generate
parameters for the monthly calculation method. This means that a number of (nationally) representative
cases can be run with the hourly method and from the output, the key monthly parameters for the
different cases, the monthly correlation factors can be derived.
See flowchart in Figure 1.
ISO/TR 52016-2:2017(E)
Figure 1 — Relationship between ISO 52016-1 and ISO 52017-1
Input-output relations between the two standards and other standards of the set of EPB
standards
As explained above, ISO 52017‑1 plays a role as a reference calculation method. For instance as reference
method for ISO 52016-1.
For the input‑output relations with the other EN and ISO standards in the set of EPB standards, only
ISO 52016-1 is relevant.
There ar
...